Deck 6: The Duel for North America 1608-1763

Question 1

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The Cigar Manufacturers' Association had declared that under no circumstances would any leaders of the strike be employed for at least six months.As a consequence,for nearly four months I was out of employment.I had parted with anything of value in the house,and my wife and I were everyday expecting a newcomer in addition to the five children we already had.My family helped in every way possible…Blacklisted,I desperately sought employment…Once I was ready to commit murder. All the children were ill…"
Samuel Gompers,"Strike Baby",1878
One underlying cause of the failures of strikes in this era was the

A) mechanization of agriculture.
B) industrialization of the New South.
C) growth of the industrial workforce as a result of immigration.
D) success of Progressive political reforms.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The following questions refer to the painting below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-USZC4-3246]
Thomas Moran,Tower Falls and Sulphur Mountain,Yellowstone,1875
American expansion and settlement in the region depicted here was initially sparked by

A) the defeat of the remaining American Indian tribes in the area.
B) the completion of the transcontinental railroad.
C) the discovery of mineral resources.
D) government subsidies for settlers willing to farm.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…Whenever the white man treats the Indian as they treat each other,then we will have no more wars.We shall all be alike-brothers of one father and one mother,with one sky above us and one country around us,and one government for all. Then the Great Spirit Chief who rules above will smile upon this land,and send rain to wash out the bloody spots made by brothers' hands from the face of the earth.For this time the Indian race are waiting and praying.I hope that no more groans of wounded men and women will ever go to the ear of the Great Spirit Chief above,and that all people may be one people."
Chief Joseph,"An Indian's View of Indian Affairs," 1879
While the American Indians were experiencing conditions like those described by Chief Joseph,white Americans in the West were

A) migrating in larger numbers in search of economic opportunities.
B) abandoning efforts in mining in favor of sharecropping systems.
C) in conflict with the national government over a desire to preserve the bison population.
D) fleeing religious persecution.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The following questions refer to the painting below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-USZC4-3246]
Thomas Moran,Tower Falls and Sulphur Mountain,Yellowstone,1875
The artist who created this painting most likely would have supported

A) the passage of conservationist legislation.
B) Progressive economic reforms.
C) Populist calls for regulation of the railroads.
D) Prohibition statutes.

Question 5

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…Whenever the white man treats the Indian as they treat each other,then we will have no more wars.We shall all be alike-brothers of one father and one mother,with one sky above us and one country around us,and one government for all. Then the Great Spirit Chief who rules above will smile upon this land,and send rain to wash out the bloody spots made by brothers' hands from the face of the earth.For this time the Indian race are waiting and praying.I hope that no more groans of wounded men and women will ever go to the ear of the Great Spirit Chief above,and that all people may be one people."
Chief Joseph,"An Indian's View of Indian Affairs," 1879
Ultimately,the United States would focus its policy towards American Indians on

A) efforts to de-escalate and demilitarize the conflict between whites and the American Indians.
B) government subsidies for industrial expansion in the West.
C) stronger enforcement for existing treaties with the Native Americans.
D) confining American Indians to reservations and promoting assimilation.

Question 6

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Which of the following best reflects the attitude toward labor strikes presented in the image?

A) Strikes would be tolerated as long as there was no bloodshed.
B) Lawful gatherings of strikers would be allowed.
C) Conflict existed between labor and management over wages and working conditions.
D) The strikers always created problems and would not be allowed to gather.

Question 7

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"… There is but one way to remove an evil-and that is,to remove its cause. Poverty deepens as wealth increases,and wages are forced down while productive power grows,because land,which is the source of all wealth and the field of all labor,is monopolized.To extirpate poverty,to make wages what justice commands they should be,the full earnings of the laborer,we must therefore substitute for the individual ownership of land a common ownership.Nothing else will go to the cause of the evil…This,then,is the remedy for the unjust and unequal distribution of wealth apparent in modern civilization,and for all the evils which flow from it…
Henry George,Progress and Poverty,1879
Which of the following details most directly contradicts the argument made here by Henry George?

A) Conflict grew between union laborers and the management class
B) Many industries tended towards consolidation of corporations into large trusts
C) Workers' real wages increased during the second half of the 19th century
D) American farmers fought against the rise of corporate agriculture by forming cooperatives

Question 8

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Which of the following groups most directly attempted to respond to the claims made by Henry George?

A) Advocates for laissez-faire policy
B) Political machines
C) Social Darwinists
D) Advocates of the Gospel of Wealth

Question 9

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"… Of all the races and varieties of men which have suffered from this feeling,the colored people of this country have endured most… The African origin can be instantly recognized,though they may be several removes from the typical African race…They are Negroes-and that is enough,in the eye of this unreasoning prejudice,to justify indignity and violence.In nearly every department of American life they are confronted by this insidious influence…It meets them at the workshop,and factory,when they apply for work.It meets them at the church,at the hotel,at the ballot box,and worst of all,it meets them in the jury box… Everything against the person with the hated color is promptly taken for granted;while everything in his favor is received with suspicion and doubt."
Frederick Douglass,The Color Line,1891
Which other group of Americans in the period from 1865 to 1898 faced similar discrimination as blacks?

A) Native Americans
B) Nativists
C) Women
D) Children

Question 10

The following questions refer to the painting below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-USZC4-3246]
Thomas Moran,Tower Falls and Sulphur Mountain,Yellowstone,1875
The style of this painting most nearly reflects the cultural trends of

A) the rise of modernism in the early twentieth century.
B) the post-World War II era.
C) the American Enlightenment.
D) the era of nationalism in the early nineteenth century.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"… There is but one way to remove an evil-and that is,to remove its cause. Poverty deepens as wealth increases,and wages are forced down while productive power grows,because land,which is the source of all wealth and the field of all labor,is monopolized.To extirpate poverty,to make wages what justice commands they should be,the full earnings of the laborer,we must therefore substitute for the individual ownership of land a common ownership.Nothing else will go to the cause of the evil…This,then,is the remedy for the unjust and unequal distribution of wealth apparent in modern civilization,and for all the evils which flow from it…
Henry George,Progress and Poverty,1879
Which of the following details most directly contributed to the frustrations expressed by Henry George in this excerpt?

A) An increase in the number of immigrants arriving in the US swelled the labor force.
B) Americans began to consider expansion outside of North America.
C) Government subsidies in the post-Civil War period contributed to the industrial boom.
D) During this period, the gap between rich and poor widened significantly.

Question 12

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…Whenever the white man treats the Indian as they treat each other,then we will have no more wars.We shall all be alike-brothers of one father and one mother,with one sky above us and one country around us,and one government for all. Then the Great Spirit Chief who rules above will smile upon this land,and send rain to wash out the bloody spots made by brothers' hands from the face of the earth.For this time the Indian race are waiting and praying.I hope that no more groans of wounded men and women will ever go to the ear of the Great Spirit Chief above,and that all people may be one people."
Chief Joseph,"An Indian's View of Indian Affairs," 1879
Which of the following was the most significant source of conflict between Americans and American Indians?

A) Nativism
B) The growth of industry
C) Competition for land and resources
D) The rise of segregation

Question 13

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The Cigar Manufacturers' Association had declared that under no circumstances would any leaders of the strike be employed for at least six months.As a consequence,for nearly four months I was out of employment.I had parted with anything of value in the house,and my wife and I were everyday expecting a newcomer in addition to the five children we already had.My family helped in every way possible…Blacklisted,I desperately sought employment…Once I was ready to commit murder. All the children were ill…"
Samuel Gompers,"Strike Baby",1878
Gompers' position concerning a striker would have been supported by all of the following except?

A) Political bosses and their machines
B) Settlement house workers
C) Immigrants
D) The People's Party

Question 14

The following questions refer to the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Which of the following historical events was a direct result of the event depicted in the image?

A) Unions saw significant successes in their search for reforms.
B) A growing number called for a stronger governmental role in regulating the economy.
C) Civil liberties for many American immigrants were taken away by the government.
D) Worker productivity declined amidst social conflict.

Question 15

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"American farming is growing less profitable and less encouraging.In a country possessing so many faculties of cheap production this discouraging aspect of agriculture must be and is the result of other than natural causes.The annual additions of wealth under the enlightened system of agriculture are enormous,but from the unequal divisions of the profits of labor and the unjust discriminations made against it,the enlistments of property show that the farmers of the United States are not prospering…The farmers of America have on all occasions shown themselves to be a patient and enduring people…"
13?? National Meeting of the Grange,1868
Which of the following reasons led to the formation of the Grange?

A) The rise of industrialization
B) The New South
C) Discontentment with the railroads
D) Indians encroaching upon the land

Question 16

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"American farming is growing less profitable and less encouraging.In a country possessing so many faculties of cheap production this discouraging aspect of agriculture must be and is the result of other than natural causes.The annual additions of wealth under the enlightened system of agriculture are enormous,but from the unequal divisions of the profits of labor and the unjust discriminations made against it,the enlistments of property show that the farmers of the United States are not prospering…The farmers of America have on all occasions shown themselves to be a patient and enduring people…"
13?? National Meeting of the Grange,1868
Which of the following developments did movements like the Grange most directly contribute to?

A) The creation of mechanized grain reapers
B) Local and regional resistance to railroad control of agricultural markets
C) The rise of Know-Nothing Party
D) The passage of the Interstate Commerce Act

Question 17

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"… Of all the races and varieties of men which have suffered from this feeling,the colored people of this country have endured most… The African origin can be instantly recognized,though they may be several removes from the typical African race…They are Negroes-and that is enough,in the eye of this unreasoning prejudice,to justify indignity and violence.In nearly every department of American life they are confronted by this insidious influence…It meets them at the workshop,and factory,when they apply for work.It meets them at the church,at the hotel,at the ballot box,and worst of all,it meets them in the jury box… Everything against the person with the hated color is promptly taken for granted;while everything in his favor is received with suspicion and doubt."
Frederick Douglass,The Color Line,1891
Which of the following developments most directly supported the central argument made by Douglass?

A) Expanded scientific research on race theories worked to benefit African Americans.
B) Radical Republicans in Congress focused their efforts on reforming the Constitution.
C) African Americans saw an erosion of the political gains they had made during Reconstruction.
D) Advocates of the social gospel worked to make improvements to U.S. race relations.

Question 18

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"American farming is growing less profitable and less encouraging.In a country possessing so many faculties of cheap production this discouraging aspect of agriculture must be and is the result of other than natural causes.The annual additions of wealth under the enlightened system of agriculture are enormous,but from the unequal divisions of the profits of labor and the unjust discriminations made against it,the enlistments of property show that the farmers of the United States are not prospering…The farmers of America have on all occasions shown themselves to be a patient and enduring people…"
13?? National Meeting of the Grange,1868
Many of those who sided with the Grange movement would eventually

A) form the Populist Party.
B) support women's rights.
C) prevent blacks from farming in the Midwest.
D) support the railroads' increase in freight rates.

Question 19

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"… There is but one way to remove an evil-and that is,to remove its cause. Poverty deepens as wealth increases,and wages are forced down while productive power grows,because land,which is the source of all wealth and the field of all labor,is monopolized.To extirpate poverty,to make wages what justice commands they should be,the full earnings of the laborer,we must therefore substitute for the individual ownership of land a common ownership.Nothing else will go to the cause of the evil…This,then,is the remedy for the unjust and unequal distribution of wealth apparent in modern civilization,and for all the evils which flow from it…
Henry George,Progress and Poverty,1879
Which of the following ideas expressed in the excerpt is contrary to those of the Social Darwinists?

A) There should be equal availability of resources.
B) Capitalization causes poverty
C) Wages increase as more products are produced
D) Monopolies are good for society

Question 20

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"… Of all the races and varieties of men which have suffered from this feeling,the colored people of this country have endured most… The African origin can be instantly recognized,though they may be several removes from the typical African race…They are Negroes-and that is enough,in the eye of this unreasoning prejudice,to justify indignity and violence.In nearly every department of American life they are confronted by this insidious influence…It meets them at the workshop,and factory,when they apply for work.It meets them at the church,at the hotel,at the ballot box,and worst of all,it meets them in the jury box… Everything against the person with the hated color is promptly taken for granted;while everything in his favor is received with suspicion and doubt."
Frederick Douglass,The Color Line,1891
Douglass' view as expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly as a result of which of the following trends?

A) Jim Crow
B) Nativism
C) Social Darwinism
D) Urbanization

Question 21

The following questions refer to the advertisement below.

Image Courtesy of The Advertising Archives
The point of view expressed in the advertisement emerged most directly from which of the following trends?

A) The growth of urbanization
B) The consolidation of businesses into monopolies
C) The encouragement of "conspicuous consumption"
D) The availability of new markets domestically and internationally

Question 22

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…There are two ideas of government.There are those who believe that,if you will only legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous,their prosperity will leak through on those below.The Democratic idea,however,has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous,their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them…Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world,supported by the commercial interests,the laboring interests,and the toilers everywhere we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns;you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."
William Jennings Bryan,1896
William Joe Bryan's speech was focused most directly on which of the following political issues?

A) Racial segregation in the South
B) The growing wealth gap
C) The question of currency and monetary policy
D) The rise of Socialism

Question 23

The following questions refer to the advertisement below.

Image Courtesy of The Advertising Archives
Which of the following caused the need for mass marketing techniques?

A) Trains connected the east and west and allowed goods to get to market much faster than before.
B) Women had more leisure time, which enabled them to read more and look at advertisements.
C) Increased industrialization had increased demand for goods at home and abroad.
D) Money had become cheap and accessible and marketing was a way to encourage spending.

Question 24

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-DIG-ppmsca-15782]

James Wales,"15-14-13-The Great Presidential Puzzle"
The type of view expressed in this cartoon emerged most directly from which of the following trends?

A) Conflict in the West between settlers and Indians
B) Organization of labor unions and their fight with management
C) Increased migration of immigrants into the cities
D) The need for political and economic reform at the national level

Question 25

"The sod wall is about 2 feet thick at the ground,and slopes off on the outside to about 14 inches at the top.The roof is composed of a ridge pole and rafters of rough split logs… Occasionally a newcomer has a "bee," and the neighbors for miles around gather at his claim and put up his house in a day… tried a new dodge with the cornmeal.Mixed it with a little water and salt…My supper will be a slice of ham boiled with beans,and a slice of bread.How is that for high toned?..."
Howard Ruede,1877
This excerpt most directly reflects

A) the violent conflict between settlers and Indians.
B) the government responding to Indian resistance with military force.
C) economic opportunities that were encouraged by government policies.
D) competition for natural resources.

Question 26

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…You should support him,not because he is a negro gentleman,but because his record is consistent.For years he has been the only Republican Senator from the Southern section where the party has lost control,and hundreds of thousands of citizens are on the verge of disfranchisement who occupies his place without question,and that his official conduct is without reproach,and approved by all parties,while his political vote has been invariably cast with the Republican party is a fact….The nomination of Mr Bruce would culminate the idea of Horace Greely,of Thaddeus Stevens,of Abraham Lincoln,of Chas Sumner,of Ulysses Grant,of Jas G.Blaine,of Jno Sherman,and indeed of the great Republican party and relieve the nation at once of the question of caste in American politics.Horace Greely said of the finance the way to "resume is to resume" and the party should understand that the way to execute the constitution and the laws is to show determination to execute them."
Circular Letter by J.Milton Turner to Republican delegates at the National Convention to nominate a Presidential candidate,May 20,1880
Which of the following later historical developments was driven by similar logic to the argument presented here?

A) The opposition to attempts by conservatives to dismantle parts of the social safety net
B) The support for American intervention to bring stability to other nations
C) The growth of civil rights policies in response to activism of the 1950s and 1960s
D) The expansion of Progressive political reforms

Question 27

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…There are two ideas of government.There are those who believe that,if you will only legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous,their prosperity will leak through on those below.The Democratic idea,however,has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous,their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them…Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world,supported by the commercial interests,the laboring interests,and the toilers everywhere we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns;you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."
William Jennings Bryan,1896
Which political party supported the above excerpt?

A) The Populists
B) The Republicans
C) The Federalists
D) The Progressives

Question 28

The following questions refer to the advertisement below.

Image Courtesy of The Advertising Archives
Which of the following later historical periods is most similar to this poster?

A) The women of World War II
B) The women during the Civil War
C) The peace movement of the 1960s
D) The flappers

Question 29

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The Cigar Manufacturers' Association had declared that under no circumstances would any leaders of the strike be employed for at least six months.As a consequence,for nearly four months I was out of employment.I had parted with anything of value in the house,and my wife and I were everyday expecting a newcomer in addition to the five children we already had.My family helped in every way possible…Blacklisted,I desperately sought employment…Once I was ready to commit murder. All the children were ill…"
Samuel Gompers,"Strike Baby",1878
Which of the following was true for strikes around the time of the excerpt?

A) They usually were led by immigrant workers.
B) Workers were demanding better pay and working conditions.
C) Management was eager to settle the strikes quickly and often gave in to the workers' demands.
D) Employers submitted to collective bargaining.

Question 30

"The sod wall is about 2 feet thick at the ground,and slopes off on the outside to about 14 inches at the top.The roof is composed of a ridge pole and rafters of rough split logs… Occasionally a newcomer has a "bee," and the neighbors for miles around gather at his claim and put up his house in a day… tried a new dodge with the cornmeal.Mixed it with a little water and salt…My supper will be a slice of ham boiled with beans,and a slice of bread.How is that for high toned?..."
Howard Ruede,1877
Which of the following earlier historical events was most similar to the post-Civil War westward migration?

A) The Great Migration
B) Northwest Ordinances of 1785 and 1787
C) The California gold rush
D) The purchase of the Louisiana Territory

Question 31

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…They buried him in the midst of a marble quarry-they cut through solid marble to make his grave-and yet a little tombstone they put above him was from Vermont.They buried him in the heart of a pine forest,and yet the pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati…the iron in the shovel that dug his grave was imported from Pittsburg.They buried him by the side of the best sheep-grazing country on earth…and the coffin bands were brought from the North.The South didn't furnish a thing on earth for that funeral but the corpse and the hole in the ground…"
Henry Grady,1889
In this excerpt,Henry Grady expresses frustration with which of the following realities?

A) Despite some attempts at federal regulation of the economy, episodes of market instability persisted.
B) Despite some industrial investment in the South immediately after the Civil War, agriculture remained the primary economic activity in the South.
C) Despite Reconstruction-era efforts to provide for the civil rights of newly-freed slaves, discrimination and oppression remained powerful forces.
D) Despite increased federal investment in transportation infrastructure, the South remained physically isolated from the North and West.

Question 32

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…There are two ideas of government.There are those who believe that,if you will only legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous,their prosperity will leak through on those below.The Democratic idea,however,has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous,their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them…Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world,supported by the commercial interests,the laboring interests,and the toilers everywhere we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns;you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."
William Jennings Bryan,1896
This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following?

A) The reasons the new immigrants immigrated to the U.S.
B) The suppression of labor rights
C) Government supporting commercial and trade interests
D) The instability of the nation's currency

Question 33

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-DIG-ppmsca-15782]

James Wales,"15-14-13-The Great Presidential Puzzle"
The political party that is reflected in the author's point of view is

A) the Republican Party.
B) the Federalist Party.
C) the Populist Party.
D) the Greenback Labor Party.

Question 34

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,D.C[LC-DIG-ppmsca-15782]

James Wales,"15-14-13-The Great Presidential Puzzle"
The creator of the image would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

A) Choosing a president means selection of the best candidate to provide economic reform for the country.
B) Political bosses and machines rule politics.
C) Big business has its hands into the pockets of the politicians.
D) Picking a president means choosing the least corruptible politician.

Question 35

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…You should support him,not because he is a negro gentleman,but because his record is consistent.For years he has been the only Republican Senator from the Southern section where the party has lost control,and hundreds of thousands of citizens are on the verge of disfranchisement who occupies his place without question,and that his official conduct is without reproach,and approved by all parties,while his political vote has been invariably cast with the Republican party is a fact….The nomination of Mr Bruce would culminate the idea of Horace Greely,of Thaddeus Stevens,of Abraham Lincoln,of Chas Sumner,of Ulysses Grant,of Jas G.Blaine,of Jno Sherman,and indeed of the great Republican party and relieve the nation at once of the question of caste in American politics.Horace Greely said of the finance the way to "resume is to resume" and the party should understand that the way to execute the constitution and the laws is to show determination to execute them."
Circular Letter by J.Milton Turner to Republican delegates at the National Convention to nominate a Presidential candidate,May 20,1880
Which of the following severely limited the political progress of individuals like the Republican Senator mentioned in the passage?

A) Supreme Court support for discriminatory laws
B) Activism of African-American reformers
C) Divisions over federal economic policy
D) American assimilationist policies

Question 36

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
Jany 31/89
5 West Fifty-First Street,New York
My Dear Mr.Hitchcock
Yours rec'd - We must begin at once if Hall is to be ready for next winter.
Please let it be understood between us that if upon my return from the South say February 15th you have not succeeded that we consider the idea given up.We have property in view & quite ready to go on & build the Hall Capital all ready-although we will wait on you until Feby 15??.
If we build it will be much farther up town-not below 56th.Would not build upon Madison Square if we have to invest beyond the last 50,000 ft I agreed to take [illegible].Perhaps if your people leased us ground & agreed that our investment for Hall should bear [crossed out: up to illegible] interest upon cost and first net receipts,before ground rent was payable We might consider it-in that case you would have to clear a part from Mortgage & lease to us: but [illegible] increase your investment.
Yours,Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie to Hiram Hitchcock on the construction of a new philanthropic venture,
January 31,1889
Which of the following individuals would likely have provided the most negative viewpoint of men like Carnegie?

A) A union organizer
B) A speech advocating that everyone had the right to become rich
C) A supporter of Social Darwinism
D) A proponent of laissez-faire capitalism

Question 37

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
Jany 31/89
5 West Fifty-First Street,New York
My Dear Mr.Hitchcock
Yours rec'd - We must begin at once if Hall is to be ready for next winter.
Please let it be understood between us that if upon my return from the South say February 15th you have not succeeded that we consider the idea given up.We have property in view & quite ready to go on & build the Hall Capital all ready-although we will wait on you until Feby 15??.
If we build it will be much farther up town-not below 56th.Would not build upon Madison Square if we have to invest beyond the last 50,000 ft I agreed to take [illegible].Perhaps if your people leased us ground & agreed that our investment for Hall should bear [crossed out: up to illegible] interest upon cost and first net receipts,before ground rent was payable We might consider it-in that case you would have to clear a part from Mortgage & lease to us: but [illegible] increase your investment.
Yours,Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie to Hiram Hitchcock on the construction of a new philanthropic venture,
January 31,1889
Carnegie's actions,as shown in this letter,reflected his belief in

A) the Social Gospel
B) Social Darwinism.
C) the Gospel of Wealth.
D) the People's Party.

Question 38

"The sod wall is about 2 feet thick at the ground,and slopes off on the outside to about 14 inches at the top.The roof is composed of a ridge pole and rafters of rough split logs… Occasionally a newcomer has a "bee," and the neighbors for miles around gather at his claim and put up his house in a day… tried a new dodge with the cornmeal.Mixed it with a little water and salt…My supper will be a slice of ham boiled with beans,and a slice of bread.How is that for high toned?..."
Howard Ruede,1877
Which of the following was a direct cause of the migration westward post-Civil War?

A) The Civil War
B) Economic reasons
C) The completion of the transcontinental railroad
D) The Sharecropper Contract

Question 39

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…You should support him,not because he is a negro gentleman,but because his record is consistent.For years he has been the only Republican Senator from the Southern section where the party has lost control,and hundreds of thousands of citizens are on the verge of disfranchisement who occupies his place without question,and that his official conduct is without reproach,and approved by all parties,while his political vote has been invariably cast with the Republican party is a fact….The nomination of Mr Bruce would culminate the idea of Horace Greely,of Thaddeus Stevens,of Abraham Lincoln,of Chas Sumner,of Ulysses Grant,of Jas G.Blaine,of Jno Sherman,and indeed of the great Republican party and relieve the nation at once of the question of caste in American politics.Horace Greely said of the finance the way to "resume is to resume" and the party should understand that the way to execute the constitution and the laws is to show determination to execute them."
Circular Letter by J.Milton Turner to Republican delegates at the National Convention to nominate a Presidential candidate,May 20,1880
Which of the following historical events most directly made possible the circumstances in this excerpt?

A) The Emancipation Proclamation
B) The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
C) The Force Acts
D) The Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 40

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
Jany 31/89
5 West Fifty-First Street,New York
My Dear Mr.Hitchcock
Yours rec'd - We must begin at once if Hall is to be ready for next winter.
Please let it be understood between us that if upon my return from the South say February 15th you have not succeeded that we consider the idea given up.We have property in view & quite ready to go on & build the Hall Capital all ready-although we will wait on you until Feby 15??.
If we build it will be much farther up town-not below 56th.Would not build upon Madison Square if we have to invest beyond the last 50,000 ft I agreed to take [illegible].Perhaps if your people leased us ground & agreed that our investment for Hall should bear [crossed out: up to illegible] interest upon cost and first net receipts,before ground rent was payable We might consider it-in that case you would have to clear a part from Mortgage & lease to us: but [illegible] increase your investment.
Yours,Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie to Hiram Hitchcock on the construction of a new philanthropic venture,
January 31,1889
Which of the following statements is true concerning how Carnegie believed he should spend his fortune?

A) The concept of Social Darwinism was an accepted way to earn money.
B) The rich had a moral obligation to take care of societal needs.
C) The more money one earned the more they deserved.
D) One should live the life of conspicuous consumption.

Question 41

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…They buried him in the midst of a marble quarry-they cut through solid marble to make his grave-and yet a little tombstone they put above him was from Vermont.They buried him in the heart of a pine forest,and yet the pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati…the iron in the shovel that dug his grave was imported from Pittsburg.They buried him by the side of the best sheep-grazing country on earth…and the coffin bands were brought from the North.The South didn't furnish a thing on earth for that funeral but the corpse and the hole in the ground…"
Henry Grady,1889
Which of the following is true concerning the economic condition of the South after the Civil War?

A) The South was politically, socially, and economically depressed.
B) Northerners who came to the South controlled the economics and politics of the South.
C) The North dumped all types of goods into the deprived South.
D) The Southern economy was a rival to the North in production of resources.

Question 42

Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain ONE significant cause of Westward migration during the period from 1845 to 1898.
b)Briefly explain ONE significant economic effect of Westward migration during the period from 1845 to 1898.
c)Briefly explain ONE significant social effect of Westward migration during the period from 1845 to 1898.

Question 43

"…But I am fully convinced that all the suffering of all the negro slaves combined,is as nothing in comparison to that which women,as a whole suffer.Women are as much dependent upon men for their sustenance as were the negroes upon their masters…"
Victoria Woodhull,1871
"It is not motherhood that keeps the housewife on her feet from dawn till dusk;it is house service not child service.Women work harder than most men,and not solely in maternal duties.The savage mother carries most of the burdens,and does all menial service for the tribe."
Charlotte Perkins Gilman,1898
Using the excerpts above,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain why the role of women changed from 1870 to 1898.
b)Briefly explain ONE important similarity in the way both excerpts portray the role of women during this time period.
c)Briefly explain how Americans would have responded critically to these excerpts.

Question 44

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…They buried him in the midst of a marble quarry-they cut through solid marble to make his grave-and yet a little tombstone they put above him was from Vermont.They buried him in the heart of a pine forest,and yet the pine coffin was imported from Cincinnati…the iron in the shovel that dug his grave was imported from Pittsburg.They buried him by the side of the best sheep-grazing country on earth…and the coffin bands were brought from the North.The South didn't furnish a thing on earth for that funeral but the corpse and the hole in the ground…"
Henry Grady,1889
As a result of Reconstruction,

A) the South reverted back to its economic pre-Civil War ways.
B) Southern growth in industry was stifled.
C) most Northerners did not want to invest monies into the South.
D) the South slowly adopted some industry while remaining primarily agricultural.

Question 45

"…The most important effect of the frontier has been in the promotion of democracy here and in Europe…the frontier is a product of individualism.Complex society is precipitated by the wilderness into a kind of primitive organization based on family…The frontier individualism has from the beginning promoted democracy…The democracy born of free land,strong in selfishness and individualism,intolerant of administrative experience and education,and pressing individual liberty beyond its proper bounds,has its dangers as well as its benefits…from the conditions of frontier life came intellectual traits of profound importance…"
Frederick Jackson Turner,"The Significance of the Frontier in American History," 1893
Using the excerpt above,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain ONE American identity resulting from the frontier experience.
b)Briefly explain ONE additional American identity resulting from the frontier experience.
c)Briefly explain how the frontier affected American democracy.

Question 46

DOCUMENT BASED
DBQ Directions
Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
To what extent did new cultural trends lead to social change in America from 1870 to 1900?

Question 47

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Analyze and evaluate how over time the business leaders of the industrial era monopolized their industries.

Question 48

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is no precedent in the history of the world;our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value,which must,within a few weeks or months,be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production…We believe that the power of government -in other words,of the people-should be expanded… as rapidly and as far as the good sense of an intelligent people and the teachings of experience shall justify,to the end that oppression,injustice,and poverty shall eventually cease in the land…."
Preamble of the Populist Platform,1892
The Populist Party emerged from

A) the southerners who came to power after Reconstruction.
B) the grievances of farmers.
C) skilled and unskilled workers.
D) the KKK.

Question 49

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is no precedent in the history of the world;our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value,which must,within a few weeks or months,be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production…We believe that the power of government -in other words,of the people-should be expanded… as rapidly and as far as the good sense of an intelligent people and the teachings of experience shall justify,to the end that oppression,injustice,and poverty shall eventually cease in the land…."
Preamble of the Populist Platform,1892
Which of the following is true of the Populist Party?

A) Their candidate for President was elected in 1896.
B) The government needed to have more control in the politics and economics of the country.
C) They promoted workers to go on strike for better working conditions.
D) They would eventually merge with the Socialist Party.

Question 50

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"…Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is no precedent in the history of the world;our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value,which must,within a few weeks or months,be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production…We believe that the power of government -in other words,of the people-should be expanded… as rapidly and as far as the good sense of an intelligent people and the teachings of experience shall justify,to the end that oppression,injustice,and poverty shall eventually cease in the land…."
Preamble of the Populist Platform,1892
One factor that contributed to the grievances of the Populists was the

A) excessive regulation of the economy by the federal government.
B) lack of available technology for farm production.
C) continued decline in crop prices.
D) decline of the power of the rail roads in the West.

Question 51

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
To what extent did battles between labor and management lead to labor union success in the late 19?? century?

Question 52

DOCUMENT BASED
DBQ Directions
Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
The immigrants that came to the Unites States post-Civil War were both welcomed and unwelcome.Analyze the reasons for the continued and changing attitudes Americans had toward these immigrants from 1865 to 1898.