Question 1

Which of the following types of RNA is most likely to regulate gene transcription and translation?&#10;A)Messenger RNA (mRNA)&#10;B)MicroRNA (miRNA)&#10;C)Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)&#10;D)Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Accepted Answer

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that can bind to messenger RNA (mRNA) and prevent it from being translated into protein. Therefore, miRNA plays a key role in regulating gene expression at the level of both transcription and translation. The other types of RNA listed (mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA) are involved primarily in protein synthesis rather than regulation.

Question 2

During protein synthesis, the transfer RNA binds to how many amino acids at one time?&#10;A)Four&#10;B)One&#10;C)Three&#10;D)Two

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA) binds to only one amino acid at a time during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid that corresponds to a specific codon (three-nucleotide sequence) on the mRNA. The tRNA binds to the codon through its anticodon sequence, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.

Question 3

In which of the following phases of cell replication is DNA synthesis most likely to occur?&#10;A)phase&#10;B)G&#8322; phase&#10;C)M phase&#10;D)S phase

Accepted Answer

DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase of cell replication.

Question 4

In which of the following phases of cell replication is mitosis most likely to occur?&#10;A)G&#8321; phase&#10;B)G&#8322; phase&#10;C)M phase&#10;D)S phase

Accepted Answer

Mitosis occurs during the M phase of the cell cycle, which is specifically dedicated to cell division. The G₁, S, and G₂ phases are stages of interphase, during which the cell grows and duplicates its DNA before entering mitosis.

Question 5

During transcription, the RNA polymerase binds to which of the following?&#10;A)Messenger RNA (mRNA)&#10;B)Promoter sequence&#10;C)Stop sequence&#10;D)Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence to initiate transcription.

Question 6

What is the approximate number of genes in a typical human cell?&#10;A)10,000&#10;B)30,000&#10;C)50,000&#10;D)70,000&#10;E)90,000

Accepted Answer

A typical human cell has approximately 30,000 genes, which are segments of DNA that code for proteins or RNA molecules. This number, however, can vary slightly from person to person and between different cell types.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of DNA polymerase?&#10;A)Initiates synthesis of DNA&#10;B)Initiates synthesis of RNA&#10;C)Proofreads new DNA&#10;D)Proofreads new RNA

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a preexisting template strand. During this process, it also has the ability to proofread and correct any errors that may arise.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an abnormal gene that may lead to cancer?&#10;A)Proto-oncogene&#10;B)Oncogene&#10;C)Anti-oncogene

Accepted Answer

An abnormal gene that may lead to cancer is known as an oncogene. It is a mutated form of a normal gene (proto-oncogene) that can cause the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. Anti-oncogenes (also known as tumor suppressor genes) play a role in preventing the development of cancer by regulating the cell cycle and repairing DNA damage.

Deck 3: Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction