Deck 10: Sexuality and Gender

Question 1

Which of the following female sex organs or processes is present at birth?

A) breasts
B) pubic hair
C) vagina
D) menarche

Answer 1

vagina

Question 2

A person contemplating surgery to alter his or her bodily appearance to that of the opposite sex is thinking about becoming ________.

A) homosexual
B) a transvestite
C) a transsexual
D) an inverted sex role participant

Answer 2

a transsexual

Question 3

When men and women view erotic pictures, the __________ are more strongly activated in men than women.

A) visual cortex and thalamus
B) pons and hindbrain
C) amygdala and hypothalamus
D) hippocampus and cingulate gyrus

Answer 3

amygdala and hypothalamus

Question 4

Traditional views of gender roles are more likely to be found in __________.

A) collectivistic cultures
B) individualistic cultures
C) countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and England
D) Western cultures

Question 5

Research has shown that men tend to talk to each other about __________.

A) private concerns
B) their feelings
C) relationships
D) current events

Question 6

Severe stress experienced by a pregnant woman during __________ trimester might increase the chance of a male child becoming homosexual.

A) the first
B) the second
C) the third
D) any

Question 7

What is the second phase of the sexual response?

A) excitement
B) plateau
C) orgasm
D) resolution

Question 8

Researchers have found that when traditional males, traditional females, and androgynous people are compared in terms of the degree of depression, androgynous people are usually __________.

A) less depressed
B) equally depressed
C) more depressed
D) unfulfilled

Question 9

Alfred Kinsey believed that __________.

A) sexual orientation was an either/or situation
B) sexual orientation was on a continuum
C) sexual orientation was too sensitive to be studied
D) premarital sex was fundamentally destructive to society

Question 10

Which of the following is a male secondary sex characteristic?

A) the penis
B) an enlarged larynx
C) the testicles
D) the prostate gland

Question 11

The abbreviation STI stands for __________.

A) standard transmission of illness
B) sinful transmission of iatrogenesis
C) socially transmitted ilk
D) sexually transmitted infection

Question 12

A foul-smelling, cloudy discharge from the penis and burning upon urination are symptomatic of __________.

A) AIDS
B) syphilis
C) gonorrhea
D) genital herpes

Question 13

AIDS can be transmitted through __________.

A) blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and breast milk
B) blood only
C) tears
D) shaking of hands

Question 14

Gender schema theory is based on __________.

A) Freudian psychoanalysis
B) Piaget's theory of development
C) biological inheritance theory
D) social learning theory

Question 15

Recent studies have shown that cognitive differences between boys and girls __________.

A) are increasing
B) are decreasing
C) are staying the same
D) have decreased then increased

Question 16

Who designed equipment to measure physiological activity during sexual activity?

A) Kinsey
B) Freud
C) Skinner
D) Masters and Johnson

Question 17

Warty growths on the genitalia are caused by __________.

A) human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) bacterial infections
C) yeast infections
D) herpes simplex virus

Question 18

Which cause of a sexually transmitted infection is hardest to treat?

A) bacterial
B) fungal
C) viral
D) non-gonococcal

Question 19

A gender __________ refers to a widely held belief about a person or group of people that is based solely on being male or female.

A) stereotype
B) role
C) norm
D) schema

Question 20

According to the Kinsey report, what percentage of women were predominantly homosexual?

A) between 2 and 6 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 46 percent
D) more than 90 percent

Question 21

Which of the following is a male secondary sex characteristic?

A) the penis
B) a deepening voice
C) the testicles
D) the prostate gland

Question 22

Sex organs and traits that develop at puberty and are only indirectly involved in human reproduction are called __________ sex characteristics.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) pubescent
D) tertiary

Question 23

Female sex organs that are present at birth are called __________ sex characteristics.

A) primary
B) innate
C) secondary
D) hormonally determined

Question 24

__________ refers to the physiological changes in the sex organs and reproductive system that occur during adolescence.

A) Sexual identity assignment
B) Plateau development
C) Male and female menarche
D) Puberty

Question 25

Male sex organs that are present at birth are called __________ sex characteristics.

A) secondary
B) innate
C) primary
D) hormonally determined

Question 26

The growth spurt for girls typically begins at what age?

A) 7-9
B) 10-12
C) 12-14
D) 13-15

Question 27

A 12-year-old girl comes to her mother and says that her classmates have noticed some of the bodily changes she has been experiencing. Most likely the girl is talking about __________.

A) diminishment of primary sex characteristics
B) development of secondary sex characteristics
C) changes in tertiary sex characteristics
D) putting on an unusual amount of weight

Question 28

Which of the following is immediately apparent to doctors and nurses when a baby is born?

A) secondary sex characteristics
B) sex chromosomes
C) primary sex characteristics
D) gender

Question 29

Puberty is defined as the __________.

A) production of hormones in the reproductive glands stimulated by the pituitary gland
B) stage of identity versus role confusion
C) physical changes that occur in the sexual organs and reproductive system
D) time when a child becomes a teenager

Question 30

One example of a female secondary sex characteristic is __________.

A) the vagina
B) the ovaries
C) the uterus
D) breast development

Question 31

Ava and Alexander are fraternal twins born 17 minutes apart. They go through many of life's trials and tribulations together, but if their developmental schedules hold true to average, Ava will start going through her pubescent development approximately __________ her brother.

A) 2 years earlier than
B) 5 years earlier than
C) 3 years later than
D) at the same time as

Question 32

Which of the following is a female primary sex characteristic?

A) breasts
B) pubic hair
C) vagina
D) prostate gland

Question 33

An example of a male secondary sex characteristic is __________.

A) the penis
B) facial and chest hair
C) the testicles
D) the prostate gland

Question 34

One of the primary male sex characteristics is the __________.

A) penis
B) Adam's apple
C) clitoris
D) presence of pubic hair

Question 35

Which of the following female sex organs or processes is present at birth?

A) breasts
B) pubic hair
C) vagina
D) menarche

Question 36

A young boy develops facial and chest hair, pubic hair, and an enlarged Adam's apple. This happens because puberty is stimulating the development of his __________ characteristics.

A) primary sex
B) secondary sex
C) male attachment
D) reproductive signaling

Question 37

The growth spurt for boys typically begins at age __________.

A) 9-11
B) 10-12
C) 12-14
D) 13-15

Question 38

The breasts contain the __________ glands for milk production.

A) prostate
B) thyroid
C) Cowper's
D) mammary

Question 39

One male secondary sex characteristic is __________.

A) the penis
B) an enlarged larynx
C) the testicles
D) the prostate gland

Question 40

The development of pubic hair, though located around the external genitalia that are involved in reproduction, is still considered to be a __________ sex characteristic.

A) tertiary
B) pubescent
C) primary
D) secondary

Question 41

__________ is a biological phenomenon, while __________ is a psychological phenomenon.

A) Sex; gender
B) Gender role; gender stereotype
C) Gender; sex
D) Sex; sex role

Question 42

A person's sense of being a boy or a girl-or a man or a woman-is known as the person's gender __________.

A) stereotype
B) development
C) role
D) identity

Question 43

The primary sex characteristics develop as __________.

A) the embryo is growing in the womb as a result of chromosomes within the embryonic cells and hormonal influences.
B) proper hormones in the mother's milk stimulate the growth of the sex organs
C) the baby is raised as a male or female; the behavioral cues stimulate the baby to release the appropriate male or female hormones and develop as such
D) the fetus reaches the fetal period, any time after 8 weeks

Question 44

Gender __________ is the process by which people learn their culture's preferences and expectations for proper "masculine" and "feminine" behaviors.

A) role
B) identity
C) typing
D) stereotyping

Question 45

A set of physical characteristics that defines individuals as boys and men or girls and women is called __________.

A) gender
B) sex
C) sex characteristics
D) gender stereotypes

Question 46

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the development of the sex organs in a baby?

A) The first sex organs appear far earlier in girls than in boys, since the organs do not require extra tissue for their formation.
B) The first sex organs do not develop until the first 12 weeks of pregnancy are over, which is why pregnant parents cannot find out the gender of the baby until this point.
C) The first sex organs, which are the gonads, are undifferentiated in male and female fetuses for the first month of pregnancy.
D) The first sex organs appear far earlier in boys than in girls, since the organs are external as opposed to internal.

Question 47

The precursors of male sex organs during prenatal development are called the __________ ducts.

A) Müllerian
B) Wolffian
C) Gilligan
D) estrogenous

Question 48

Which hormone is the primary determinant of whether a baby will develop male or female external genitalia?

A) progesterone
B) human chorionic gonadotropin
C) testosterone
D) estrogen

Question 49

During puberty, males typically experience spermarche at approximately what age?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16

Question 50

What is the incidence of children born as intersex individuals?

A) about 0.2 percent
B) about 0.9 percent
C) about 1.1 percent
D) about 1.7 percent

Question 51

How many of the 46 chromosomes ultimately determine one's sex?

A) five
B) three
C) one
D) zero

Question 52

A culture's expectation of masculine and feminine behaviors can be defined as __________.

A) homosexual
B) heterosexual
C) gender roles
D) gender typing

Question 53

A person who is described as intersex is a(n) __________.

A) individual who is born with ambiguous sex organs
B) individual who is surgically reassigned at birth so that he or she seems to be of the sex opposite to what is expected from the chromosomes
C) individual with normal body development who cannot decide whether to act as a male or a female
D) homosexual

Question 54

Expectations about the way men and women behave are called gender __________.

A) roles
B) norms
C) mores
D) schemas

Question 55

The onset of the production of sperm cells in males, which occurs at a little over 14 years of age, is called __________.

A) the climacteric
B) semenarche
C) menarche
D) spermarche

Question 56

The __________ system is to boys as the __________ system is to girls.

A) Wolffian; Müllerian
B) Stausberg; Flynn
C) Müllerian; Wolffian
D) Flynn; Stausberg

Question 57

Sela is pregnant with her first child, and she is deliriously happy. She and her husband, Ethan, have some tests taken, but before the doctor can come in and review the results, Ethan sneaks a peek at the file with the test results. He sees that the baby has "two X chromosomes." He looks at his wife and says, __________.

A) "Congratulations, honey, we're having a boy!"
B) "Congratulations, honey, it looks like we are having twins!"
C) "Congratulations, honey, we're having a girl!"
D) "Congratulations, honey, I need to take a biology class!"

Question 58

How many genes found on the Y chromosome trigger the testes to produce testosterone?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 59

The development of the __________ system is caused by the secretion of __________ during the prenatal development.

A) Wolffian; estrogens
B) Müllerian; testosterone
C) Wolffian; testosterone
D) Müllerian; progesterones

Question 60

The precursors of female sex organs during prenatal development form the __________ system.

A) Müllerian
B) Wolffian
C) Gilligan
D) estrogenous

Question 61

Jamie was born with an XY chromosome type, and he has the external genitalia of a male. However, for the better part of his life, he has felt like he was supposed to be a woman. He has always identified more with feminine clothes, behaviors, and emotions. According to your text, Jamie's chromosomal makeup and primary sex characteristics would label him __________.

A) female
B) with a sexual disorder
C) as intersex
D) a male

Question 62

When children observe their same-sex parent behaving in certain ways and imitate that behavior, a psychologist uses which theory to explain the situation?

A) Freudian psychoanalysis
B) Piaget's theory of development
C) gender schema theory
D) social learning theory

Question 63

Based on the studies of infant girls who were exposed to androgens before birth, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) In these studies, the girls were found to be more interested in "boy" toys during early childhood.
B) In these studies, the girls were found to prefer feminine activities during early childhood.
C) In these studies, the majority of the girls grew up to be lesbians.
D) In these studies, there were no noticeable effects of the androgen exposure.

Question 64

Which term has the most negative connotation in our culture?

A) tomboy
B) sissy
C) masculine
D) feminine

Question 65

Which of the following is the BEST description of a "winkte" individual?

A) bisexual transsexual
B) homosexual female
C) a person with two spirits
D) intersex

Question 66

For as long as she can remember, 15-year-old Kiara has felt that she is a "boy trapped in a girl's body." This situation has caused Kiara intense distress, and she has wrestled with symptoms of depression centering around her own identity. She is learning about sexual reassignment surgery from her mother, who supports her daughter after taking Kiara to a doctor who diagnosed her as having gender __________.

A) role disorder
B) dysphoria
C) confusion disorder
D) denial disorder

Question 67

Studies of genetically male children with ambiguous genitalia who were surgically altered and raised as girls found that __________.

A) almost all of them were happy that they were raised as females
B) they preferred to play with feminine toys such as dolls
C) half acted more like boys and half acted more like girls
D) they preferred masculine play activities

Question 68

When men and women view erotic pictures, the __________ are more strongly activated in men than women.

A) visual cortex and thalamus
B) pons and hindbrain
C) amygdala and hypothalamus
D) hippocampus and cingulate gyrus

Question 69

Matt feels that he was meant to be a woman, even though he is a man. This disconnection between Matt's sex and gender causes him intense distress. He is contemplating surgery to alter his bodily appearance to that of a woman. Matt might be suffering from a disorder known as __________.

A) feminine status disorder
B) male misidentity disorder
C) inverted sex role syndrome
D) gender dysphoria

Question 70

Jamie was born with an XY chromosome type, and he has the external genitalia of a male. However, for the better part of his life, he has felt like he was supposed to be a woman. He has always identified more with feminine clothes, behaviors, and emotions. New surgical and medical techniques will now allow Jamie to take which of the following courses of action?

A) He will be able to alter his body to match his gender.
B) He will be able to alter his gender to match his body.
C) He will be able to make changes to his external appearance, even though his physical attributes will not change.
D) He will have only the option of taking hormone pills or injections, unless he wants to travel to Europe, which is the only continent where sex reassignment surgery is practiced.

Question 71

Social __________ theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of models in the process of gender-role development.

A) acquisition
B) gender
C) learning
D) cognitive

Question 72

People with gender __________ feel that they were born into the body of the wrong sex and have a strong identification with the opposite gender, as well as a feeling of intense subjective distress over the inconsistency in their different identities.

A) development disorder
B) establishment errors
C) dysphoria
D) androgyny

Question 73

Jamie was born with an XY chromosome type, and he has the external genitalia of a male. However, for the better part of his life, he has felt like he was supposed to be a woman. He has always identified more with feminine clothes, behaviors, and emotions. According to your text, Jamie has a female __________.

A) problem
B) gender identity
C) sex
D) secondary sex characteristic

Question 74

A person contemplating surgery to alter his or her bodily appearance to that of the opposite sex is thinking about becoming __________.

A) homosexual
B) a transvestite
C) a transsexual
D) an inverted sex role participant

Question 75

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the studies of girls who were exposed to androgens before birth?

A) When the girls grew up, they became more typically "female" in their desire for marriage and motherhood.
B) The girls were found to prefer feminine activities during early childhood.
C) The majority of the girls grew up to be lesbians.
D) There were no noticeable effects of the androgen exposure.

Question 76

Countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and England are more likely to have __________.

A) nontraditional views of gender
B) a collectivistic society
C) very constrained roles for women in society
D) a strong tradition of women staying home and caring for the children

Question 77

According to research, infant girls who were exposed to androgens were found to be more likely to __________.

A) have a very "feminine" childhood and prefer to play with dolls
B) be "tomboys" during their childhood, but ultimately grew up to be more "typically female" in adulthood with a desire for marriage and motherhood
C) be "feminine" during their childhood, but grew up to be more "typically male" in adulthood and less emotional than other women
D) have a very "masculine" attitude in adulthood despite their sex

Question 78

According to fMRI images taken when both men and women were shown erotic images, researchers found that the amygdala and hypothalamus areas of the limbic system were __________.

A) more strongly active in men than women
B) more strongly active in women than men
C) equally active in both men and women
D) more active for women during their menstrual cycle

Question 79

The enhanced brain response of men to erotic images may be due to __________.

A) the early male's need to identify sexually receptive females
B) the large occipital lobes of the male brain
C) males' socialization to be sexually aggressive
D) females having developed a learned stimulus for sexual arousal

Question 80

Traditional views of gender roles are more likely to be found in __________.

A) collectivistic cultures
B) individualistic cultures
C) countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and England
D) the United States