Deck 2: The Biological Perspective

Question 1

Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain?

A) occipital lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Answer 1

occipital lobe

Question 2

Which of the following is the upper part of the brain consisting of two cerebral hemispheres and the structures that connect them?

A) occipital lobe
B) cerebrum
C) corpus callosum
D) cerebellum

Answer 2

cerebrum

Question 3

Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons?

A) motor neurons
B) interneurons
C) sensory neurons
D) reflexes

Answer 3

interneurons

Question 4

__________ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles to contract.

A) Acetylcholine
B) GABA
C) Dopamine
D) Endorphin

Question 5

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal is called the __________ nervous system.

A) central
B) somatic
C) sympathetic
D) parasympathetic

Question 6

Which of the following is/are functions of the right hemisphere?

A) perception, expression of emotions, and recognition of patterns
B) sense of time and rhythm
C) speech, handwriting, and calculation
D) language processing in most individuals

Question 7

The __________ is the part of the brain responsible for the formation of long-term memories.

A) amygdala
B) hypothalamus
C) fornix
D) hippocampus

Question 8

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called __________.

A) axons
B) nerve bundles
C) dendrites
D) synapses

Question 9

Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the __________ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) somatic
C) parasympathetic
D) autonomic

Question 10

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the __________ and __________.

A) brain; spinal cord
B) autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system
C) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
D) glands; muscles

Question 11

Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses, makes sense out of it, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?

A) spinal cord
B) brain
C) reflexes
D) interneurons

Question 12

The point at which the nerves from the left side of the body cross over into the right side of the brain, and vice versa, is the __________.

A) reticular activating system
B) pons
C) medulla
D) cerebellum

Question 13

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

A) axon
B) soma
C) dendrite
D) cell membrane

Question 14

The area of the frontal lobe that is devoted to the production of fluent speech is __________ area.

A) Broca's
B) Gall's
C) Wernicke's
D) Korsakoff's

Question 15

Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse?

A) synaptic vesicles
B) synaptic nodes
C) terminal buttons
D) synaptic gaps

Question 16

The hormone released by the pineal gland that reduces body temperature and prepares you for sleep is __________.

A) melatonin
B) DHEA
C) parathormone
D) thyroxin

Question 17

What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information?

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) cerebellum
D) pituitary gland

Question 18

A brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain is called __________.

A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
B) electroencephalography (EEG)
C) positron emission tomography (PET)
D) computed tomography (CT)

Question 19

Which of the following regions contains the primary visual cortex?

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) occipital lobe

Question 20

Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands?

A) thyroid
B) adrenal
C) thymus
D) pituitary

Question 21

The function of the __________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body.

A) soma
B) synapse
C) nervous system
D) endorphins

Question 22

The nervous system is defined as __________.

A) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body
B) a specialized cell that makes up the brain and nervous system
C) all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run throughout the body itself
D) a gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone

Question 23

The branch of life sciences that involves the structure and function of the brain and nervous system is called __________.

A) neuroscience
B) bioscience
C) brain scientology
D) neurostemology

Question 24

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called __________.

A) axons
B) nerve bundles
C) dendrites
D) synapses

Question 25

Which of the following BEST represents the order in which a neuron receives and transmits information?

A) dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals
B) axon terminals, dendrites, cell body, axon
C) cell body, dendrites, axon terminals, axon
D) axon, cell body, dendrites, axon terminals

Question 26

By what other name is a soma called?

A) axon
B) cell body
C) dendrite
D) cell membrane

Question 27

The part of the neuron whose name literally means "branch" is __________.

A) axon
B) dendrite
C) myelin
D) soma

Question 28

The branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning is called __________.

A) biological psychology
B) bioscience
C) brain scientology
D) neurostemology

Question 29

Which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?

A) soma
B) axon
C) dendrite
D) cell membrane

Question 30

__________ receive messages from other neurons and __________ send messages to other neurons.

A) Axons; dendrites
B) Axon; soma
C) Soma; glial cells
D) Dendrites; axons

Question 31

Your psychology teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer?

A) dendrites, axon, soma, synaptic knob
B) terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendrites
C) axon, soma, dendrites, synaptic knob
D) dendrites, soma, axon, synaptic knob

Question 32

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

A) axon
B) soma
C) dendrite
D) cell membrane

Question 33

What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon?

A) synaptic vesicles
B) axons
C) dendrites
D) synaptic knobs

Question 34

What term is used to describe the bulbs located at the end of the axon?

A) axon terminals
B) synaptic vesicles
C) synapses
D) receptor sites

Question 35

Dendrite is to axon as __________.

A) send is to receive
B) send is to regulate
C) receive is to send
D) receive is to release

Question 36

A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to provide insulation and structure for neurons on which they may develop and work is called a(n) __________.

A) epidermal cell
B) adipose cell
C) glial cell
D) myelin sheath

Question 37

What are two roles of glial cells?

A) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons
B) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place
C) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors
D) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain

Question 38

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the __________.

A) axon
B) cell membrane
C) dendrite
D) soma

Question 39

A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a __________.

A) glial cell
B) neuron
C) cell body
D) myelin sheath

Question 40

The function of the neuron's axon is to __________.

A) carry messages to other cells
B) regulate the neuron's life processes
C) receive messages from neighboring neurons
D) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses

Question 41

The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called __________.

A) axon terminals
B) synapses
C) synaptic vesicles
D) receptor sites

Question 42

The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the __________.

A) myelin sheath
B) axon
C) synapse
D) synaptic vesicle

Question 43

When a cell is "at rest," it is in a state called the __________.

A) stopping point
B) obcipitation junction
C) resting potential
D) action potential

Question 44

The charge that a neuron at rest maintains is due to the presence of a high number of __________ charged ions inside the neuron's membrane.

A) actively
B) passively
C) negatively
D) positively

Question 45

A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a __________.

A) glial cell
B) neurotransmitter
C) precursor cell
D) synapse

Question 46

When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) __________ fashion, as there is no such thing as "partial" firing.

A) all-or-none
B) rapid fire
C) accidental patterned
D) quick successioned

Question 47

Which of the following are tiny sacs in an axon terminal that release chemicals into the synapse?

A) synaptic vesicles
B) synaptic nodes
C) terminal buttons
D) synaptic gaps

Question 48

What do we call the state of a neuron when it is NOT firing a neural impulse?

A) action potential
B) resting potential
C) myelination signal
D) transmission impulse

Question 49

One purpose of __________ is to speed up the neural message traveling down the axon.

A) the receptor site
B) axon terminals
C) myelin
D) a synaptic vesicle

Question 50

A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called a __________.

A) synaptic vesicle
B) nerve
C) neurilemma
D) myelinated pathway

Question 51

Two specialized types of glial cells are called __________ and __________.

A) occipital; lobitical
B) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells
C) occipital; Schwann
D) oligodendrocytes; lobitical

Question 52

What is the function of myelin?

A) to serve as a structure for neurons
B) to monitor neural activity
C) to speed up the neural impulse
D) to produce neurotransmitters

Question 53

Which of the following statements about myelin is TRUE?

A) It is made of a fatty substance.
B) It is covered by axons.
C) It inhibits neural communication.
D) It slows down neuronal operations.

Question 54

When the electrical potential in a cell is in action versus a resting state, this electrical charge reversal is known as the __________.

A) resting potential
B) excitation reaction
C) action potential
D) permeable reaction

Question 55

The term "fire" when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron __________.

A) has become less positive in charge
B) has received, in its dendrites, appropriate inputs from other neurons
C) is unable to transmit information to another neuron
D) has become more negative in charge

Question 56

The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is NOT firing is referred to as the __________.

A) action potential
B) quiet potential
C) synaptic potential
D) resting potential

Question 57

The term neurotransmitter refers to __________.

A) a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse
B) any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system
C) the chemical substance found in the cell membrane
D) the DNA contained in the nucleus of every neuron

Question 58

A nerve is a group of __________ bundled together.

A) axons
B) interneurons
C) dendrites
D) glial cells

Question 59

The fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the __________.

A) receptor site
B) synapse
C) synaptic knob
D) axon terminal

Question 60

During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is __________ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

A) positive compared to
B) larger than
C) negative compared to
D) smaller than

Question 61

Tristan has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Tristan is experiencing?

A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine

Question 62

Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and heroin are able to lock into receptor sites for __________.

A) GABA
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) endorphins

Question 63

Enzymatic degradation is the process by which an excess of a neurotransmitter called __________ is removed from synapses. Other neurotransmitters can be removed via the process of reuptake.

A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) norepinephrine
D) acetylcholine

Question 64

GABA functions as __________.

A) the major neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movements
B) an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
C) the neurotransmitter responsible for slowing intestinal activity during stress
D) the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Question 65

Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite?

A) GABA
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Question 66

Curare, a poison, works by __________.

A) blocking receptor sites and acting as an antagonist for acetylcholine
B) stimulating the release of excessive amounts of acetylcholine
C) stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
D) inhibiting the production of inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 67

Insertion into the brain of a thin insulated wire through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire is called __________.

A) lesioning
B) ESB
C) EEG
D) CT scanning

Question 68

Agonist is to antagonist as __________.

A) neuromodulator is to neurotransmitter
B) reuptake is to receptor
C) mimic is to block
D) block is to mimic

Question 69

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

A) synapses
B) receptor sites
C) neural chiasms
D) response terminals

Question 70

Casey is putting mustard on her hot dog. She realizes she has put too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle. This process is similar to __________.

A) the action potential
B) receptor site bindings
C) binding specificity
D) reuptake

Question 71

The effect of alcohol is to enhance the effect of __________, which causes the general inhibition of the nervous system associated with getting drunk.

A) GABA
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Question 72

After being bitten by a black widow spider, Ling starts to convulse. This is a result of a __________.

A) lack of GABA being released into her bloodstream
B) resurgence of neurotransmitters overstimulating her brain stem
C) surge of chemicals blocking the transmission of fluids to the spinal cord
D) flood of acetylcholine releasing into the body's muscle system

Question 73

Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called __________.

A) neural regulators
B) histamines
C) androgens
D) endorphins

Question 74

__________ are three-dimensional proteins on the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.

A) Neurotransmitters
B) Axons
C) Synaptic vesicles
D) Receptor sites

Question 75

__________ synapses make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas __________ synapses make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.

A) Excitatory; inhibitory
B) Inhibitory; excitatory
C) Augmentation; depletion
D) Depletion; augmentation

Question 76

How is acetylcholine removed from the synapse?

A) It is broken down by an enzyme.
B) It is taken back up in the synapse.
C) It dissipates in the surrounding body fluids.
D) Acetylcholine is one of the few neurotransmitters that is continually present in the synapse.

Question 77

__________ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles to contract.

A) Acetylcholine
B) GABA
C) Dopamine
D) Endorphin

Question 78

Reuptake is __________.

A) a chemical that is released into the synaptic gap
B) a protein molecule on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters
C) a process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles
D) a chemical that plays a role in learning and attention

Question 79

Peyton has been experiencing a serious memory problem. An interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?

A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine

Question 80

Endorphins are __________.

A) found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
B) less powerful than enkephalins
C) pain-controlling chemicals
D) radically different in function from neurotransmitters