Question 1

In McClesky v Kemp the Supreme Court held that the Baldus study showed that race was _____ the imposition of the death penalty.&#10;A) attributable to&#10;B) correlated with&#10;C) a factor in&#10;D) not a factor in

Accepted Answer

In McClesky v Kemp, the Supreme Court held that the Baldus study demonstrated that race was "correlated with" the imposition of the death penalty. The study showed that defendants in Georgia who killed white victims were 4.3 times more likely to receive the death penalty than defendants who killed black victims, and that defendants whose victims were both black and white were 11 times more likely to receive the death penalty than defendants whose victims were all white. The Court acknowledged that this racial disparity was "statistically significant," but held that it did not prove intentional discrimination and was therefore not unconstitutional.

Question 2

American courts are organized hierarchically.

Accepted Answer

This means that there is a system of higher and lower courts, where decisions of higher courts can overrule decisions of lower courts.

Question 3

The application of social justice hinges on strict adherence to the rule of law.

Accepted Answer

Social justice involves the fair and just relation between the individual and society, and while the rule of law can support social justice, it does not solely hinge on it. Social justice also requires addressing systemic inequalities, which may involve reforming existing laws or creating new frameworks beyond strict legal adherence.

Question 4

Throughout the history of the Supreme Court it's members have been drawn from the _________ of society.&#10;A) most righteous&#10;B) morally upstanding&#10;C) upper classes&#10;D) hardest working

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has traditionally been composed of individuals from the upper classes, including prominent lawyers, academics, and political figures. This has been due in part to the expectation that Supreme Court justices possess a certain level of education, expertise, and social standing. While moral uprightness and hard work are certainly valued qualities, they are not the sole criteria for selecting justices to the Supreme Court.

Question 5

Following the Civil War, American Courts were required to adjust from ________ based court system to one better suited for the Gilded Age.&#10;A) an agrarian&#10;B) an industrial&#10;C) a corrupt&#10;D) formal

Accepted Answer

Following the Civil War, American courts needed to transition from an agrarian-based court system, which was primarily focused on agricultural society's needs, to a system that could address the complexities of the Gilded Age, characterized by rapid industrialization and urbanization.

Question 6

During the radical trials of the 1960's, defendants challenged the court system by&#10;A) directing verbal attacks toward judges&#10;B) ignoring proceedings&#10;C) reverse traditional roles&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Defendants in the radical trials of the 1960's challenged the court system by directing verbal attacks toward judges, ignoring proceedings, and reversing traditional roles. They did all of the above.

Question 7

A common perception of the American court system is that they are institutions where ordinary citizens can go to have &#34;justice served.&#34;

Accepted Answer

This is a common perception of the American court system, although the reality is often more complex and can be influenced by factors such as wealth, race, and gender.

Question 8

_______ constitute the largest proportion of those arrested for drug crimes.&#10;A) youths&#10;B) African-Americans&#10;C) whites&#10;D) blue collar workers

Accepted Answer

African-Americans are disproportionately represented in drug crime arrests, despite similar rates of drug use among racial groups.

Question 9

Lawyers are often steeped in &#34;legalese.&#34; As a result, their efforts at justice are constrained by the search for a ________ remedy.&#10;A) legal&#10;B) extralegal&#10;C) logical&#10;D) socially just

Accepted Answer

Lawyers are heavily focused on the legal aspects of a case, and therefore their efforts towards justice are limited by the boundaries of the law. The legal remedy is the most appropriate option in this case, as it is the only one that aligns with the lawyer's primary objective.

Question 10

When local governments sign contracts to provide legal services for the poor this is known as _____.&#10;A) the contract system&#10;B) competent attorney standard&#10;C) sui generis&#10;D) The Wainwright standard

Accepted Answer

The given scenario describes the concept of local governments signing contracts to provide legal services for the poor. This is known as the contract system. The competent attorney standard refers to the requirement that defense attorneys meet a minimum level of skill and knowledge in criminal cases. Sui generis means "unique" or "special" and is not applicable here. The Wainwright standard refers to the Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright which established that every criminal defendant has the right to an attorney, even if they cannot afford one.

Question 11

The &#34;War on Drugs&#34; is an example of a _______ response to substance use.&#10;A) rehabilitative&#10;B) effective&#10;C) deterrent&#10;D) legalistic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The &#34;War on Drugs&#34; is an example...

Question 12

The American court system is the entry point for individuals to the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The American court system is the entry...

Question 13

The &#34;get tough&#34; stance against criminals presumed that the criminal justice system was ______ on criminals.&#10;A) too lenient&#10;B) effective&#10;C) too hard&#10;D) unenforceable

Accepted Answer

The answer of The &#34;get tough&#34; stance against criminals presumed...

Question 14

The _____ of sentences has increased for African Americans since the War on Drugs began.&#10;A) severity&#10;B) leniency&#10;C) commutation&#10;D) both b and c

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ of sentences has increased for...

Question 15

Courts attempt to solve disputes which occur as the result of inequality. As such, courts attempt to solve a ______ problem by _______ individuals.&#10;A) community; community policing&#10;B) social; punishing&#10;C) racial; incarcerating&#10;D) monetary; fining

Accepted Answer

The answer of Courts attempt to solve disputes which occur...

Question 16

Three Strikes and You're Out legislation in California has _______.&#10;A) had no impact on crime&#10;B) locked up menial criminals&#10;C) been applied unevenly across jurisdictions&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three Strikes and You're Out legislation in...

Question 17

A seeming contradiction in the bail system, is that some defendants can ______.&#10;A) get their charges dropped&#10;B) buy their freedom&#10;C) get better cell conditions&#10;D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A seeming contradiction in the bail system,...

Question 18

Modern day courts have their roots in colonial society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Modern day courts have their roots in...

Question 19

______ offender laws target criminals with three or more _______ convictions.&#10;A) habitual; felony&#10;B) transient; vagrancy&#10;C) habitual; violent&#10;D) drug; DUI

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ offender laws target criminals with three...

Question 20

Whipping, the stocks and the pillory are all forms of _________ punishment.&#10;A) integrative&#10;B) public&#10;C) branding&#10;D) third world

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whipping, the stocks and the pillory are...

Question 21

Courts in Colonial America dealt strictly with property crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Courts in Colonial America dealt strictly with...

Question 22

How did colonial courts differ from contemporary American courts?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did colonial courts differ from contemporary...

Question 23

Prosecutors are viewed as &#34;gatekeepers&#34; of the court system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prosecutors are viewed as &#34;gatekeepers&#34; of the...

Question 24

How and when did the legal profession come to be dominated by the wealthy and powerful?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How and when did the legal profession...

Question 25

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court held that defendants were not necessarily guaranteed right to counsel in court proceedings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme...

Question 26

The 14th Amendment was successfully used to protect the interests of individual citizens against the wealthy and corporations in the Gilded Age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 14th Amendment was successfully used to...

Question 27

How was religion woven into legal codes during colonial times?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How was religion woven into legal codes...

Question 28

How does social justice differ from justice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does social justice differ from justice?...

Question 29

What do the Salem witch trials exemplify regarding American Court systems?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do the Salem witch trials exemplify...

Question 30

The &#34;War on Drugs&#34; has been successful in battling the growing incidence of drug abuse in America. Short

Accepted Answer

The answer of The &#34;War on Drugs&#34; has been successful...

Deck 3: Processing the Dangerous Classes: The American Court System