Deck 28: Affluence and Its Discontents, 1953-1963

Question 1

____ overthrew Fulgencio Batista and became the Communist ruler of Cuba.

A) Venito Sandino
B) Fidel Castro
C) Che Guevara
D) Daniel Ortega
E) Jose Marti

Answer 1

Fidel Castro

Question 2

The president of South Vietnam during the Eisenhower and Kennedy years was

A) Ho Chi Minh.
B) Mao Tse Tung.
C) Ngo Dinh Diem.
D) Bao Di.
E) Jiang Jieshi

Answer 2

Ngo Dinh Diem.

Question 3

The founders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference included

A) Stokely Carmichael.
B) Malcolm X.
C) Orval Faubus.
D) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
E) Strom Thurmond.

Answer 3

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 4

According to President Eisenhower in 1961, the greatest danger to the United States was

A) communism.
B) Latin American revolutions.
C) the Soviet Union.
D) the military-industrial complex.
E) Middle Eastern terrorists.

Question 5

The 1957 Gaither Report advocated

A) a substantial cutback in federal military spending.
B) an immediate increase in federal military spending.
C) no changes in military spending.
D) the complete militarization of U.S. society.
E) the elimination of the military.

Question 6

The Communist leader of the Vietnamese war for independence from France was

A) Mao Tse Tung.
B) Ho Chi Minh.
C) Ngo Dinh Diem.
D) Jiang Jieshi.
E) Chen Chang.

Question 7

After great deliberation during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, President Kennedy ultimately ordered Cuba to be

A) bombed.
B) annexed.
C) quarantined.
D) ignored.
E) invaded.

Question 8

The canals built by the federal government in the west

A) produced no ecological problems, they actually corrected many.
B) were inexpensive to build.
C) provided trillions of gallons of water.
D) gave local governments greater economic and political control in the area.
E) benefitted small farmers most.

Question 9

The civil rights group most involved in the "freedom rides" of the Kennedy presidency was the

A) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
B) Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
C) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
D) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).
E) Black Panthers.

Question 10

The president first associated with the idea of "flexible response" was

A) Harry Truman.
B) John F. Kennedy.
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower.
D) Lyndon B. Johnson.
E) Richard Nixon.

Question 11

The Eisenhower Doctrine can best be described as

A) an attempt to defend Middle Eastern countries from Communist aggression.
B) an attempt to defend Latin American countries from Communist aggression.
C) an attempt to defend Western Europe from Communist aggression.
D) an attempt to defend Asia from Communist aggression.
E) the end of the Cold War.

Question 12

Eisenhower's "New Look" argued that

A) the government had to pump more money into the domestic economy.
B) Washington had to take a leading role in the struggle for equal rights.
C) the defense of the United States would rely less on ground forces and more on cheaper air power.
D) federal intervention in the economy would cease.
E) the federal government should subsidize the fashion industry.

Question 13

The U.S. corporation that worked closely with the CIA to undermine the Guatemalan government in 1954 was

A) IBM.
B) Westinghouse.
C) Coca-Cola.
D) Ford Motor Company.
E) United Fruit Company.

Question 14

The policy of "flexible response" in Vietnam resulted in

A) using Green Berets as counterinsurgency forces.
B) employing social scientists to help in the process of "nation-building."
C) revamping South Vietnam's internal security forces.
D) sending 11,000 U.S. troops as advisors to the South Vietnamese military.
E) all of these choices.

Question 15

The black patron who in 1955 refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus to a white patron was

A) Rosa Parks.
B) Coretta Scott King.
C) Marian Anderson.
D) Fannie Lou Hamer.
E) Ella Fitzgerald.

Question 16

Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech at the

A) Montgomery, Alabama statehouse.
B) steps of the U.S. Capital.
C) 1968 Democratic Convention.
D) United Nations General Assembly.
E) steps of the Lincoln Memorial.

Question 17

The program that sent Americans overseas to work on developmental projects was the

A) Green Berets.
B) Peace Corps.
C) Green Peace.
D) Jobs Corps.
E) Volunteer Corps.

Question 18

The government effort to return illegal Mexican immigrants to Mexico was known as Operation

A) Return.
B) Rio Grande.
C) Wetback.
D) Red, White, and Blue.
E) Bracero.

Question 19

The 1950s political science doctrine which argued that interest groups would hold countervailing power to giant corporations was called

A) capitalist autocracy.
B) socialism.
C) pluralism.
D) political power elites.
E) economic democracy.

Question 20

In 1961, a U.S.-backed Cuban military force attempting to overthrow Fidel Castro was defeated at

A) the Bay of Cows.
B) Guantanamo Bay.
C) Havana.
D) the Bay of Pigs.
E) the Bay of Naples.

Question 21

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. proposed to end segregation through

A) violent confrontation.
B) compromise and accommodation.
C) nonviolent direct action.
D) interracial marriage.
E) Supreme Court rulings.

Question 22

The development of space technology was most important for which of the following?

A) National pride
B) Economic growth in new industries
C) Having an educational edge
D) The military implications
E) Exploration and colonization

Question 23

The key political spokesperson for the new conservatism was

A) Barry Goldwater.
B) Richard Nixon.
C) John F. Kennedy.
D) Richard Dulles.
E) Robert McNamara.

Question 24

In the 1950s, U.S. policy in Latin America

A) initiated social and economic reforms.
B) encouraged and supported the spread of democracy.
C) often supported military dictatorships that suppressed leftist movements.
D) withdrew support from oppressive regimes.
E) supported Communist regimes.

Question 25

Eisenhower's administration fought communism by all the following means except

A) increasing the size and power of the CIA.
B) giving economic aid to friendly nations.
C) funding Radio Free Europe, Voice of America, Radio Asia, and other propaganda agencies.
D) threatening the Soviet Union with nuclear attack if U.S. security were threatened.
E) refusing to support any government that did not have democratic principles.

Question 26

Economist John Kenneth Galbraith asserted that the

A) gap between the rich and the poor in the United States was widening.
B) real wages of workers were declining.
C) United States government had been infiltrated by Communists.
D) level of poverty dropped to less than two percent.
E) U.S. consumer society was creating an affluent lifestyle for the masses

Question 27

Rock 'n' roll music

A) signified the development of a consumer-oriented, middle-class youth culture in the United States.
B) was a sinister Communist plot to corrupt American society.
C) was the first musical style to appeal equally to all generations of Americans.
D) promoted segregation by culturally dividing ethnic minorities from mainstream society.
E) was imported from Europe.

Question 28

Eisenhower's American Indian policy included

A) violent suppression of resistance.
B) forced removal of Indians to South and Central America.
C) increased federal aid.
D) a constitutional amendment awarding civil rights to Indians.
E) the termination of reservations and tribal states

Question 29

The Chief Justice who wrote the decision in Brown v. Board of Education was

A) Warren Burger.
B) Earl Warren.
C) Louis Brandeis.
D) Felix Frankfurter.
E) William Howard Taft.

Question 30

During the 1950s and Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency, the

A) United States rejected its former role as protector of the free world.
B) United States economy fell into a prolonged economic recession.
C) United States experienced a period of economic growth and affluence.
D) domestic programs of the Roosevelt and Truman eras were completely eliminated.
E) Bay of Pigs invasion failed.

Question 31

John F. Kennedy's foreign policy included all of the following except

A) strong support for West Berlin.
B) economic sanctions and assassination plots directed at Cuba.
C) establishment of a direct phone line between Washington and Moscow to prevent nuclear war.
D) a proposal to pull American advisors out of Vietnam.
E) creation of the Peace Corps.

Question 32

Nikita Khrushchev

A) was the Soviet leader who built the Berlin Wall and put nuclear missiles in Cuba.
B) greatly admired John F. Kennedy and personally attended Kennedy's funeral.
C) refused to meet with any U.S. leaders and cut off diplomatic relations with the United States.
D) was the first Russian leader to be educated in the West and to be fluent in English.
E) launched the Korean War.

Question 33

The National Liberation Front in Vietnam was

A) a group of South Vietnamese nationalists and Communists who opposed the Diem government.
B) an organization of pro-French colonialists who supported the return of French rule.
C) a Christian missionary group dedicated to liberating Vietnam from Buddhism.
D) an anti-Communist movement in North Vietnam.
E) a women's rights organization.

Question 34

French involvement in Vietnam ended with their defeat at

A) Laos.
B) Tet.
C) Saigon.
D) Dien Bien Phu.
E) Cambodia.

Question 35

Which of the following was not part of the 1950s domestic scene?

A) The federal government funded the construction of an interstate system of high-speed expressways.
B) Billions of dollars were allocated for water projects in western states.
C) Labor unions became increasingly militant and violent.
D) U.S. companies dominated both the national and international marketplaces.
E) White Americans moved to the suburbs in large numbers.

Question 36

John F. Kennedy's popularity was based on his

A) success in getting Congress to pass every bill he asked for.
B) mild, diplomatic approach to the Cold War.
C) reputation as a deeply religious, Protestant family man.
D) image as an intelligent, charming, youthful leader.
E) rags-to-riches personal story.

Question 37

The author of The Feminine Mystique (1963) was

A) Betty Friedan.
B) Gloria Steinem.
C) Phyllis Schlafly.
D) Andrea Dworkin.
E) Eleanor Roosevelt.

Question 38

U.S. religious life in the 1950s was characterized by

A) a decline in church membership.
B) a growth in and dominance of the Catholic Church.
C) the spread of anti-Semitism.
D) an emphasis on a pluralistic faith in the Judeo-Christian tradition.
E) unusual growth of the Jewish faith.

Question 39

The person accused of assassinating President John F. Kennedy was

A) James Earl Ray.
B) Lee Harvey Oswald.
C) Jack Ruby.
D) Sirhan Sirhan.
E) Lyndon Johnson.

Question 40

Social critics of the 1950s portrayed the United States as a society of

A) rugged individualists.
B) "other-directed" conformists.
C) "inner-directed" rebels.
D) semiliterate comic-book readers.
E) violent rebels.

Question 41

President Eisenhower supported the Highway Act of 1956 based on

A) its positive impact on the automobile industry.
B) national security considerations.
C) its role in creating jobs.
D) the need to spend the government surplus.
E) his bid for reelection.

Question 42

The water-diversion projects that President Eisenhower supported in the West most benefited

A) small farmers and ranching interests.
B) local communities in several western states.
C) large-scale agribusiness and ranching interests.
D) Native Americans.
E) the Democratic Party.

Question 43

In 1953 the CIA staged a coup in Iran that

A) ensured that it would develop a democratic government.
B) led to the rise of a communist state.
C) established a popular, pro-western government
D) overthrew a legitimate elected government to establish a ruthless dictatorship.
E) resulted in the creation of five new nations in that region.

Question 44

In The Organization Man, William H. Whyte, Jr. criticized

A) corporate conformity.
B) racial inequality.
C) military spending.
D) government secrecy.
E) poverty in the U.S.

Question 45

The period from 1954 to 1963 was one of generally steady economic growth.

Question 46

The Warren Commission's account of a lone assassin came under intense scrutiny soon after its report was published.

Question 47

The Termination and Relocation Programs implemented by the federal government resulted in which of the following?

A) Migration to urban areas by Native Americans
B) Higher life expectancy rates than white Americans.
C) Less frequent discrimination in employment
D) Increased respect for the reservation by the government.
E) all of these choices

Question 48

William H. Whyte, Jr. and David Riesman were both

A) historians.
B) economists.
C) sociologists.
D) journalists.
E) politicians.

Question 49

When Hungarian rebels led by Imre Nagy rebelled against the Stalinist regime in 1956, the U.S.

A) sent air support for the rebels.
B) supported the communist government.
C) was unaware of the rebellion.
D) sent the CIA to help the rebels.
E) could not provide military support so close to the Soviet Union.

Question 50

During the Cuban missile crisis, President John F. Kennedy ordered an Air Force attack on Soviet forces in Cuba.

Question 51

The Warren Commission concluded that the Kennedy assassination was the result of a vast conspiracy.

Question 52

The author of The Organization Man (1956) was William H. Whyte, Jr.

Question 53

All of the following invaded Egypt in October 1956 except

A) Israel.
B) France.
C) Great Britain.
D) the United States.
E) none of these choices

Question 54

The agreement that divided Vietnam into two states, North and South, was the Paris Peace Accords of 1954.

Question 55

John F. Kennedy's opponent in the 1960 presidential election was Richard M. Nixon.

Question 56

What percentage of the American population identified themselves as Protestant, Jewish, or Catholic?

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 75
E) 95

Question 57

The first artificial satellite ever launched into space was the Mercury.

Question 58

The Cuban-exile invasion of Castro's Cuba, approved by John F. Kennedy, was first proposed during the Eisenhower presidency.

Question 59

The CIA helped to influence political developments in all of the following during the 1950s except

A) Iran.
B) Hungary.
C) the Philippines.
D) Guatemala.
E) Lebanon.

Question 60

The Cuban missile crisis grew out of the U.S. attempt to build missile silos in Cuba.

Question 61

John Kenneth Galbraith advanced a theory that "power elites" were effectively strangling political and economic life in the U.S.

Question 62

The AFL and the CIO merged in 1955.

Question 63

The Paris summit of 1960 was very productive.

Question 64

President Dwight D. Eisenhower toured the Soviet Union in 1959.

Question 65

Foreign policy dominated the last six months of the Kennedy presidency.

Question 66

Despite his fiscal conservatism, Dwight D. Eisenhower was never able to balance the budget.

Question 67

The Eisenhower administration rejected the idea of covert CIA activities to remove or assassinate leftist political leaders in the Third World.

Question 68

The Eisenhower administration supported democratic regimes throughout Latin America.

Question 69

John F. Kennedy endorsed lower taxes as a means of stimulating economic growth.

Question 70

No one proposed extending the deficit to promote economic growth.

Question 71

Dwight D. Eisenhower was reluctant to use the power of the Federal government to address the issue of racial discrimination.

Question 72

Economic growth contributed to political stability.

Question 73

Free market economists tended to go to institutions along the east of west coast.

Question 74

The Southern Manifesto supported school desegregation.

Question 75

West Germany became a member of NATO in 1955.

Question 76

Earl Warren was appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower as chief justice of the Supreme Court in 1953.

Question 77

U.S. prestige in the Middle East benefited from the Suez Canal crisis.

Question 78

The Soviet Union provided direct support for Fidel Castro's campaign to overthrow Fulgencio Batista.

Question 79

Elvis Presley appealed most to older Americans.

Question 80

In the 1950s the real wages and fringe benefits of U.S. workers improved steadily.