Deck 19: The Rise of Corporate America, 1865-1914

Question 1

The Interstate Commerce Act outlawed

A) unfair pricing activities on the part of railroads.
B) outlawed the restraint of trade between states.
C) attempted to control business trusts.
D) extended subsidies to railroads.
E) none of these choices

Answer 1

unfair pricing activities on the part of railroads.

Question 2

In the landmark decision of Munn v. Illinois (1877), the Supreme Court

A) declared state railroad regulations unconstitutional.
B) upheld the right of states to regulate public businesses including railroads.
C) established federal guidelines for agricultural production.
D) outlawed segregation in companies engaged in interstate commerce.
E) outlawed child labor.

Answer 2

upheld the right of states to regulate public businesses including railroads.

Question 3

Who was the author of the utopian romance Looking Backward?

A) Henry George
B) Harriet Beecher Stowe
C) Mark Twain
D) Edward Bellamy
E) Upton Sinclair

Answer 3

Edward Bellamy

Question 4

In the late nineteenth century, the railroads

A) employed more workers than any other industry.
B) established the four standard time zones still used in the United States today.
C) were the major means of transporting people and products across the country.
D) employed unfair pricing practices.
E) all of these choices

Question 5

The Knights of Labor parted from normal labor organization because they

A) were organized by industry rather than by craft.
B) were organized by craft rather than by industry.
C) admitted only skilled labor.
D) were relatively unorganized.
E) sought only higher wages and better working conditions.

Question 6

The railroad strike of 1877

A) was a major victory for the union workers.
B) led many cities to construct armories.
C) saw the middle class side with railroad workers.
D) was settled peacefully.
E) has remained the worst labor violence in American history.

Question 7

During the nineteenth century, the Sherman Antitrust Act

A) successfully dissolved the ten largest corporations in the United States.
B) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
C) was never used at all.
D) was used by big business to break up unions and strikes.
E) failed to pass either house of congress.

Question 8

In the late 1890s, farmers experienced

A) a new era of prosperity.
B) the adoption of the silver standard.
C) a steady drop in prices that lasted until World War I
D) an increase in the deflation trend.
E) success in seeing "one of their own" elected president.

Question 9

Andrew Carnegie created a monopoly in the ____ industry.

A) oil
B) steel
C) railroad
D) textile
E) coal

Question 10

The first labor union formed after the Civil War was the

A) Cigar Makers Union.
B) National Labor Union.
C) Knights of Labor.
D) United Mine Workers Union.
E) American Federation of Labor

Question 11

The head of the American Railway Union involved in the Pullman strike was

A) William Bryan.
B) Terence Powderly.
C) Eugene Debs.
D) James Blaine.
E) James Duke.

Question 12

The single largest employer of this time period was which of the following?

A) railroads
B) factories
C) commercial farmers
D) federal government
E) state government

Question 13

"Granger Laws"

A) helped destroy the Patrons of Husbandry.
B) established state railroad commissions to determine fair transportation rates and warehouse charges.
C) never actually went into effect until the twentieth century.
D) regulated farm cooperatives and land banks.
E) led to the creation of the Populist party.

Question 14

Which union was hurt irrevocably by the Haymarket Square protest?

A) Congress of Industrial Organizations
B) National Labor Union
C) Industrial Workers of the World
D) American Federation of Labor
E) Knights of Labor

Question 15

In regards to women and work outside the home

A) almost no middle class women worked.
B) the number of women who worked more than doubled between 1860-1900.
C) women were excluded from all professional jobs.
D) married women who worked were considered a disgrace by their husbands.
E) women made up a large part of the teaching profession.

Question 16

The strike at the Homestead plant in Pennsylvania is famous for

A) the assassination of Henry Frick.
B) federal government's criticism of Andrew Carnegie.
C) armed resistance by striking steel workers.
D) intercession by the president on behalf of the strikers.
E) arrest of Eugene Debs.

Question 17

The inventor of the phonograph and the movie camera was

A) George Kodak.
B) Thomas Edison.
C) Alexander Graham Bell.
D) George Westinghouse.
E) Elisha Otis.

Question 18

The winner of the 1896 presidential election was

A) William McKinley.
B) William Jennings Bryan.
C) Theodore Roosevelt.
D) Mark Hanna.
E) Benjamin Harrison.

Question 19

The issue that caused the Populist Party to be absorbed by the Democratic Party was

A) income tax.
B) the coinage of silver.
C) government control of railroads.
D) direct election of senators.
E) women's suffrage.

Question 20

In U.S. v. E. C. Knight Company, the Supreme Court ruled that the

A) sugar refining monopoly was illegal.
B) federal government had no authority over the economy.
C) Interstate Commerce Act was unconstitutional.
D) Sherman Antitrust Act regulated commerce but not manufacturing.
E) Sherman Antitrust Act was unconstitutional.

Question 21

Edward Bellamy's philosophy of Nationalism

A) was a Marxian socialist theory that called for class conflict.
B) led to the creation of clubs that supported public ownership of industry and utility companies.
C) was rejected by all Christians.
D) was the most powerful economic theory of the Gilded Age.
E) organized the opposition to the Social Gospel.

Question 22

Among southern states, in 1892 Populists garnered more than 20 percent of the vote only in

A) Georgia and Alabama.
B) Texas and Virginia.
C) Mississippi and Georgia.
D) Alabama and Texas.
E) South Carolina and Florida.

Question 23

Which of the following events occurred first?

A) founding of Knights of Labor
B) Haymarket Square incident
C) founding of American Federation of Labor
D) Homestead strike
E) Depression of 1893

Question 24

In the Gilded Age the most important advertising medium was

A) magazines.
B) billboards.
C) radio ads.
D) newspapers.
E) government ads.

Question 25

The nation's time zones

A) originally numbered ten.
B) were created by Congress at the request of railroads.
C) were widely adopted in 1883, but not officially sanctioned by Congress until 1918.
D) were initially created by private industry.
E) supported what American's called "God's time."

Question 26

Which of the following men was associated with Standard Oil?

A) J.P. Morgan
B) James Duke
C) Andrew Carnegie
D) William Jennings Bryan
E) John D. Rockefeller

Question 27

During the Gilded Age, railroad pricing practices meant that

A) farmers were forced to pay higher prices.
B) Standard Oil paid the highest prices.
C) prices were highest in urban areas.
D) no railroads were built into farm areas.
E) prices were fair for everyone.

Question 28

Knights of Labor idealistically envisioned a future in which

A) workers would retire at the age of 60.
B) women would get equal pay for equal work.
C) most industrial workers would buy land and return to the farm.
D) all workers would belong to craft unions.
E) workers' cooperatives would own and manage the means of production.

Question 29

The U.S. v. E.C. Knight Company court case dealt a crippling blow to

A) Interstate Commerce Act.
B) corporate mergers.
C) Sherman Anti Trust Act.
D) steel and oil industries.
E) local law enforcement.

Question 30

The theory of "survival of the fittest" provided ideological support for

A) social inequality.
B) capitalism.
C) the gap between the rich and poor.
D) wage labor.
E) all of these choices

Question 31

All of the following were technological advances for railroads except the

A) move from iron to steel tracks.
B) adoption of knuckle couplers
C) use of automatic signals.
D) introduction of air brakes.
E) switch from the open-hearth to the Bessemer process in steel mills.

Question 32

Which of the following was not characteristic of U.S. society in the 1890s?

A) Many middle class Americans supported greater government power.
B) Intensified class conflicts threatened the traditional social order.
C) Racial issues would soon become unimportant on national political scene.
D) Decades of political balance would end, leaving the Republicans in control.
E) Farm income would steadily drop until World War I.

Question 33

William Jennings Bryan is noted for

A) winning the popular vote for President in 1896 but losing the electoral vote.
B) serving as legal counsel for the American Railway Union in the Pullman strike.
C) switching from the Democratic to the Republican Party after the election of 1890.
D) serving beer and wine at campaign meetings.
E) expressing the views of the farmers and laborers in his "cross of gold" speech.

Question 34

In comparison to other industrial nations, by 1890 the United States was

A) just entering the industrial revolution phase of development.
B) less productive than the three major powers.
C) the world leader in manufacturing output.
D) still basically an agricultural society.
E) unable to compete because of high labor costs.

Question 35

In the 1870s, nearly all women's clubs were

A) headed by male presidents.
B) focused on support of women suffrage.
C) dominated by the working class.
D) secular.
E) simply places for social gathering.

Question 36

Many Americans began to enjoy all of the following activities except

A) bicycling.
B) outdoor recreation.
C) rock climbing.
D) football.
E) physical fitness exercise.

Question 37

The Haymarket affair is associated with the ____ corporation.

A) Armour Meats.
B) Southern Pacific.
C) Pullman.
D) U. S. Steel
E) McCormick

Question 38

The Pullman strike (1894) was significant because

A) President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops to break the strike.
B) the U.S. attorney general used a federal injunction against the railroads.
C) the Pullman Company compromised with the unions in order to prevent violence.
D) the strike leaders were honored in the national capitol.
E) all of these choices

Question 39

The Greenback and "free silver" movements supported

A) a sound money policy to strengthen the dollar on the international market.
B) the complete reorganization of the U.S. banking system.
C) a free enterprise approach to establishing interest rates.
D) increasing the amount of currency in circulation.
E) overthrowing the U.S. government.

Question 40

The Farmers' Alliance advocated

A) importation of Asians to provide cheap farm labor.
B) cooperatives to eliminate middlemen and to maximize farmers' profits.
C) federal production and price controls.
D) limitations on the number of women and children employed as farm workers.
E) re-establishing slavery.

Question 41

William Jennings Bryan was the first presidential candidate of the Populist Party.

Question 42

Haymarket Square was the site of a pitched battle between strikers at the Carnegie Steel plant and Pinkerton detectives.

Question 43

The Knights of Labor restricted its membership to white adult males only.

Question 44

The Sherman Antitrust Act dealt a crippling blow to corporate trusts during the 1890s.

Question 45

In Lochner v. New York, the Supreme Court ruling was a victory for the

A) Industrial Workers of the World.
B) all labor unions.
C) bakery employees.
D) anti-union interests.
E) Samuel Gompers.

Question 46

The National Labor Union lasted less than a decade.

Question 47

Republicans won the presidency and control of both houses of Congress in 1896.

Question 48

Social Darwinism argued that human history witnessed the

A) inevitable evolution of the weakest groups to the positions of highest power.
B) inevitable collapse of capitalism.
C) evolution of humans from the ape.
D) eventual disintegration of Western civilization.
E) struggle among the races, with the strongest triumphing

Question 49

Ironically, labor was prevented from organizing because of the government's use of the

A) Interstate Commerce clause.
B) Jim Crow laws.
C) Sherman Antitrust Act.
D) Voting Rights Act.
E) Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 50

Corporate consolidations or mergers were prompted primarily by a desire to

A) encourage competition.
B) regulate expansion and insulate corporations from fluctuations in the economic cycle.
C) stimulate rate wars within the major markets.
D) reduce the role of investment bankers in the economy.
E) encourage government regulation of industry.

Question 51

John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company was the first "trust."

Question 52

The "gospel of wealth"

A) encouraged rich people to use their excess profits for the benefit of society.
B) was rejected by most Protestant denominations.
C) was a philosophy created by J. P. Morgan.
D) led to the first federal welfare program in U.S. history.
E) led to higher income taxes on the rich.

Question 53

Andrew Carnegie began his business career in the steel industry.

Question 54

Andrew Carnegie provided money for the construction of 2,500 ____ throughout the country.

A) playgrounds
B) public libraries
C) elementary schools
D) hospitals
E) labor union halls

Question 55

One of the leading innovators in the production and marketing of goods at the turn of the century was

A) Henry George.
B) James Duke.
C) Terence Powderly.
D) Joseph Kennedy.
E) William McKinley.

Question 56

In which year did the United States become the world's greatest industrial power?

A) 1890
B) 1870
C) 1940
D) 1900
E) 1865

Question 57

The long-time president of the American Federation of Labor was

A) Samuel Gompers.
B) "Big Bill" Haywood.
C) John L. Lewis.
D) Eugene Debs.
E) Mark Hanna.

Question 58

Which of the following women argued for radical transformations in domestic work relations as one step toward gender equality?

A) Margaret Sanger
B) Charlotte Perkins Gilman
C) Alice Paul
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
E) Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 59

James B. Duke influenced modern business techniques by

A) introducing new cost-accounting procedures.
B) purchasing a fleet of ships to tap into the world market.
C) using aggressive national advertising campaigns and regional sales representatives.
D) allowing his workers to purchase company stock.
E) encouraging a unionized work force.

Question 60

In 1901, J. P. Morgan handled the huge industrial merger that formed the

A) Standard Oil Company.
B) Northern Pacific Railroad.
C) American Tobacco Company.
D) Pullman Company.
E) U.S. Steel Corporation.

Question 61

The Haymarket Square incident united the country.

Question 62

The Populist Party's presidential candidate in 1892 was a Union veteran.

Question 63

The Great Railway Strike and the Homestead Strike both took place during periods of economic downturns.

Question 64

In his book, Looking Backward, Edward Bellamy imagined the United States in the year 2000 when social inequality would not exist.

Question 65

American grain production grew at about the same rate as the nation's population from 1870 to 1890.

Question 66

The Grange was formed before the Knights of Labor.

Question 67

The radical demands of the Farmers' Alliance had no lasting effect on U.S. policies and society.

Question 68

Jay Cooke and Jay Gould both forcefully opposed risky speculation.

Question 69

Workmen's compensation did not appear in the United States until after World War II.

Question 70

Class distinctions in the United States widened during the Gilded Age.

Question 71

The Supreme Court ruled in the 1880s that states could not regulate interstate railroad rates.

Question 72

The worst labor violence of the 1870s occurred during the B&O Railroad strike of 1877.

Question 73

The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain.

Question 74

African American women were not part of the club movement.

Question 75

Munn v. Illinois pertained to grain elevator rates.

Question 76

Strict enforcement of the Interstate Commerce Act completely eliminated discriminatory railroad practices in the Gilded Age.

Question 77

President Grover Cleveland sent federal troops into the Pullman Strike at the request of Illinois Governor, John Altgeld.

Question 78

The U.S. economy grew very rapidly between 1878 and 1893.

Question 79

The Knights of Labor were unusual in admitting unskilled workers, women, and blacks.

Question 80

The American Federation of Labor was a loosely affiliated association of unions organized by trade or craft.