Deck 25: Injury Prevention and Treatment

Question 1

Define ergogenic aid.

Answer 1

The term "ergogenic aids" refers to the phenomena that is expected to enhance the exercise performance, and it also refers to the work-producing substances.
Examples of ergogenic aids include, nutrients, drugs, management of stress, hypnosis, and warm-up exercises. Music, blood doping, rhythmic pattern of oxygen breathing, and extrinsic biomechanical aids also serves as ergogenic aids.

Question 2

Identify the risks associated with using chewing tobacco to obtain a nicotine "high."

Answer 2

The Tobacco smoke is the most significant environmental factor causing cancer. About 80-90% of all the lung cancers are due to smoking. Tobacco chewing is practiced to get high nicotine levels.
The risks associated with chewing tobacco:
In addition to the nicotine and carbon monoxide, tobacco contains about 60 carcinogens which interfere with normal cell development that cause cancer. In small doses, nicotine can cause tremors, whereas in higher doses, it causes convulsions. Therefore, high tobacco consumption is result in higher premature rate of death has been observed worldwide.

Question 3

What is an ergogenic aid

Answer 3

Ergogenic aids are defined as performance enhancers. A performance aid is anything that gives a mental or physical stimulation while exercising or performing. It can be a chemical agent or a phenomenon that stimulates the person mentally.
The following are the ergogenic aids that are in wide use:
• Nutrients
• Drugs
• Hypnosis
• Blood doping
• Oxygen breathing
• Music
• Extrinsic biomechanical aids
• Physical warm-up

Question 4

While amphetamines improve performance in fatigued individuals, they might not have this effect on motivated subjects. Why

Question 5

Explain why a "placebo" treatment in a "double-blind design" is used in research studies involving ergogenic aids.

Question 6

Describe the risks of cocaine use and how it can cause death.

Question 7

Why must an investigator use a "placebo" treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of an ergogenic aid

Question 8

How might caffeine improve long-term performances Can the results be extrapolated to "real" performances in the field

Question 9

Describe, in general, the effectiveness of nutritional supplements on performance.

Question 10

Describe the physiological and psychological effects of different types of warm-ups.

Question 11

Provide a brief summary of the role that dietary supplements play in improving performance.

Question 12

Chewing tobacco may provide a nicotine "high," but not without risks. What are they

Question 13

Describe the effect of additional oxygen on performance; distinguish between hyperbaric oxygenation and that accomplished by breathing oxygen-enriched gas mixtures.

Question 14

Describe the different types of warm-up activities and the mechanisms by which they may improve performance.

Question 15

What is a double-blind research design

Question 16

Describe blood doping and its potential for improving endurance performance.

Question 17

Does breathing 100% O₂ improve performance Recovery

Question 18

Explain the mechanism by which ingested buffers might improve anaerobic performances.

Question 19

Breathing hyperoxic gas mixtures improves performance without changing O₂ delivery to tissue. How is this possible

Question 20

Explain how amphetamines might improve exercise performance.

Question 21

What is blood doping and why does it appear to improve performance now when it did not in the earliest investigations

Question 22

Describe the various mechanisms by which caffeine might improve performance.

Question 23

How might ingested buffers improve short-term performances