Deck 10: Fundamental Hydrology

Question 1

The quick surge in flow due to ___________________ flow is called direct runoff.

Answer 1

overland

Question 2

An assumption made for a(n) ___________________ hydrograph is that rainfall is constant throughout the unit time.

Answer 2

unit

Question 3

For every stream, the well-defined area of land that intercepts the rainfall and transports it to the stream is called the ____________________ area.

Answer 3

catchment

Question 4

Generally, rainfall is lost in what two processes?

A)initial losses and infiltration
C)absorption and initial losses
B)overland flow and infiltration
D)overland flow and absorption

Question 5

The reduction of a flood wave height or magnitude is called ____.

A)attention
C)routing
B)attenuation
D)cresting

Question 6

Direct measurement is used to compute hydrographs for large river basins in which one or more measuring stations are used to record actual hydrographs for every major storm over a number of years.

Question 7

Which of the following is the measure of the time needed for runoff to flow from the upper end of the watershed to the lower end?

A)time of concentration
C)hydraulic path
B)catchment area
D)overland flow

Question 8

A graph showing the entire relationship between runoff and time for a given rainfall event is called a hydrograph.

Question 9

Evapotranspiration is the loss of water vapor from plants to the atmosphere.

Question 10

Which series compiles the data from the greatest single rainfall event each year?

A)partial-duration series
C)total-duration series
B)annual series
D)rainfall series

Question 11

All drainage basins have the same three types of flow along the hydraulic path.

Question 12

The constant low-level flow in streams due to the subsurface feed is called ____.

A)direct runoff
C)base flow
B)evapotranspiration
D)evaporation

Question 13

In computing a runoff hydrograph, if the delineated drainage basin is too large or not sufficiently homogeneous, it must be subdivided into smaller units called subareas or subbasins.

Question 14

___________________ period is the average number of years between two rainfall events that equal or exceed a given number of inches over a given duration.

Question 15

The water that flows in streams comes from the ocean and is returned again in a constant cycle called the __________________ cycle.