Deck 7: Energy Metabolism

Question 1

An infant with PKU is fed a special formula containing minimal amounts of _____ and adequate amounts of _____

A)phenylalanine, tyrosine
B)proline, alanine
C)asparagine, leucine
D)lysine, methionine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which pathways release energy through the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones?

A)Anabolic
B)Synthetic
C)Catabolic
D)Diabolic

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Metabolic pathways are made up of interrelated, enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that can be categorized as either _____

A)synthetic or degraded
B)simple or complex
C)integral or incomplete
D)catabolic or anabolic

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered a metabolic fuel?

A)Glucose
B)Fatty acids
C)Amino acids
D)B vitamins

Question 5

Enzymes are said to have specificity, which means that they interact only with certain _____

A)substrates.
B)enzymes.
C)intermediates.
D)products.

Question 6

Anabolic pathways promote the _____

A)mobilization of stored energy and breakdown of energy-yielding nutrients
B)mobilization of stored energy and energy storage
C)synthesis of new compounds and energy storage
D)synthesis of new compounds and mobilization of stored energy

Question 7

What are intermediate products?

A)Products formed for the start of a metabolic pathway
B)Products formed before a metabolic pathway reaches completion
C)Products formed as a metabolic pathway reaches completion
D)Products formed between two metabolic pathways

Question 8

Which of the following increase the rate at which chemical reactions occur without undergoing a change themselves?

A)Enzymes
B)Synthetases
C)Catabolites
D)Substrates

Question 9

Inherited metabolic diseases are caused by a deficiency or absence of one or more _____ needed for a metabolic pathway to function properly

A)vitamins
B)enzymes
C)proteins
D)minerals

Question 10

The chemical molecule resulting from a chemical reaction is a(n):

A)enzyme.
B)substrate.
C)end product.
D)complex.

Question 11

What is a molecule referred to when it enters a chemical reaction?

A)Product
B)Substrate
C)Enzyme
D)Coenzyme

Question 12

Enzymes that shift atoms from one molecule to another are called _____

A)hydroxyls
B)transporters
C)transferases
D)transmitters

Question 13

Which of the following would most likely be the enzyme involved in reactions metabolizing amylose?

A)Amyloxyl
B)Amylase
C)Amylogen
D)Amylosin

Question 14

Chemical reactions are catalyzed by _____

A)glucose
B)fatty acids
C)amino acids
D)enzymes

Question 15

A series of interrelated enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions is a(n):

A)product pathway.
B)substrate pathway.
C)metabolic pathway.
D)reactive pathway.

Question 16

Substrates attach to a special surface on the enzyme that is called the _____

A)active site
B)connection
C)association site
D)link

Question 17

The body's energy reserves include _____

A)glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids
B)fatty acids, glucagon, and starch
C)amino acids, lipids, and enzymes
D)glycogen, protein, and triglycerides

Question 18

What types of enzymes catalyze hydrolysis reactions?

A)Transferases
B)Lyases
C)Hydrolases
D)Isomerases

Question 19

If Sara mixes flour, sugar, milk, eggs, and butter to make a batter that she then bakes to get a cake, what could be considered her intermediate product(s)?

A)Flour and sugar
B)Milk, eggs, and butter
C)The batter
D)The cake

Question 20

Enzymes that catalyze reactions that break chemical bonds by the addition of water are:

A)hydrolases.
B)oxioreductases.
C)transferases.
D)lysases.

Question 21

A cofactor is a(n) _____ substance that _____ part of the enzyme's structure

A)inorganic, is not
B)inorganic, is
C)organic, is
D)organic, is not

Question 22

Which of the following is a coenzyme?

A)Niacin
B)Zinc
C)Potassium
D)Iron

Question 23

Organic molecules derived from vitamins that act as helpers are called:

A)coenzymes.
B)cosubstrates.
C)cofactors.
D)cointermediates.

Question 24

Where does the energy needed to produce ATP come from?

A)The oxidized forms of several coenzymes
B)NADPH + H+ and FADH2
C)Anabolic enzymes
D)Glycerol

Question 25

What molecule is uniquely suited to transfer energy to energy-requiring anabolic reactions?

A)Adenosine triphosphate
B)Acetyl-CoA
C)Lactate
D)Pyruvate

Question 26

Cells rely on the energy contained in the _____ bonds of _____

A)chemical, glucose
B)corporal, proteins
C)physical, amino acids
D)chemical, ATP

Question 27

The process that adds a phosphate group directly to ADP is called _____

A)substrate phosphorylation
B)conversion
C)oxidative phosphorylation
D)energy generation

Question 28

Most ATP is synthesized by _____

A)substrate phosphorylation
B)glycolysis
C)oxidative phosphorylation
D)the citric acid cycle

Question 29

The _____ promotes energy storage

A)hormone glucagon
B)cofactor glucaphac
C)hormone insulin
D)cofactor proinsulin

Question 30

Which of the following is a cofactor?

A)niacin
B)zinc
C)riboflavin
D)ascorbic acid

Question 31

The electron transport chain is located in the inner membrane of the _____

A)cell wall
B)nucleus
C)ribosomes
D)mitochondria

Question 32

NAD+, FAD and NADP+ are all examples of:

A)coenzymes.
B)cosubstrates.
C)cofactors.
D)cointermediates.

Question 33

ATP is produced via oxidative phosphorylation in a cell's:

A)nucleus.
B)cytoplasm.
C)ribosomes.
D)mitochondria.

Question 34

Substrate phosphorylation is a process that results in the generation of some _____

A)ADP
B)ATP
C)amino acids
D)fatty acids

Question 35

What is the energy from glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids transferred to in catabolic pathways?

A)NAD+, FAD, and NADP+
B)ADP
C)Glycogen, proteins, and triglycerides
D)Enzymes

Question 36

Coenzymes assist enzymes by transferring _____ to form molecules

A)water and electrons
B)minerals and protons
C)vitamins and protons
D)hydrogen ions and electrons

Question 37

Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver and the release of glucose into the blood?

A)Insulin
B)Glucagon
C)Cortisol
D)Epinephrine

Question 38

_____ is needed for the synthesis of new compounds in the body such as fatty acids, cholesterol, DNA, and RNA

A)NADP+
B)FADH2
C)FAD
D)NADPH + H+

Question 39

What percentage of the ATP generated from glucose results from oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain?

A)60%
B)70%
C)80%
D)90%

Question 40

When NADH + H+ and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain, their electrons and hydrogen ions are _____

A)removed
B)consumed
C)lost
D)converted

Question 41

The electron transport chain is considered a(n) _____ process

A)aerobic
B)oxygen-generating
C)energy conservation
D)anaerobic

Question 42

Liver and _____ cells break down _____ into glucose

A)brain, fatty acids
B)muscle, glycogen
C)heart, proteins
D)central nervous system, fatty acids

Question 43

What is the maximum number of ATPs that can be generated from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

A)6
B)12
C)24
D)38

Question 44

Glucose catabolism begins with:

A)glycolysis.
B)glycogenolysis.
C)glycogenesis.
D)gluconeogenesis.

Question 45

What catabolic pathway takes place in the liver to produce glucose under relatively anaerobic conditions?

A)Cori cycle
B)Citric acid cycle
C)Glycolysis
D)Electron transport

Question 46

What enzyme attaches a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP?

A)ADP reductase
B)ATP synthase
C)ATP reductase
D)ADP synthase

Question 47

The availability of _____ determines whether pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA or lactate

A)oxygen
B)lactase
C)acetate
D)water

Question 48

The energy generated in the electron transport chain is used to pump _____ out of the mitochondrial matrix

A)electrons
B)ADP
C)ATP
D)hydrogen ions

Question 49

Which of the following metabolic pathways is considered amphibolic?

A)Anaerobic glycolysis
B)Aerobic glycolysis
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Gluconenogenesis

Question 50

The citric acid cycle begins with _____ and the end products include _____

A)citric acid, ADP
B)citric acid, ATP and H2O
C)pyruvate, acetyl-CoA
D)acetyl-CoA, NADH + H+ and FADH2

Question 51

If you were to run as fast as you can, you would only be able sustain this intensity for a short time The primary metabolic pathway being utilized would be:

A)the electron transport chain.
B)the Cori cycle.
C)the citric acid cycle.
D)lipolysis.

Question 52

Which chemical reaction results in the splitting of a 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon subunits called pyruvate?

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenolysis
C)Gluconeogenesis
D)Glycogenesis

Question 53

Which of the following is the first step in the citric acid cycle?

A)acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate → citrate
B)citrate + oxaloacetate → acetyl CoA
C)citrate + acetyl CoA → oxaloacetate
D)oxaloacetate + citric acid → acetyl CoA

Question 54

What is the source of energy for the generation of ATP from ADP in oxidative phosphorylation?

A)The exchange of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions
B)The replacement of electrons lost through conversion
C)The movement of hydrogen ions into the mitochondrial matrix
D)The shifting of neutrons out of the cytoplasm

Question 55

In glycogenolysis, the liver breaks down _____ in order to be able to release _____ into the blood

A)proteins, glucose
B)glucose, ATP
C)glycogen, glucose
D)fatty acids, glycerol

Question 56

Which of the following metabolic pathways takes place in the mitochondria?

A)Anaerobic glycolysis
B)Aerobic glycolysis
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Gluconeogenesis

Question 57

Which of the following metabolic pathways is catabolic?

A)Glucogenesis
B)Lipogenesis
C)Glycogenolysis
D)Gluconeogenesis

Question 58

Glycolysis begins with _____ and the end product is _____

A)starch, glucose
B)lactate, glucose
C)pyruvate, acetyl-CoA
D)glucose, pyruvate

Question 59

Joe skipped breakfast this morning because he was late for class While he sits in class, which metabolic process is occurring?

A)Protein synthesis
B)Glycogenolysis
C)Glycogenesis
D)Lipogenesis

Question 60

Tom is a swimmer What is the substrate that provides the energy he needs while competing in a 10k swimming event?

A)Glycerol
B)ADP
C)Acetyl-CoA
D)Lactate

Question 61

The citric acid cycle is both catabolic and anabolic and thus is considered a(n) _____ pathway

A)reversible
B)branched
C)amphibolic
D)divergent

Question 62

Catabolic pathways take place primarily in the:

A)blood.
B)nucleus.
C)cytosol.
D)mitochondria.

Question 63

Β-oxidation takes place in all cells except brain and _____ cells

A)red blood
B)white blood
C)liver
D)kidney

Question 64

Lipolysis is catalyzed by a hormone-sensitive enzyme called _____

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)lipase
D)lipogen

Question 65

_____ pathways play important roles in storing excess energy and in synthesizing energy-yielding molecules when glucose availability is limited

A)Catabolic
B)Glycogenic
C)Anabolic
D)Reversible

Question 66

Which of the following terms best defines the following process: an amino group from an amino acid is moved to a compound called α-ketoacid, forming a new amino acid?

A)Transamination
B)Deamination
C)Aminogenesis
D)Proteogenesis

Question 67

What is the major role of amino acids?

A)To serve as building blocks
B)To provide fuel for energy
C)To provide nitrogen reserves for storage
D)To act as transporters

Question 68

The removal of an amino group from an amino acid is called:

A)transamination.
B)deamination.
C)proteolysis.
D)proteogenesis.

Question 69

Which metabolic process synthesizes glucose from noncarbohydrate sources?

A)Glycolysis
B)Gluconeogenesis
C)Glycogenolysis
D)Glycogenesis

Question 70

Lipids are initially catabolized into _____

A)triglycerides and amines
B)glucose and glycerol
C)pyruvate and acetyl-CoA
D)fatty acids and glycerol

Question 71

The process by which fatty acids are metabolized is called _____

A)β-oxidation
B)lipogenesis
C)glycogenesis
D)lipogenolysis

Question 72

Which of the following is an irreversible reaction?

A)pyruvate → acetyl-CoA
B)glucose → 2 pyruvate
C)2 pyruvate → 2 lactate
D)acetyl-CoA → pyruvate

Question 73

After eating a substantial lunch, Sue's body is converting _____

A)glycogen to amino acids
B)glucose to fatty acids
C)glycerol to amino acids
D)amino acids to glucose

Question 74

After Sue eats lunch, the hormone _____ stimulates the storage of glycogen in Sue's muscles

A)insulin
B)growth hormone
C)estrogen
D)adrenaline

Question 75

Which of the following metabolic pathways represents the final stage of protein catabolism?

A)Cori cycle
B)Deamination
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Electron transport chain

Question 76

Where do α-ketoacids enter the process for the generation of energy?

A)Glycolysis
B)Glucogenolysis
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Cori cycle

Question 77

Urea is removed from the blood by the _____

A)liver
B)pancreas
C)duodenum
D)kidneys

Question 78

Lipid catabolism takes place in the _____

A)lymph
B)nucleus
C)cytosol
D)mitochondria

Question 79

Before amino acids are used as an energy source, the _____ group is removed

A)carboxyl
B)amino
C)acetate
D)R-

Question 80

Where in the body does deamination primarily take place?

A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Duodenum
D)Kidneys