Question 1

The _______ regulate(s) calcium concentration.&#10;A) parathyroid glands&#10;B) islets of Langerhans&#10;C) pituitary gland&#10;D) thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium concentration in the blood through actions on the bones, kidneys, and intestines. The other options listed do not have a direct role in regulating calcium concentration.

Question 2

Neuroendocrine cells are _______.&#10;A) endocrine cells that produce neurons&#10;B) transported by the lymph system&#10;C) an important link between the nervous and endocrine systems&#10;D) produced by prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

Neuroendocrine cells are specialized cells that release hormones into the bloodstream in response to neural stimuli. They serve as a communication link between the nervous system and endocrine system.

Question 3

The endocrine system consists of specialized tissues and glands that secrete chemical messengers called _______.&#10;A) targets&#10;B) hormones&#10;C) cyclic AMP&#10;D) releasing hormones

Accepted Answer

Hormones are the chemical messengers secreted by specialized tissues and glands in the endocrine system. Targets are the cells and organs that respond to these hormones. Cyclic AMP is a secondary messenger molecule used by some hormones to transfer signals within cells. Releasing hormones are a type of hormone that stimulate the release of other hormones from the pituitary gland.

Question 4

In _______, the endocrine gland decreases its hormone output to abnormally low levels, which deprives target cells of needed stimulation.&#10;A) hypersecretion&#10;B) hyposecretion&#10;C) cyclic secretion&#10;D) neurosecretion

Accepted Answer

Hyposecretion is the condition where the endocrine gland produces inadequate or decreased levels of hormones, which can result in a variety of medical conditions.

Question 5

When glucose concentration becomes very high, _______.&#10;A) calcitonin is released from the parathyroid gland&#10;B) glucagon is released by the islets of Langerhans&#10;C) beta cells secrete insulin&#10;D) the adrenal medulla releases cortisol

Accepted Answer

When glucose concentration becomes very high, beta cells in the pancreas secrete insulin to signal cells to take up glucose from the blood and store it. This helps lower the blood glucose concentration.

Question 6

The _______ regulates most endocrine activity and links the nervous and endocrine systems.&#10;A) hypothalamus&#10;B) pituitary&#10;C) thalamus&#10;D) parathyroid

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates most of the body's endocrine activity. The thalamus is not involved in endocrine regulation, and while the parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the body, they do not play a major role in overall endocrine function.

Question 7

The _______ gland secretes several different hormones and is called the master gland.&#10;A) pineal&#10;B) adrenal&#10;C) pituitary&#10;D) thyroid

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes several hormones that regulate various functions of other endocrine glands in the body. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, the adrenal gland secretes hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, and the thyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate metabolism, but none of these are considered the master gland.

Question 8

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) _______.&#10;A) activates one or more enzymes, triggering a chain of reactions leading to a specific metabolic effect in the cell&#10;B) binds to calmodulin to turn genes on&#10;C) is a first messenger&#10;D) activates G proteins

Accepted Answer

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) acts as a secondary messenger in cells, activating one or more enzymes, which then trigger a chain of reactions leading to a specific metabolic effect.

Question 9

_______ are a group of about 16 closely related lipids that are manufactured by many different tissues in the body.&#10;A) Prostaglandins&#10;B) FSH&#10;C) cAMP&#10;D) Parathyroid hormones

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are a group of lipids that are manufactured by many different tissues in the body.

Question 10

Growth hormone is _______.&#10;A) released in response to somatomedins&#10;B) a promoter of protein synthesis&#10;C) released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary&#10;D) a tropic hormone

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone is a promoter of protein synthesis.

Question 11

Steroid hormones _______.&#10;A) use calcium ions as second messengers&#10;B) use cAMP as second messengers&#10;C) activate G proteins in the cell membrane&#10;D) turn specific genes on or off

Accepted Answer

The answer of Steroid hormones _______.&#10;A) use calcium ions as...

Question 12

A hormone that initiates changes in target cells that lead to some effects is referred to as a _______.&#10;A) second messenger&#10;B) transporter&#10;C) first messenger&#10;D) hypersecreter

Accepted Answer

The answer of A hormone that initiates changes in target...

Question 13

The _______ gland, shaped somewhat like a shield, lies anterior to the trachea and just below the larynx.&#10;A) parathyroid&#10;B) thalamus&#10;C) pituitary&#10;D) thyroid

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ gland, shaped somewhat like a...

Question 14

_______ are specific cells on which hormones act.&#10;A) Target cells&#10;B) Alpha cells&#10;C) Hormonal cells&#10;D) Prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are specific cells on which hormones...

Question 15

Hormone secretion is typically regulated by _______.&#10;A) the thyroid gland&#10;B) positive target tissues&#10;C) negative feedback&#10;D) oxytocin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hormone secretion is typically regulated by _______.&#10;A)...

Question 16

During lactation, _______ stimulates cells in the mammary glands to secrete milk.&#10;A) prolactin&#10;B) calmodulin&#10;C) ADH&#10;D) oxytocin

Accepted Answer

The answer of During lactation, _______ stimulates cells in the...

Question 17

The _______ is called the emergency gland of the body because it prepares us to cope with threatening situations.&#10;A) adrenal cortex&#10;B) adrenal medulla&#10;C) pineal gland&#10;D) thyroid

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ is called the emergency gland...

Question 18

Stress stimulates the _______ to secrete corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF).&#10;A) anterior pituitary&#10;B) hypothalamus&#10;C) pancreas&#10;D) posterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stress stimulates the _______ to secrete corticotrophin-releasing...

Question 19

_______ deficiency can lead to the condition called diabetes insipidus, in which enormous quantities of urine may be excreted.&#10;A) TSH&#10;B) Oxytocin&#10;C) FSH&#10;D) ADH

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ deficiency can lead to the condition...

Question 20

The main glucocorticoid is _______.&#10;A) epinephrine&#10;B) mineralocorticoid&#10;C) cortisol&#10;D) norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

The answer of The main glucocorticoid is _______.&#10;A) epinephrine&#10;B) mineralocorticoid&#10;C)...

Question 21

_______ interact(s) with other hormones to regulate various metabolic activities, such as reducing or raising blood pressure and stimulating contraction of the uterus.&#10;A) Prostaglandins&#10;B) Cortisol&#10;C) Cyclic AMP&#10;D) TSH

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ interact(s) with other hormones to regulate...

Question 22

_______ raises the blood glucose level by stimulating liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose.&#10;A) Insulin&#10;B) TSH&#10;C) Calcitonin&#10;D) Glucagon

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ raises the blood glucose level by...

Question 23

In diabetes mellitus, _______.&#10;A) insulin overstimulates cells to take in glucose&#10;B) cells turn to fat and protein for energy&#10;C) glucose cannot be detected in the urine&#10;D) alpha cells secrete too little glucagon

Accepted Answer

The answer of In diabetes mellitus, _______.&#10;A) insulin overstimulates cells...

Question 24

Aldosterone _______.&#10;A) promotes production of glucose from other nutrients&#10;B) increases cardiac output&#10;C) has masculinizing effects&#10;D) helps maintain sodium and potassium homeostasis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aldosterone _______.&#10;A) promotes production of glucose from...

Question 25

_______ stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus and stimulates release of milk from the breast.&#10;A) Antidiuretic hormone&#10;B) Thyroxine&#10;C) ADH&#10;D) Oxytocin

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in...

Question 26

The _______ hormones include thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone.&#10;A) gonadotropic&#10;B) hypothalamic&#10;C) tropic&#10;D) growth

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ hormones include thyroid stimulating hormone,...

Question 27

The adrenal medulla secretes _______.&#10;A) cortisol&#10;B) norepinephrine&#10;C) ACTH&#10;D) glucocorticoids

Accepted Answer

The answer of The adrenal medulla secretes _______.&#10;A) cortisol&#10;B) norepinephrine&#10;C)...

Question 28

Thymosin, produced by the thymus gland, plays a role in _______.&#10;A) immune responses&#10;B) reproduction&#10;C) growth&#10;D) facilitating sleep

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thymosin, produced by the thymus gland, plays...

Question 29

Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans produce the hormone _______.&#10;A) parathyroid hormone&#10;B) FSH&#10;C) insulin&#10;D) glucagon

Accepted Answer

The answer of Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans...

Question 30

Extreme _______ during childhood results in low metabolic rate and retarded mental and physical development, a condition known as cretinism.&#10;A) hypothyroidism&#10;B) hyperthyroidism&#10;C) hyposecretion of growth hormone&#10;D) hyposecretion of insulin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Extreme _______ during childhood results in low...

Question 31

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases two hormones, _______ and _______.&#10;A) oxytocin; parathyroid hormone&#10;B) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone&#10;C) antidiuretic hormone; growth hormone&#10;D) TSH; FSH

Accepted Answer

The answer of The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland...

Question 32

The parathyroid glands secrete _______, a small protein that regulates the calcium level of the blood and tissue fluid.&#10;A) thyroxine&#10;B) parathyroid hormone&#10;C) TSH&#10;D) calcitonin

Accepted Answer

The answer of The parathyroid glands secrete _______, a small...

Question 33

The anterior pituitary secretes _______, which promotes synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.&#10;A) thyroxine&#10;B) TSH&#10;C) FSH&#10;D) calcitonin

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anterior pituitary secretes _______, which promotes...

Question 34

Steroid hormones are relatively small molecules that _______.&#10;A) pass easily through the plasma membrane of a target cell&#10;B) use cAMP as a second messenger&#10;C) combine with receptors on the plasma membrane of the target cell&#10;D) trigger a chain of reactions that inhibit metabolism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Steroid hormones are relatively small molecules that...

Question 35

In _______, a gland increases its output to abnormally high levels, overstimulating target cells.&#10;A) hyposecretion&#10;B) exosecretion&#10;C) hypersecretion&#10;D) neurosecretion

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _______, a gland increases its output...

Question 36

A _______, associated with the plasma membrane, is activated by hormones to begin a series of molecular events.&#10;A) prostaglandin&#10;B) cAMP second messenger&#10;C) calmodulin molecule&#10;D) G protein

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _______, associated with the plasma membrane,...

Question 37

Epinephrine and norepinephrine _______.&#10;A) increase metabolic rate&#10;B) decrease blood pressure&#10;C) constrict the airway&#10;D) answers A, B, and C are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Epinephrine and norepinephrine _______.&#10;A) increase metabolic rate&#10;B)...

Question 38

The _______ releases GHRH and GHIH to regulate growth hormone secretion.&#10;A) anterior pituitary&#10;B) posterior pituitary&#10;C) hypothalamus&#10;D) pineal gland

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ releases GHRH and GHIH to...

Question 39

The _______ system helps regulate growth, reproduction, use of nutrients by cells, and fluid balance.&#10;A) exocrine&#10;B) endocrine&#10;C) lymphatic&#10;D) skeletal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ system helps regulate growth, reproduction,...

Question 40

_______ lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood.&#10;A) Insulin&#10;B) TSH&#10;C) Calcitonin&#10;D) Glucagon

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ lowers the concentration of glucose in...

Question 41

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;I __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 42

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;B __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 43

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;F __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 44

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;H __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 45

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;D __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 46

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;A __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 47

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;C __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 48

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;G __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 49

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;E __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Question 50

Why is it advantageous for endocrine glands to be ductless, releasing their secretions directly into surrounding interstitial (tissue) fluid or into the blood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it advantageous for endocrine glands...

Question 51

MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.&#10;   &#10;a.Pancreas&#10;b.Thymus&#10;c.Testis&#10;d.Hypothalamus&#10;e.Pituitary&#10;f.Pineal&#10;g.Ovary&#10;h.Parathyroid glands&#10;i.Adrenal&#10;j.Thyroid&#10;J __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Fill in the correct labels for the...

Deck 9: Endocrine Control