Deck 4: Case Studies 5-6 Alfred Alder: Contributions

Question 1

Using Erikson's psychosocial stages of development (especially the first through the fourth) analyze Chrystell's life by answering the following questions.
What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's second stage of psychosocial development? How did Chrystell resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?

Answer 1

In the second stage (muscular-anal) Chrystell faced the crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt.This crisis was successfully resolved because Chrystell's parents did not shame her during potty training and helped her to reach other milestones.Chrystell learned control.

Question 2

Which of Fromm's needs have been met for Betty? Which have not? Explain.How does Fromm's theory compare with Erikson's in their consideration of social influence?

Answer 2

Fromm suggested that we have needs including the needs for relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation.Betty has had her relatedness need met to a certain extent: She has a husband and children, and her children have families of their own.However, the physical distance between her and her children, and her emotional distance from her husband keep this need from being met completely.Betty's need for transcendence has also been met through her family.This need to move beyond our passive nature by creating life is often met through reproduction.Her need for rootedness was met when she stopped moving around to follow her husband's career.Betty's need for a sense of identity has not been fully met.Although she partially fulfilled this need through her relationships with others, she also conformed to the expectations of society (e.g., marrying in order to not be an "old maid"; choosing a socially acceptable career for a woman and then giving that up after she was married), rather than forming her own identity through development of her own sense of self.It is unclear from the case study whether Betty developed a frame of orientation.Her interest in marriage and motherhood roles suggests that this may be the focus of her philosophy of life but she also loses interest in making her marriage work.Fromm's and Erikson's theories are similar in their emphasis in that they both discuss the influence of social factors on personality.

Question 3

Using Erikson's psychosocial stages of development (especially the fourth through the eighth) analyze Betty's life by answering the following questions.
Would Erikson's theory suggest that Betty's behavior is internally or externally motivated? What motivates it? Which system of personality is most involved in personality, according to the theory?

Answer 3

Her behavior is externally motivated by social adaptation.Erikson focused his study of personality on the conscious processes of the ego.

Question 4

How would Rogers's concept of conditions of worth explain Betty's career choice? Her marriage to Cole? How is the emphasis of Rogers's theory different than that of Erikson's?

Question 5

Use Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism to explain how Chrystell's stuttering was resolved after her baby sister was born.How is Bandura's theory different from Erikson's in its emphasis?

Question 6

What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development? How did Betty resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?

Question 7

Using Erikson's psychosocial stages of development (especially the first through the fourth) analyze Chrystell's life by answering the following questions.
What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development? How did Chrystell resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?

Question 8

Erikson's theory is sometimes described as a good guide for parents.Find examples of this guidance in the case study and describe them.

Question 9

What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's sixth stage of psychosocial development? How did Betty resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?

Question 10

How could Sullivan's good mother/bad mother personification explain Chrystell's breastfeeding experiences? How is the emphasis of Sullivan's theory similar to that of Erikson's?

Question 11

Using Erikson's psychosocial stages of development (especially the first through the fourth) analyze Chrystell's life by answering the following questions.
What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's third stage of psychosocial development? How did Chrystell resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?

Question 12

How does Erikson's concept of initiative compare with Rotter's concept of locus of control?

Question 13

Using Erikson's psychosocial stages of development (especially the first through the fourth) analyze Chrystell's life by answering the following questions.
What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development? How did Chrystell resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?

Question 14

What could be expected in the eighth stage of Betty's life according to Erikson's theory?

Question 15

What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development? How did Betty resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?

Question 16

How could Maslow's theory explain Chrystell's experiences? Are all her needs fulfilled? Explain.How do Maslow's needs compare with the crises in Erikson's stages?

Question 17

What is the crisis experienced in Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development? How did Betty resolve this stage? What was the outcome of the crisis? Was it favorable or unfavorable?