Deck 24: Hiv and Aids

Question 1

When an HIV-infected patient's immune system is weakened by the virus and the person is more prone to infection, what is the most likely scenario?

A)The person's antigen receptors are weakened.
B)CD4 activity is impaired.
C)The body is not producing enough WBC.
D)The bone marrow is unable to differentiate lymphocytes.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a common complication of HIV/AIDS?

A)cardiomyophathy
B)neuropathy
C)UTI
D)pulmonary hypertension

Answer 2

C

Question 3

HIV is a(n) _____ and thus contains RNA that is transcribed into the host

A)CD4 virus
B)immunosuppressive agent
C)retrovirus
D)B cell killer

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Because HIV attacks a person's immune system, which specific cells are the most affected?

A)WBC
B)B cells
C)T cells
D)RBC

Question 5

Your patient is experiencing flu-like symptoms and has been engaging in risky sexual behaviors What is his likely diagnosis?

A)primary HIV infection
B)HIV encephalopathy
C)AIDS
D)Clinical Stage 2

Question 6

Which of the following criteria is considered an official diagnosis of AIDS in a person with HIV infection?

A)Karposi's sarcoma
B)CD4+ count < 400
C)recurrent diarrhea
D)CD4+ count comprises < 25% lymphocytes present

Question 7

One of the biggest challenges to the RD in providing nutrition therapy for HIV-infected patients is which of the following?

A)the progressive decrease in viral load
B)management of complications associated with opportunistic infections
C)lack of patient compliance
D)side effects of medications

Question 8

According to the CDC's clinical categories, a patient presenting with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy but no other HIV-related conditions is considered to be in which category?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 9

A nutritional concern with hepatic coinfections in HIV patients is:

A)increased gluconeogenesis.
B)intolerance of carbohydrate.
C)anemia.
D)lack of enzymes to metabolize macronutrients.

Question 10

Which of the following is treated with azithromycin?

A)Mycobacterium avium complex
B)candidiasis
C)hepatitis C
D)herpes simplex

Question 11

The _____ test allows for early detection of the virus and is followed by a confirmation test

A)Western Blot
B)IFA
C)ELISA
D)LIA

Question 12

Changes in body composition during AIDS-related wasting syndrome appear to fit the profile of:

A)hypoalbuminemia.
B)kwashiorkor.
C)marasmus.
D)a normally infected individual.

Question 13

One of the main complications of AIDS that contributes to a patient's mortality is:

A)a decrease in immune function.
B)opportunistic disease and malignancies.
C)metabolic derangements.
D)the lack of effectiveness of medications.

Question 14

According to the CDC's CD4 level categories, a CD4 count of 350 per microliter is considered which category?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 15

Which of the following does not directly contribute to weight loss in the HIV population?

A)decreased viral load
B)increased nutrient needs
C)opportunistic infections
D)decreased po intake

Question 16

The goal of administering antiretroviral medications is to:

A)decrease opportunistic infections.
B)eliminate the HIV virus.
C)assist in proliferation of T cells.
D)decrease viral load.

Question 17

The most nutritionally compromising result of HIV infection invading the GI tract is:

A)the resulting lack of appetite.
B)the resulting inability to metabolize fiber.
C)the resulting malabsorption.
D)the resulting decreased immune function.

Question 18

The main cause of LBM depletion in the HIV-infected person is which of the following?

A)lack of protein intake
B)elevated protein turnover rates
C)depleted protein synthesis
D)deranged metabolism of amino acids

Question 19

Which of the following is not a way of transmitting HIV?

A)shared needles
B)mother to fetus
C)transfusion
D)kissing

Question 20

The heaviest concentration of HIV-infected persons is found among which of the following?

A)gay American males
B)European sexually active females
C)children born to infected mothers
D)residents of African countries

Question 21

As HIV progresses and immunity continues to be impaired, low levels of _____ are associated with neurologic changes

A)B12
B)B6
C)folic acid
D)thiamin

Question 22

Case Study Multiple Choice
TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year.
HT: 6'0 WT: 156#
How much of his body weight has TW lost?

A)19.2%
B)16.1%
C)9.4%
D)10.8%

Question 23

Which of the following terms describes the condition where fat is redistributed towards the central area of the body?

A)elevated protein turnover
B)kwashiorkor
C)lipodystrophy
D)anasarca

Question 24

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication.
HT: 5'2 WT: 129# UBW: 136# (3 months ago)
CD4: 451 cells/µL Alb: 2.9 mg/dL
NP has decided to continue visiting the registered dietitian in order to stay nutritionally stable Which of the following will the registered dietitian use when NP returns to measure her muscle status?

A)albumin
B)BIA
C)CD4+ count
D)TSF

Question 25

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication.
HT: 5'2 WT: 129# UBW: 136# (3 months ago)
CD4: 451 cells/µL Alb: 2.9 mg/dL
Given NP's laboratory data, what cell count category is she in?

A)Category 1
B)Category 2
C)Category 3
D)unable to tell

Question 26

Case Study Multiple Choice
TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year.
HT: 6'0 WT: 156#
What type of medication would TW be prescribed for his candidiasis?

A)mouth wash
B)isoniazid
C)fluconazole
D)ART

Question 27

Case Study Multiple Choice
TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year.
HT: 6'0 WT: 156#
What is TW's % UBW?

A)88%
B)90%
C)113%
D)84%

Question 28

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication.
HT: 5'2 WT: 129# UBW: 136# (3 months ago)
CD4: 451 cells/µL Alb: 2.9 mg/dL
Which of the following will the registered dietitian use when NP returns to measure her fat stores?

A)albumin
B)BIA
C)CD4 count
D)TSF

Question 29

Case Study Multiple Choice
TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year.
HT: 6'0 WT: 156#
The registered dietitian completes his/her assessment on TW It can also be determined that TW has:

A)non-compliance with taking prescribed medications.
B)severe diarrhea.
C)AIDS-related wasting syndrome.
D)lipodystrophy syndrome.

Question 30

Case Study Multiple Choice
TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year.
HT: 6'0 WT: 156#
Which side effect of the above may potentially affect his intake?

A)weight loss
B)dehydration
C)diarrhea
D)taste changes

Question 31

You have a patient diagnosed with AIDS-related wasting syndrome Which of the following nutrition therapy regimens would likely yield the best results for this patient?

A)education on preventing opportunistic infection
B)Megace and adequate kcal and protein
C)increasing micronutrients
D)exercising and added protein

Question 32

Case Study Multiple Choice
TW is a 45 yo M who presents to the hospital with candidiasis, malaise, and diarrhea.He reports that he finally came into the hospital because he has had diarrhea for over 4 weeks and is just "sick and tired." He cannot eat very much because of the "sores in my mouth." He doesn't know how much weight he has lost in total but it has been at least 30# since he was at the outpatient clinic last year.
HT: 6'0 WT: 156#
All of the following are potential treatments for the above except:

A)chromium.
B)oxandrolone.
C)megestrol acetate.
D)growth hormone.

Question 33

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication.
HT: 5'2 WT: 129# UBW: 136# (3 months ago)
CD4: 451 cells/µL Alb: 2.9 mg/dL
How much body weight loss has NP experienced?

A)5.1%
B)16.1%
C)3.4%
D)10.8%

Question 34

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication.
HT: 5'2 WT: 129# UBW: 136# (3 months ago)
CD4: 451 cells/µL Alb: 2.9 mg/dL
What is NP's % UBW?

A)89%
B)95%
C)110%
D)117%

Question 35

Low values of which of the following micronutrients are associated with inflammatory processes and poor immune function in the HIV-positive individual?

A)vitamin E
B)pyroxidine
C)zinc
D)folic acid

Question 36

NP is a 30 yo F who was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago after exposure to the virus as a result of sharing needles.She has come to an outpatient clinic to get her medications and is now being visited by a registered dietitian.She reports that a physician diagnosed her with listeriosis three months ago and prescribed anti-diarrheal medication.
HT: 5'2 WT: 129# UBW: 136# (3 months ago)
CD4: 451 cells/µL Alb: 2.9 mg/dL
Given NP's laboratory data, what clinical category is she in?

A)Category A
B)Category B
C)Category C
D)Category N

Question 37

A continued _____ response to HIV infection leads to breakdown of labile body protein stores to feed the inflammatory response

A)C-reactive protein
B)epinephrine
C)acetocholine
D)cortisol