Question 1

When ascites is present, which nutrition modification is typically used?&#10;A)fluid restriction&#10;B)low sodium&#10;C)low protein&#10;D)high vitamin K

Accepted Answer

When ascites is present, the most common nutrition modification is a low sodium diet, which can help decrease the amount of fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Fluid restriction may also be necessary, but it is typically paired with a low sodium diet. Low protein diets are not typically recommended, as protein is necessary for maintaining muscle mass and for healing. High vitamin K diets may be recommended for individuals taking anticoagulant medications, but it is not directly related to ascites. In the presence of ascites, a low-sodium diet is typically recommended. This is because excess sodium intake can make the fluid retention worse. Fluid restriction may be used in severe cases, but a low-sodium diet is usually the first modification. A low-protein diet may be used in cases of hepatic encephalopathy, but not necessarily in ascites. High vitamin K is not typically used in the management of ascites.

Question 2

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is mostly related to which of the following conditions?&#10;A)obesity&#10;B)diabetes&#10;C)consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids&#10;D)anorexia

Accepted Answer

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is most commonly associated with obesity, as excess body fat can lead to fat accumulation in the liver.

Question 3

When glucose levels fall, the liver also produces additional glucose through the conversion of amino acids to glucose, which is called _____&#10;A)ketosis&#10;B)gluconeogenesis&#10;C)glycogenolysis&#10;D)glycogenesis

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, in the liver. Ketosis is the process of producing ketone bodies from the breakdown of fatty acids, and is not related to glucose production. Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, but does not involve the conversion of amino acids to glucose. Glycogenesis is the process of storing glucose as glycogen, and is also not related to the conversion of amino acids to glucose. The production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids is called gluconeogenesis, which is a key process in maintaining glucose levels when dietary sources are insufficient or unavailable. Ketosis is the process of producing ketone bodies as an alternative fuel source when glucose levels are low, but it is not the primary response of the liver to low glucose levels. Glycogenolysis refers to the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which is also a way for the liver to release glucose into circulation, but it is not the process of producing glucose from amino acids. Glycogenesis is the process of synthesizing glycogen from glucose, which is the opposite of glycogenolysis and is not the liver's response to low glucose levels.

Question 4

The _____ store(s) bile that is produced in the liver&#10;A)pancreas&#10;B)gallbladder&#10;C)kidneys&#10;D)spleen

Accepted Answer

The gallbladder stores bile that is produced in the liver. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones, the kidneys filter blood and produce urine, and the spleen filters blood and stores red blood cells. The gallbladder is the organ that stores bile, which is produced in the liver. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones, but it does not store bile. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and the spleen helps to filter blood and produce white blood cells, neither of which are involved in bile storage.

Question 5

Which of the following values is typically elevated among patients with fatty liver?&#10;A)serum albumin&#10;B)red blood cell count&#10;C)blood sugar levels&#10;D)serum transaminases

Accepted Answer

Serum transaminases, specifically alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), are typically elevated in patients with fatty liver disease. Elevations in ALT and AST levels indicate liver inflammation and damage, which are common in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Elevated transaminases are often one of the first markers of liver disease and can help in the diagnosis and management of fatty liver disease. Elevated serum transaminases, specifically alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), are a common finding in patients with fatty liver. These enzymes are released from damaged liver cells and can indicate inflammation and liver injury.

Question 6

Hemolytic jaundice in characterized by a(n):&#10;A)increased destruction of albumin with the accumulation of bilirubin.&#10;B)decreased destruction of albumin with the accumulation of bilirubin.&#10;C)increased destruction of RBCs with the accumulation of bilirubin.&#10;D)decreased destruction of RBCs with the accumulation of bilirubin.

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic jaundice is characterized by an increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to an accumulation of bilirubin. Bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of heme in RBCs, and increased RBC breakdown results in elevated bilirubin levels, leading to jaundice. Hemolytic jaundice is caused by the increased destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). This leads to an increase in the breakdown product of RBCs, bilirubin, which accumulates in the blood and leads to jaundice.

Question 7

Bile salts aid the absorption of fatty acids by forming _____, which are soluble in the chyme&#10;A)micelles&#10;B)chylomicrons&#10;C)soaps&#10;D)acids

Accepted Answer

Bile salts emulsify fats into small droplets that can be more easily broken down by lipases. The small droplets then form micelles, which are small water-soluble spheres that can easily traverse the mucus layer and enter the enterocyte. Once inside, the fatty acids can be reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons for transport through the lymphatic system. Chylomicrons are not formed by bile salts themselves. So, option B is not correct. Soaps are not formed by bile salts. So, option C is not correct. Bile salts are not acids. So, option D is not correct. Bile salts aid the absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine by forming micelles, which are small molecules that surround and solubilize fats, allowing them to be absorbed more easily. Chylomicrons are larger particles composed of lipids and proteins that transport lipids from the small intestine to the rest of the body. Soaps and acids do not aid in the absorption of fatty acids.

Question 8

The liver is responsible for the conversion of _____ to urea&#10;A)ammonia&#10;B)glucose&#10;C)amino acids&#10;D)fatty acids

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for converting ammonia, which is a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism, into urea, which can then be safely excreted by the kidneys. Glucose is converted into glycogen in the liver, while amino acids can be used for protein synthesis or energy production. Fatty acids can be oxidized for energy production or used for the synthesis of lipids. Ammonia is converted to urea in the liver through a process called the urea cycle. This allows for the safe excretion of excess nitrogen from the body through urine.

Question 9

What treatment can we use for both HBV and HCV?&#10;A)steroids&#10;B)immunosuppressants&#10;C)interferon&#10;D)neomycin

Accepted Answer

Interferon can be used for both HBV and HCV treatment as it helps boost the immune system's ability to fight the viral infection. Steroids and immunosuppressants may actually worsen the infections, and neomycin is an antibiotic that is not effective against viruses. Interferon is the only treatment that can be used for both HBV and HCV infections. Steroids and immunosuppressants are not effective against viral infections, and neomycin is an antibiotic that only works against bacteria, not viruses.

Question 10

Delta cells of the pancreas are responsible for secreting:&#10;A)somatostatin.&#10;B)glucagon.&#10;C)insulin.&#10;D)amylase.

Accepted Answer

Delta cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin, which inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon. Delta cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin, which acts as a regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion. These cells do not secrete glucagon, insulin or amylase.

Question 11

Which type of hepatitis is usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route?&#10;A)HAV&#10;B)HBV&#10;C)HCV&#10;D)HEV

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of hepatitis is usually transmitted...

Question 12

In end stages of liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy occurs Which of the following is not among the symptoms associated with this condition?&#10;A)congestive heart failure&#10;B)asterixis&#10;C)confusion&#10;D)coma

Accepted Answer

The answer of In end stages of liver disease, hepatic...

Question 13

The most common clinical manifestations of hepatitis include all of the following except:&#10;A)jaundice.&#10;B)hepatomegaly.&#10;C)elevated blood glucose levels.&#10;D)elevated bilirubin levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common clinical manifestations of hepatitis...

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the four major hypotheses for the etiology of hepatic encephalopathy?&#10;A)the ammonia hypothesis&#10;B)the synergistic neurotoxin hypothesis&#10;C)the false neurotransmitter hypothesis&#10;D)the viral hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not one...

Question 15

Which of the following symptoms would not typically be experienced by the individual with hepatitis?&#10;A)anorexia&#10;B)nausea and vomiting&#10;C)light-colored urine&#10;D)jaundice

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following symptoms would not...

Question 16

The leading cause of liver transplantation is:&#10;A)hepatitis A.&#10;B)hepatitis B.&#10;C)hepatitis C.&#10;D)hepatitis D.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The leading cause of liver transplantation is:&#10;A)hepatitis...

Question 17

When serum NH3 is high, which of the following medications is used to assist in lowering the level?&#10;A)neomycin&#10;B)lactulose&#10;C)anti-NH3 metabolite&#10;D)vitamin K

Accepted Answer

The answer of When serum NH3 is high, which of...

Question 18

Jaundice is usually caused by which of the following?&#10;A)high levels of albumin&#10;B)low levels of albumin&#10;C)high levels of bilirubin&#10;D)low levels of bilirubin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jaundice is usually caused by which of...

Question 19

Hepatitis A, the most common form of hepatitis, is generally transmitted via:&#10;A)the oral/fecal route.&#10;B)blood.&#10;C)parenteral nutrition.&#10;D)excessive ETOH intake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hepatitis A, the most common form of...

Question 20

_____ is a syndrome of impaired mental status and abnormal neuromuscular function resulting from major failure of liver function&#10;A)Hepatic stenosis&#10;B)Hepatic encephalopathy&#10;C)Fulminant hepatic failure&#10;D)Hepatomegaly

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a syndrome of impaired mental...

Question 21

In the liver, ethanol is metabolized to _____ that is then converted to _____&#10;A)acetate, alcohol&#10;B)acetaldehyde, acetate&#10;C)alcohol, acetaldehyde&#10;D)acetaldehyde, alcohol

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the liver, ethanol is metabolized to...

Question 22

The most common sign of folate deficiency is:&#10;A)microcytic anemia.&#10;B)megaloblastic anemia.&#10;C)pernicious anemia.&#10;D)hemolytic anemia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common sign of folate deficiency...

Question 23

Theoretically, it is thought that certain types of amino acids are better utilized in hepatic encephalopathy Which amino acids are recommended to be avoided when the client is potentially encephalopathic?

A)sulfur-containing amino acids
B)aromatic amino acids
C)branched-chain amino acids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Theoretically, it is thought that certain types...

Question 24

All of the following are pathways in the liver that metabolize alcohol except _____&#10;A)the ADH pathway in the cytosol&#10;B)the MEOS pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum&#10;C)catalase in peroxisomes&#10;D)lysosome activity in the cytosol

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are pathways in...

Question 25

Cholelithiasis is:&#10;A)an infection of the gallbladder.&#10;B)a complication that occurs when the sphincter of Oddi fails to open properly.&#10;C)the formation of gallstones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cholelithiasis is:&#10;A)an infection of the gallbladder.&#10;B)a complication...

Question 26

In the absence of encephalopathy, what daily protein range is appropriate in liver failure?&#10;A)0.8-1 g/kg of dry body weight&#10;B)1.0-1.2 g/kg of dry body weight&#10;C)1.2-1.5 g/kg of dry body weight&#10;D)2 g/kg of dry body weight

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the absence of encephalopathy, what daily...

Question 27

The liver stores carbohydrate as _____ The symptom of _____ commonly occurs in liver disorders because of the limited storage of this nutrient&#10;A)glycogen, hyperglycemia&#10;B)glycogen, hypoglycemia&#10;C)triglycerides, ketosis&#10;D)triglycerides, ascites

Accepted Answer

The answer of The liver stores carbohydrate as _____ The...

Question 28

When someone experiences acute cholangitis, nutrition therapy should include:&#10;A)a low-fat diet.&#10;B)small, frequent meals.&#10;C)a diet high in soluble fiber.&#10;D)an NPO order.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When someone experiences acute cholangitis, nutrition therapy...

Question 29

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with excessive alcohol intake and a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?&#10;A)thiamin&#10;B)vitamin B12&#10;C)folate&#10;D)vitamin B6

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with excessive alcohol...

Question 30

An appropriate recommendation for a patient with chronic cholecystitis is to:&#10;A)consume a liberal diet.&#10;B)decrease fat intake.&#10;C)lower sodium intake.&#10;D)decrease protein intake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An appropriate recommendation for a patient with...

Question 31

When the biliary tract is obstructed, the bile flow is interrupted What symptoms result?&#10;A)jaundice and bloody stools&#10;B)pale stools and jaundice&#10;C)bloody stools and ascites&#10;D)ascites and pale stools

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the biliary tract is obstructed, the...

Question 32

Major complications that are associated with cirrhosis include all of the following except:&#10;A)portal HTN.&#10;B)ascites.&#10;C)hepatic encephalopathy.&#10;D)hepatic stenosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Major complications that are associated with cirrhosis...

Question 33

The alcoholic is at risk for malnutrition because of all of the following except:&#10;A)impaired digestion and absorption.&#10;B)replacement of food by alcohol.&#10;C)altered metabolism of some nutrients.&#10;D)decreased excretion of some vitamins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The alcoholic is at risk for malnutrition...

Question 34

Alcohol increases the excretion of which of the following vitamins?&#10;A)vitamin K&#10;B)vitamin B12&#10;C)vitamin B6&#10;D)vitamin C

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alcohol increases the excretion of which of...

Question 35

A chronic liver disease in which healthy tissue is replaced by scar tissue is known as which of the following?&#10;A)steatosis&#10;B)cirrhosis&#10;C)encephalopathy&#10;D)hepatomegaly

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chronic liver disease in which healthy...

Question 36

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder of epithelial transport and is one of the most common lethal inherited disorders of which ethnic group?&#10;A)Caucasians&#10;B)African-Americans&#10;C)Hispanics&#10;D)Native-Americans

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder of...

Question 37

The overall 5-year patient survival rate for a liver transplant is _____&#10;A)86%&#10;B)55%&#10;C)73%&#10;D)29%

Accepted Answer

The answer of The overall 5-year patient survival rate for...

Question 38

Your patient has ascites due to cirrhosis The treatment consists of all of the following except:&#10;A)restricting the daily sodium intake to less than 2 g/day.&#10;B)adequate kcal to meet energy requirements.&#10;C)diuretics.&#10;D)decreasing intake of protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has ascites due to cirrhosis...

Question 39

Gallstones are made of&#10;A)protein, bilirubin, and calcium salts.&#10;B)triglycerides, bilirubin, and calcium salts.&#10;C)cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gallstones are made of&#10;A)protein, bilirubin, and calcium...

Question 40

What is the recommended daily protein intake for patients with alcohol dependency?&#10;A)0.5-0.8 grams/kilogram&#10;B)0.8-1.0 grams/kilogram&#10;C)1.0-1.5 grams/kilogram&#10;D)1.5-2.0 grams/kilogram

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the recommended daily protein intake...

Question 41

In a hospital that follows the traditional practice, the initial diet order for someone with acute pancreatitis is most likely to be&#10;A)low fat.&#10;B)clear liquids.&#10;C)NPO.&#10;D)high fiber.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a hospital that follows the traditional...

Question 42

What medication is given with meals to assist with malabsorption?&#10;A)insulin&#10;B)glucagon&#10;C)pancreatic enzymes&#10;D)medium-chain triglycerides

Accepted Answer

The answer of What medication is given with meals to...

Question 43

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53 yo male who was recently divorced.He has experienced periods of depression and decreased appetite.Family reports history of heavy drinking habits and 15# weight lost.He was previously diagnosed with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and paracentesis and TIPS procedures were performed.Mr.JB's condition seems to have worsened; he c/o stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting at times.His abdomen is sore to touch and feels swollen.Mr.JB has developed ascites and pedal edema; his urinary output has decreased and he continues to lose weight.Mr.JB also c/o pain when swallowing food.Because of JB's persistent symptoms, he's been admitted to the hospital.&#10;A referral to the SLP for a MBS was also ordered and resulted in dysphagia, pureed diet recommended.By day 2 Mr.JB still c/o of nausea and no po intake has been reported.The MD rx'd dietary consult: RD to assess patient and recommend alternate means of nutrition support, currently NPO.&#10;Ht: 5'11'' Wt: 145# UBW: 163#&#10;Dx: End-stage liver cirrhosis, dysphagia&#10;PMH: alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension&#10;Labs:&#10;Na: 134 Cl: 101 BUN: 4 Alb: 2.3 TG: 305 Transferrin: 101 NH4: 53&#10;Glu: 139 AST: 45 ALT 48 Alk Phos: 40 Billirubin: 2.1&#10;K: 5.2 CO&#8322;: 25 Cr: 1.8 H/H: 11/35&#10;Diet: NPO&#10;Meds: Neomycin, Aldactone, Lasix, Reglan&#10;What will the registered dietitian recommend for JB's ascites?&#10;A)high-fiber foods&#10;B)high-fat foods&#10;C)fluid and sodium restrictions&#10;D)fluid restriction only

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53...

Question 44

SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB c/o abdominal pain, often severe, nausea, and vomiting.She then began to experience back pain and reports seeing a little oil in her stool.SB says that she is unable to eat anything because she just vomits it back up.Because of SB's persistent symptoms, she checked into the hospital and an ultrasound and CT scan was administered.SB was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis.SB was NPO until symptoms ceased and was given Demerol.By day 5, SB's N/V had not yet been alleviated.SB was scheduled for a nasogastric suctioning.
Ht: 5'5" Wt: 145# UBW: 175#
Dx: severe acute pancreatitis
PMH: cholelithiasis s/p shock-wave lithotripsy
Labs:
Ser Ca: 5 mg/dL Amy: 122 U/L Alb: 3.0 g/dL Hct: 34%
Mg: 1.4 mEq/L Lip: 65 U/L Transferrin: 210 mg/dL Hb: 12.3
TG: 387 mg/dL
Meds: Demerol
Diet: NPO
SB has now progressed to chronic pancreatitis and is malabsorbing fat The registered dietitian has decided to initiate PN In his/her calculations for the PN prescription, how much fat should the dietitian recommend?

A)15-30% of kcal
B)30-40% of kcal
C)70-80 grams/day
D)110 grams/day

Accepted Answer

The answer of SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB...

Question 45

Which of the following is typically elevated as a result of pancreatitis?&#10;A)weight&#10;B)serum amylase and lipase&#10;C)serum ammonia&#10;D)urine output

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is typically elevated...

Question 46

SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB c/o abdominal pain, often severe, nausea, and vomiting.She then began to experience back pain and reports seeing a little oil in her stool.SB says that she is unable to eat anything because she just vomits it back up.Because of SB's persistent symptoms, she checked into the hospital and an ultrasound and CT scan was administered.SB was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis.SB was NPO until symptoms ceased and was given Demerol.By day 5, SB's N/V had not yet been alleviated.SB was scheduled for a nasogastric suctioning.
Ht: 5'5" Wt: 145# UBW: 175#
Dx: severe acute pancreatitis
PMH: cholelithiasis s/p shock-wave lithotripsy
Labs:
Ser Ca: 5 mg/dL Amy: 122 U/L Alb: 3.0 g/dL Hct: 34%
Mg: 1.4 mEq/L Lip: 65 U/L Transferrin: 210 mg/dL Hb: 12.3
TG: 387 mg/dL
Meds: Demerol
Diet: NPO
In addition to the above, what nutrient supplement will the RD prescribe for SB now that she has chronic pancreatitis?

A)calcium
B)iron
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin B12

Accepted Answer

The answer of SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB...

Question 47

SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB c/o abdominal pain, often severe, nausea, and vomiting.She then began to experience back pain and reports seeing a little oil in her stool.SB says that she is unable to eat anything because she just vomits it back up.Because of SB's persistent symptoms, she checked into the hospital and an ultrasound and CT scan was administered.SB was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis.SB was NPO until symptoms ceased and was given Demerol.By day 5, SB's N/V had not yet been alleviated.SB was scheduled for a nasogastric suctioning.
Ht: 5'5" Wt: 145# UBW: 175#
Dx: severe acute pancreatitis
PMH: cholelithiasis s/p shock-wave lithotripsy
Labs:
Ser Ca: 5 mg/dL Amy: 122 U/L Alb: 3.0 g/dL Hct: 34%
Mg: 1.4 mEq/L Lip: 65 U/L Transferrin: 210 mg/dL Hb: 12.3
TG: 387 mg/dL
Meds: Demerol
Diet: NPO
SB has now progressed to chronic pancreatitis and is malabsorbing fat The registered dietitian has decided to initiate PN In his/her calculations for the PN prescription, how much fat should the dietitian recommend?

A)15-30% of kcal
B)30-40% of kcal
C)70-80 grams/day
D)110 grams/day

Accepted Answer

The answer of SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB...

Question 48

SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB c/o abdominal pain, often severe, nausea, and vomiting.She then began to experience back pain and reports seeing a little oil in her stool.SB says that she is unable to eat anything because she just vomits it back up.Because of SB's persistent symptoms, she checked into the hospital and an ultrasound and CT scan was administered.SB was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis.SB was NPO until symptoms ceased and was given Demerol.By day 5, SB's N/V had not yet been alleviated.SB was scheduled for a nasogastric suctioning.
Ht: 5'5" Wt: 145# UBW: 175#
Dx: severe acute pancreatitis
PMH: cholelithiasis s/p shock-wave lithotripsy
Labs:
Ser Ca: 5 mg/dL Amy: 122 U/L Alb: 3.0 g/dL Hct: 34%
Mg: 1.4 mEq/L Lip: 65 U/L Transferrin: 210 mg/dL Hb: 12.3
TG: 387 mg/dL
Meds: Demerol
Diet: NPO
The registered dietitian can attempt to introduce an oral diet when what changes in SB's case?

A)patient verbalizes desire to eat
B)there is no more fat in the stool
C)albumin normalizes
D)amylase and lipase normalize

Accepted Answer

The answer of SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB...

Question 49

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53 yo male who was recently divorced.He has experienced periods of depression and decreased appetite.Family reports history of heavy drinking habits and 15# weight lost.He was previously diagnosed with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and paracentesis and TIPS procedures were performed.Mr.JB's condition seems to have worsened; he c/o stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting at times.His abdomen is sore to touch and feels swollen.Mr.JB has developed ascites and pedal edema; his urinary output has decreased and he continues to lose weight.Mr.JB also c/o pain when swallowing food.Because of JB's persistent symptoms, he's been admitted to the hospital.&#10;A referral to the SLP for a MBS was also ordered and resulted in dysphagia, pureed diet recommended.By day 2 Mr.JB still c/o of nausea and no po intake has been reported.The MD rx'd dietary consult: RD to assess patient and recommend alternate means of nutrition support, currently NPO.&#10;Ht: 5'11'' Wt: 145# UBW: 163#&#10;Dx: End-stage liver cirrhosis, dysphagia&#10;PMH: alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension&#10;Labs:&#10;Na: 134 Cl: 101 BUN: 4 Alb: 2.3 TG: 305 Transferrin: 101 NH4: 53&#10;Glu: 139 AST: 45 ALT 48 Alk Phos: 40 Billirubin: 2.1&#10;K: 5.2 CO&#8322;: 25 Cr: 1.8 H/H: 11/35&#10;Diet: NPO&#10;Meds: Neomycin, Aldactone, Lasix, Reglan&#10;How will the registered dietitian determine JB's caloric needs?&#10;A)20-25 kcal/kg IBW&#10;B)25-30 kcal/kg UBW&#10;C)30-35 kcal/kg current body weight&#10;D)35-40 kcal/kg current body weight

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53...

Question 50

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53 yo male who was recently divorced.He has experienced periods of depression and decreased appetite.Family reports history of heavy drinking habits and 15# weight lost.He was previously diagnosed with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and paracentesis and TIPS procedures were performed.Mr.JB's condition seems to have worsened; he c/o stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting at times.His abdomen is sore to touch and feels swollen.Mr.JB has developed ascites and pedal edema; his urinary output has decreased and he continues to lose weight.Mr.JB also c/o pain when swallowing food.Because of JB's persistent symptoms, he's been admitted to the hospital.&#10;A referral to the SLP for a MBS was also ordered and resulted in dysphagia, pureed diet recommended.By day 2 Mr.JB still c/o of nausea and no po intake has been reported.The MD rx'd dietary consult: RD to assess patient and recommend alternate means of nutrition support, currently NPO.&#10;Ht: 5'11'' Wt: 145# UBW: 163#&#10;Dx: End-stage liver cirrhosis, dysphagia&#10;PMH: alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension&#10;Labs:&#10;Na: 134 Cl: 101 BUN: 4 Alb: 2.3 TG: 305 Transferrin: 101 NH4: 53&#10;Glu: 139 AST: 45 ALT 48 Alk Phos: 40 Billirubin: 2.1&#10;K: 5.2 CO&#8322;: 25 Cr: 1.8 H/H: 11/35&#10;Diet: NPO&#10;Meds: Neomycin, Aldactone, Lasix, Reglan&#10;The registered dietitian has performed a complete nutrition assessment Which of the following nutrition assessment parameters is going to be invalid due to JB's condition?&#10;A)AST/ALT&#10;B)weight&#10;C)patient intake history&#10;D)triglycerides

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53...

Question 51

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53 yo male who was recently divorced.He has experienced periods of depression and decreased appetite.Family reports history of heavy drinking habits and 15# weight lost.He was previously diagnosed with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and paracentesis and TIPS procedures were performed.Mr.JB's condition seems to have worsened; he c/o stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting at times.His abdomen is sore to touch and feels swollen.Mr.JB has developed ascites and pedal edema; his urinary output has decreased and he continues to lose weight.Mr.JB also c/o pain when swallowing food.Because of JB's persistent symptoms, he's been admitted to the hospital.&#10;A referral to the SLP for a MBS was also ordered and resulted in dysphagia, pureed diet recommended.By day 2 Mr.JB still c/o of nausea and no po intake has been reported.The MD rx'd dietary consult: RD to assess patient and recommend alternate means of nutrition support, currently NPO.&#10;Ht: 5'11'' Wt: 145# UBW: 163#&#10;Dx: End-stage liver cirrhosis, dysphagia&#10;PMH: alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension&#10;Labs:&#10;Na: 134 Cl: 101 BUN: 4 Alb: 2.3 TG: 305 Transferrin: 101 NH4: 53&#10;Glu: 139 AST: 45 ALT 48 Alk Phos: 40 Billirubin: 2.1&#10;K: 5.2 CO&#8322;: 25 Cr: 1.8 H/H: 11/35&#10;Diet: NPO&#10;Meds: Neomycin, Aldactone, Lasix, Reglan&#10;Following the paracentesis, the registered dietitian might add additional _____ to his/her nutrition prescription&#10;A)vitamins&#10;B)fluids&#10;C)protein&#10;D)minerals

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53...

Question 52

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53 yo male who was recently divorced.He has experienced periods of depression and decreased appetite.Family reports history of heavy drinking habits and 15# weight lost.He was previously diagnosed with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and paracentesis and TIPS procedures were performed.Mr.JB's condition seems to have worsened; he c/o stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting at times.His abdomen is sore to touch and feels swollen.Mr.JB has developed ascites and pedal edema; his urinary output has decreased and he continues to lose weight.Mr.JB also c/o pain when swallowing food.Because of JB's persistent symptoms, he's been admitted to the hospital.&#10;A referral to the SLP for a MBS was also ordered and resulted in dysphagia, pureed diet recommended.By day 2 Mr.JB still c/o of nausea and no po intake has been reported.The MD rx'd dietary consult: RD to assess patient and recommend alternate means of nutrition support, currently NPO.&#10;Ht: 5'11'' Wt: 145# UBW: 163#&#10;Dx: End-stage liver cirrhosis, dysphagia&#10;PMH: alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension&#10;Labs:&#10;Na: 134 Cl: 101 BUN: 4 Alb: 2.3 TG: 305 Transferrin: 101 NH4: 53&#10;Glu: 139 AST: 45 ALT 48 Alk Phos: 40 Billirubin: 2.1&#10;K: 5.2 CO&#8322;: 25 Cr: 1.8 H/H: 11/35&#10;Diet: NPO&#10;Meds: Neomycin, Aldactone, Lasix, Reglan&#10;Due to JB's history, the registered dietitian might be concerned with status of all of the following except:&#10;A)thiamin.&#10;B)vitamin E.&#10;C)vitamin C.&#10;D)folic acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53...

Question 53

SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB c/o abdominal pain, often severe, nausea, and vomiting.She then began to experience back pain and reports seeing a little oil in her stool.SB says that she is unable to eat anything because she just vomits it back up.Because of SB's persistent symptoms, she checked into the hospital and an ultrasound and CT scan was administered.SB was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis.SB was NPO until symptoms ceased and was given Demerol.By day 5, SB's N/V had not yet been alleviated.SB was scheduled for a nasogastric suctioning.
Ht: 5'5" Wt: 145# UBW: 175#
Dx: severe acute pancreatitis
PMH: cholelithiasis s/p shock-wave lithotripsy
Labs:
Ser Ca: 5 mg/dL Amy: 122 U/L Alb: 3.0 g/dL Hct: 34%
Mg: 1.4 mEq/L Lip: 65 U/L Transferrin: 210 mg/dL Hb: 12.3
TG: 387 mg/dL
Meds: Demerol
Diet: NPO
The registered dietitian can attempt to introduce an oral diet when what changes in SB's case?

A)patient verbalizes desire to eat
B)there is no more fat in the stool
C)albumin normalizes
D)amylase and lipase normalize

Accepted Answer

The answer of SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB...

Question 54

Traditionally, we have made the patient with pancreatitis NPO in order to minimize the stimulation to the pancreas Recent research indicates that enteral feeding during pancreatitis may be beneficial Why?&#10;A)promote negative nitrogen balance&#10;B)reduce complications and infections&#10;C)decrease release of pancreatic enzymes&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditionally, we have made the patient with...

Question 55

The primary cause of chronic pancreatitis in US adults is&#10;A)diabetes.&#10;B)cystic fibrosis.&#10;C)alcohol ingestion.&#10;D)smoking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary cause of chronic pancreatitis in...

Question 56

SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB c/o abdominal pain, often severe, nausea, and vomiting.She then began to experience back pain and reports seeing a little oil in her stool.SB says that she is unable to eat anything because she just vomits it back up.Because of SB's persistent symptoms, she checked into the hospital and an ultrasound and CT scan was administered.SB was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis.SB was NPO until symptoms ceased and was given Demerol.By day 5, SB's N/V had not yet been alleviated.SB was scheduled for a nasogastric suctioning.
Ht: 5'5" Wt: 145# UBW: 175#
Dx: severe acute pancreatitis
PMH: cholelithiasis s/p shock-wave lithotripsy
Labs:
Ser Ca: 5 mg/dL Amy: 122 U/L Alb: 3.0 g/dL Hct: 34%
Mg: 1.4 mEq/L Lip: 65 U/L Transferrin: 210 mg/dL Hb: 12.3
TG: 387 mg/dL
Meds: Demerol
Diet: NPO
The registered dietitian can attempt to introduce an oral diet when what changes in SB's case?

A)patient verbalizes desire to eat
B)there is no more fat in the stool
C)albumin normalizes
D)amylase and lipase normalize

Accepted Answer

The answer of SB is a 60-year-old retired sales associate.SB...

Question 57

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53 yo male who was recently divorced.He has experienced periods of depression and decreased appetite.Family reports history of heavy drinking habits and 15# weight lost.He was previously diagnosed with cirrhosis and portal hypertension and paracentesis and TIPS procedures were performed.Mr.JB's condition seems to have worsened; he c/o stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting at times.His abdomen is sore to touch and feels swollen.Mr.JB has developed ascites and pedal edema; his urinary output has decreased and he continues to lose weight.Mr.JB also c/o pain when swallowing food.Because of JB's persistent symptoms, he's been admitted to the hospital.&#10;A referral to the SLP for a MBS was also ordered and resulted in dysphagia, pureed diet recommended.By day 2 Mr.JB still c/o of nausea and no po intake has been reported.The MD rx'd dietary consult: RD to assess patient and recommend alternate means of nutrition support, currently NPO.&#10;Ht: 5'11'' Wt: 145# UBW: 163#&#10;Dx: End-stage liver cirrhosis, dysphagia&#10;PMH: alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension&#10;Labs:&#10;Na: 134 Cl: 101 BUN: 4 Alb: 2.3 TG: 305 Transferrin: 101 NH4: 53&#10;Glu: 139 AST: 45 ALT 48 Alk Phos: 40 Billirubin: 2.1&#10;K: 5.2 CO&#8322;: 25 Cr: 1.8 H/H: 11/35&#10;Diet: NPO&#10;Meds: Neomycin, Aldactone, Lasix, Reglan&#10;How will the registered dietitian determine JB's protein needs?&#10;A)0.8-1.0 g/kg&#10;B)1.0-1.2 g/kg&#10;C)1.4-1.6 g/kg&#10;D)>2.0 g/kg

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;JB is a 53...

Question 58

Pancreatitis is characterized by all of the following except _____&#10;A)edema&#10;B)fat necrosis&#10;C)hypertension&#10;D)fat necrosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pancreatitis is characterized by all of the...

Question 59

Match between columns&#10;                        Premises: paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;paracentesis&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;AAA&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;choledocholithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;cholelithiasis&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;fulminant hepatic failure&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;BCAA&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;cholecystitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;pancreatitis&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;hepatic encephalopathy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;cholecystectomy&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis&#10;biliary cirrhosis

Accepted Answer

The Answer of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan and leucine, isoleucine, is...

Deck 16: Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas