Deck 8: Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

What is the pH of water?

A)6.3
B)7.0
C)7.5
D)8.0

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The _____ regulate(s) the concentration of HCO₃-

A)pancreas
B)gallbladder
C)kidneys
D)liver

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is considered a normal serum pH for humans?

A)5.75-6.35
B)6.95-7.25
C)7.35-7.45
D)7.6-7.9

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When alkalosis occurs, the kidneys will respond by:

A)reducing the amount of HCO₃ reabsorbed.
B)increasing the amount of HCO₃ reabsorbed.
C)reducing the amount of hydrocarbonate.
D)excreting inadequate amounts of calcium.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nonvolatile acid?

A)phosphoric acid
B)lactic acid
C)hydroxybutyric acid
D)bicarbonate

Question 6

Changes in the level of carbon dioxide are detected in the _____ of the brain

A)hypothalamus
B)medulla oblongata
C)cerebrospinal fluid
D)frontal lobe

Question 7

Which of the following is the most predominant base in the body?

A)ammonia
B)bicarbonate
C)lithium hydroxide
D)sodium hydroxide

Question 8

In regard to respiratory and renal control buffer systems, which of the following statements is true?

A)The kidneys work alone to respond to changes in pH.
B)The kidneys' response time is faster than the response time of the lungs.
C)The lungs work alone to respond to changes in pH.
D)The lungs' response time is faster than the response time of the kidneys.

Question 9

The lungs regulate _____ levels, while the kidneys regulate _____ levels

A)carbon dioxide, bicarbonate
B)hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide
C)bicarbonate, hydrogen ions
D)oxygen, hydrogen ions

Question 10

An example of a volatile acid is

A)carbonic acid.
B)amino acid.
C)lactic acid.
D)phosphoric acid.

Question 11

PH is defined as the:

A)ratio of bases to acids.
B)ratio of volatile acids to nonvolatile acids.
C)ratio of acids to bases.

Question 12

Carbonic acid dissolves into _____ and _____

A)CO₂, water
B)hydrogen ions, bicarbonate
C)oxygen, carbon dioxide
D)hydrogen ions, oxygen

Question 13

The most common base in humans:

A)is lactate.
B)comes mainly from ingestion of fruits.
C)comes mainly from ingestion of vegetables.
D)is bicarbonate.

Question 14

When pH imbalances occur, it may take as long as _____ hours for the renal regulation system to respond

A)12
B)24
C)36
D)48

Question 15

The lungs work to get rid of an increased amount of acid by:

A)increasing the rate and depth of breathing.
B)increasing the rate and lowering the depth of breathing.
C)decreasing the rate and depth of breathing.
D)decreasing the rate and increasing the depth of breathing.

Question 16

Acids are defined as:

A)substances that donate hydrogen ions.
B)substances that have a ph level of 7.
C)substances that accept hydrogen ions.
D)substance that donate hydroxide ions.

Question 17

The process that leads to an accumulation of acid or loss of base is known as:

A)acidemia.
B)acidosis.
C)alkalemia.
D)ascites.

Question 18

The most prominent chemical buffering system that is used to regulate pH is the relationship of HCO₃- to:

A)carbonic acid.
B)COs.
C)H+.

Question 19

Bases are defined as:

A)substances that donate hydrogen ions.
B)substances that have a ph level numerically lower than 7.
C)substances that can accept hydroxide ions.
D)substances that can accept hydrogen ions.

Question 20

If the pH of urine drops below _____, it can become harmful to the body

A)4.5
B)5.0
C)5.2
D)5.5

Question 21

Case Study Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an indication that LD has an acid-base disorder?

A)low Na
B)high pH
C)low albumin
D)his diagnosis

Question 22

All of the following can result in metabolic acidosis except:

A)starvation.
B)ingestion of formaldehyde.
C)hyperventilation.
D)overdosing of aspirin.

Question 23

Your patient has emphysema and is now infected with bronchial pneumonia Due to hyperventilation, he is at risk for:

A)respiratory alkalosis.
B)respiratory acidosis.
C)metabolic acidosis.
D)metabolic alkalosis.

Question 24

Case Study Multiple Choice

What acid-base disorder does LD have?

A)metabolic alkalosis
B)metabolic acidosis
C)respiratory alkalosis
D)respiratory acidosis

Question 25

All of the following except _____ can disturb fluid balance and can lead to metabolic alkalosis

A)prolonged vomiting
B)diuretics
C)statins
D)nasogastric suction

Question 26

All of the following except for _____ can lead to respiratory acidosis

A)pneumonia
B)hypertension
C)acute pulmonary edema
D)pneumothorax

Question 27

Case Study Multiple Choice

The above would result in:

A)a lower pH.
B)an increased pH.
C)an increased pCO₃.
D)an increased pCO₂.

Question 28

Which of the following medications are involved in the etiology of respiratory acidosis?

A)blood thinners
B)statins
C)opiates
D)diuretics

Question 29

All of the following are symptoms of respiratory alkalosis except:

A)anxiety.
B)increased appetite.
C)mental confusion.
D)seizures.

Question 30

Metabolic alkalosis is a result of which of the following?

A)low amount of base
B)excessive amount of base
C)low amount of acid
D)excessive amount of acid

Question 31

Common laboratory measurements used to assess acid-base balance include all of the following except for:

A)carbon dioxide.
B)anion gap.
C)ammonia.
D)bicarbonate.

Question 32

Case Study Multiple Choice

If this compensatory disorder were to develop, what would be a likely scenario?

A)the lungs would slow down respirations
B)the lungs would increase respirations
C)the kidneys would reduce their secretion of H+
D)the kidneys would increase their secretion of H+

Question 33

Respiratory alkalosis is generally a result of conditions that cause which of the following?

A)lethargy
B)restlessness
C)muscle twitching
D)hyperventilation

Question 34

Stored blood contains _____; therefore, large blood transfusions could potentially lead to metabolic alkalosis

A)bicabornate
B)calcium
C)citrate
D)malate

Question 35

Case Study Multiple Choice

What factor is contributing to his acid-base disorder?

A)gout
B)shortness of breath
C)coronary artery disease
D)HTN

Question 36

Case Study Multiple Choice

What compensatory disorder could he develop?

A)metabolic alkalosis
B)metabolic acidosis
C)respiratory alkalosis
D)respiratory acidosis