Deck 9: Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury:The Role of the Immune System

Question 1

When an individual begins to experience the first signs of an infection, this is classified as the _____ period

A)prodromal
B)acute
C)incubation
D)recovery

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Injury to cells can include the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells to _____

A)myoglobin
B)bilirubin
C)hemosiderin
D)globin

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Central organs of our immune system actually synthesize the functional cells of the immune system These organs include the:

A)bone marrow and thymus
B)spleen and GALT
C)heart and MALT
D)tonsils and adenoids

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not an organ of the immune system?

A)thymus
B)GALT
C)pituitary gland
D)MALT

Question 5

The first line of defense against microorganism invasion is the host's:

A)skin.
B)respiratory system.
C)white blood cells.
D)lymphatic system.

Question 6

_____ is the study of disruption of normal physiologic processes

A)Etiology
B)Epidemiology
C)Pathogenesis
D)Pathophysiology

Question 7

Hyaline deposits are composed of all the following except:

A)cartilage.
B)fibrin.
C)amyloid.
D)collagen.

Question 8

When we isolate blood, body fluids, and wastes that have come from an infected client, we are following:

A)sterilization precautions.
B)standard precautions.
C)antiseptic precautions.
D)the nutrition care process.

Question 9

Which of the following does not have a direct influence on an individual's susceptibility to infectious disease?

A)gender
B)environment
C)nutritional status
D)hormones

Question 10

Infectious disease is an example of which etiological category of disease?

A)multifactorial
B)acquired
C)genetic
D)idiopathic

Question 11

When treating a patient whose signs and symptoms go undiagnosed due to an unknown etiology, you refer to his or her condition as _____ in origin

A)iatrogenic
B)multifactorial
C)acquired
D)idiopathic

Question 12

You have a patient experiencing xerostomia (dry mouth) His/her protection against microorganisms is lowered due to a:

A)decreased production of gastric juice.
B)decreased production of mucus.
C)decreased production of digestive enzymes.
D)decreased production of saliva.

Question 13

A common cellular response to injury and disease is the deposition of _____ within and between the cells

A)calcium deposits
B)hyaline
C)keratin
D)RBCs

Question 14

Which of the following does not contribute to atrophy of cells?

A)loss of innervation
B)aging
C)inadequate nutrition
D)vasodilation/increased blood supply

Question 15

_____ is the study of the distribution of disease within populations

A)An outbreak
B)Etiology
C)Epidemiology
D)Pathology

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of natural resistance?

A)epithelial cells
B)mucus secretion
C)presence of immunoglobulins
D)tears

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of infection?

A)incubation, acute, prodromal, and convalescence
B)incubation, convalescence, prodromal, and acute
C)acute, incubation, prodromal, and convalescence
D)incubation, prodromal, acute, and convalescence

Question 18

One of your patients is diagnosed with hyperplasia of the adrenal gland due to an excess stimulation of cortisol What would be the best explanation for this occurrence?

A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Addison's disease
C)Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
D)metabolic syndrome

Question 19

Dysplactic cellular growth is most often:

A)a benign growth.
B)pre-cancerous.
C)a swollen lump.
D)non-malignant.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of antiseptic use?

A)using hand sanitizer
B)cleaning a wound with betadine
C)cleaning the sink with bleach
D)rinsing your mouth with Listerine

Question 21

An incomplete antigen that matures when combined with a larger molecule is called:

A)an erythrocyte.
B)a hapten.
C)an allergen.
D)an immunoglobulin.

Question 22

Mature monocytes are called:

A)neutrophils.
B)macrophages.
C)natural killer cells.

Question 23

You have a patient experiencing an inflammatory response After vasoconstriction, the patient will immediately begin to experience which of the following?

A)loss of sensation
B)bruising
C)hyperemia
D)jaundice

Question 24

Macrophages are primarily involved in phagocytosis and presentation of the antigen to:

A)T lymphocytes.
B)B lymphocytes.
C)natural killer cells.

Question 25

Types of polymorphonuclear leukocytes include:

A)T lymphocytes.
B)B lymphocytes.
C)natural killer cells.
D)immunoglobulins.
E)basophils.

Question 26

In adults, the cells of the immune system originate from:

A)stem cells of the bone marrow.
B)monocytes.
C)glial cells in the nervous system.
D)Langerhan's cells.

Question 27

If a patient breathes in an antigen, the closest lymphoid tissue aggregate to respond is:

A)GALT.
B)MALT.
C)BALT.
D)the thymus.

Question 28

When differentiating into various cells, the myeloid tissue will produce:

A)lymphocytes, macrophages, and monocytes.
B)monocytes, eosoniphils, and T cells.
C)macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes.
D)B cells, leukocytes, and NK cells.

Question 29

Why is important to detect whether cancer has spread to lymph nodes?

A)because T and B cells are differentiated in the nodes
B)because cancer cells can then be spread throughout the body
C)because lymph organs allow antigens to interact with antigen-specific cells
D)because cancer cells will be destroyed by concentrated lymphoid tissue

Question 30

Molecules that are recognized by the immune system as potential pathogens are called:

A)antigens.
B)antibodies.
C)histamines.
D)microbes.

Question 31

You have a patient reporting symptoms such as swelling, pain, and warmth in her elbow and other joints Which laboratory value would you assess in regards to her symptoms?

A)CRP
B)creatinine
C)albumin
D)transthyretin

Question 32

As a result of an injury, proteins can accumulate in tissue spaces This is referred to as _____

A)polyps
B)fibroids
C)cyst
D)exudate

Question 33

_____ is a protein that promotes the healing of damaged tissue

A)Keratin
B)Collagen
C)Elastin
D)Fibrinogen

Question 34

B lymphocytes mature in the _____

A)thymus gland
B)bone marrow
C)adrenal gland

Question 35

Which of the following is not a mediator of vasodilation?

A)histamine
B)nitric oxide
C)thromboxanes
D)androgens

Question 36

Which of the following fatty acids is the precursor for many lipid mediators that are involved in the immune response?

A)stearic
B)myristic
C)arachidonic
D)oleic

Question 37

T lymphocytes mature in the _____ gland

A)bone marrow
B)thymus
C)adrenal

Question 38

Signs of inflammation include all of the following except:

A)loss of sensation.
B)swelling.
C)pain.
D)warmth.

Question 39

The cell-mediated response differs from the humoral immune response in that, in the humoral response, _____ is/are produced

A)lymphokines
B)cytokines
C)antibodies
D)complement

Question 40

If a patient is infected for the first time with an new antigen, the Ig likely produced is:

A)IgE.
B)IgM.
C)IgA.
D)IgG.

Question 41

When the influenza vaccine is given to an elderly patient, this is which type of immunization?

A)passive immunization
B)attenuated vaccine
C)active immunization
D)toxoids

Question 42

A patient with severe cirrhosis of the liver has received a new liver He is post op 3 months and is rejecting Through what main mechanism has this occurred?

A)the complement cells reject the host T cells
B)vasculature to the new organ has not been optimal
C)there was insufficient immunosuppressive therapy
D)antibody to minor histocompatibility antigens

Question 43

Allergy shots work by increasing levels of

A)IgE.
B)IgD.
C)IgG.
D)IgC.

Question 44

During the inflammatory response, when macrophages begin phagocytosis they trigger the release of _____, which stimulate the _____ to increase body temperature

A)prostaglandins, pineal gland
B)acute-phase proteins, hypothalamus
C)prostaglandins, hypothalamus
D)acute-phase proteins, pineal gland

Question 45

Case Study Multiple Choice
Mrs.P is a 95 yo F who is a resident of a long-term care facility.The wound nurse was doing her rounds and noticed that Mrs.P has developed a partial thickness loss of dermis, open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed.She is 5'2" and weighs 109 #s.Mrs.P's intake is good as per nurse and care technicians.The wound nurse schedules a nutrition consultation for Mrs.P and discusses her finding with you.
How many kcalories per kilogram of body weight would you use to estimate her caloric needs?

A)15-20
B)25-30
C)30-35
D)35-40

Question 46

Case Study Multiple Choice
Mrs.P is a 95 yo F who is a resident of a long-term care facility.The wound nurse was doing her rounds and noticed that Mrs.P has developed a partial thickness loss of dermis, open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed.She is 5'2" and weighs 109 #s.Mrs.P's intake is good as per nurse and care technicians.The wound nurse schedules a nutrition consultation for Mrs.P and discusses her finding with you.
How many grams of protein per kilogram of body weight does she need?

A)0.8
B)1.0
C)1.3
D)2.0

Question 47

When a suspect food is eliminated from the diet, symptoms should improve within _______ week(s) after removal of the food

A)1-2
B)3-4
C)6-8

Question 48

Healing that occurs from the bottom of the injury upward to the surface is called:

A)healing by second intention.
B)healing by first intention.
C)healing by tertiary intention.

Question 49

Which of the following is not characteristic of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A)can occur at any point after the first exposure to the antigen
B)long-term complications occur from deposition of antigen within organs and cells
C)symptoms are caused primarily by release of histamine from the mast cells
D)can be a food allergy

Question 50

NSAIDs used to alleviate inflammation inhibit _____ production by blocking _____

A)prostaglandin, cyclooxygenase enzymes
B)acute-phase proteins, cytokines
C)prostaglandin, cytokines
D)acute-phase proteins, cyclooxygenase enzymes

Question 51

You have a patient who is taking a medication to alleviate pain due to inflammation He/She describes the medication as "blocking the enzyme that stimulates prostaglandins" What medication is he/she taking?

A)proton-pump inhibitors
B)statins
C)NSAIDs
D)dopamine reuptake inhibitors

Question 52

Which of the following unlikely to delay healing?)

A)infection
B)poor blood flow
C)mobility
D)dehydration

Question 53

When a physician inoculates a patient with measles, mumps, and rubella, he is activating which kind of immunity?

A)active natural immunity
B)active artificial immunity
C)natural passive immunity
D)passive artificial immunity

Question 54

The most common food allergies in children include all of the following except:

A)fructose.
B)peanuts.
C)wheat.
D)eggs.

Question 55

Which of the following people have the highest risk for developing osteoporosis?

A)individuals who use glucocorticoids long term
B)individuals who use aspirin long term
C)individuals who use diuretics long term
D)individuals who use statins long term

Question 56

Case Study Multiple Choice
Mrs.P is a 95 yo F who is a resident of a long-term care facility.The wound nurse was doing her rounds and noticed that Mrs.P has developed a partial thickness loss of dermis, open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed.She is 5'2" and weighs 109 #s.Mrs.P's intake is good as per nurse and care technicians.The wound nurse schedules a nutrition consultation for Mrs.P and discusses her finding with you.
How many milliliters of fluid per kilogram of body weight does she need?

A)20
B)25
C)30
D)40

Question 57

The biggest difference(s) between a Type I reaction and a Type IV reaction is/are:

A)the amount of time before onset of symptoms
B)Type IV involves T cells and Type I involves an immunoglobulin.
C)Type IV involves an immunoglobulin and Type I involves T cells.
D)a and b
E)a and c

Question 58

When Samuel was stung by a bee, his reaction was a drop in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and fainting This severe reaction is called:

A)cytotoxic hypersensitivity.
B)ABO blood reaction.
C)anaphylaxis.

Question 59

Case Study Multiple Choice
Mrs.P is a 95 yo F who is a resident of a long-term care facility.The wound nurse was doing her rounds and noticed that Mrs.P has developed a partial thickness loss of dermis, open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed.She is 5'2" and weighs 109 #s.Mrs.P's intake is good as per nurse and care technicians.The wound nurse schedules a nutrition consultation for Mrs.P and discusses her finding with you.
Which of the following supplements, if Mrs P is deficient, would the RD give to Mrs P as part of her nutrition prescription based on the available literature?

A)vitamin C
B)iron
C)vitamin E
D)omega-3 fatty acids

Question 60

Case Study Multiple Choice
Mrs.P is a 95 yo F who is a resident of a long-term care facility.The wound nurse was doing her rounds and noticed that Mrs.P has developed a partial thickness loss of dermis, open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed.She is 5'2" and weighs 109 #s.Mrs.P's intake is good as per nurse and care technicians.The wound nurse schedules a nutrition consultation for Mrs.P and discusses her finding with you.
What type of wound has Mrs P likely developed?

A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV

Question 61

Case Study Multiple Choice
Mrs.P is a 95 yo F who is a resident of a long-term care facility.The wound nurse was doing her rounds and noticed that Mrs.P has developed a partial thickness loss of dermis, open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed.She is 5'2" and weighs 109 #s.Mrs.P's intake is good as per nurse and care technicians.The wound nurse schedules a nutrition consultation for Mrs.P and discusses her finding with you.
The RD may also provide which of the following oral supplements to aid in collagen deposition?

A)arginine
B)glutamine
C)pantothenic acid
D)there are currently no oral supplements for wound healing