Deck 12: Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Question 1

the possible exception of _____, the vitamin content of the breast milk of a well-nourished mother is ample.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin D
C)thiamin
D)zinc

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Children who eat nutritious breakfasts function better in school than their peers who do not.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Allergic reactions to multiple foods are common, while reactions to single foods are the exception.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

standard infant formulas are fortified with:

A)DHA and arachidonic acid.
B)DHA and linoleic acid.
C)linolenic and linoleic acid.
D)DHA and EPA.

Question 5

Children forced to try new foods are less likely to try those foods again than are children who are left to decide for themselves.

Question 6

During what period are kcalorie needs per unit of body weight the highest?

A)infancy
B)toddler years
C)childhood
D)adolescence

Question 7

infant weighing 7 pounds at birth would normally weigh about _____ pounds at five months of age.

A)8
B)14
C)21
D)28

Question 8

The more often a food is presented to a young child, the less likely the child will like that food.

Question 9

infant who weighs 8 pounds will require about _____ kcalories per day.

A)290
B)360
C)420
D)800

Question 10

There are factors in breast milk that protect the infant against infection.

Question 11

Restricting dietary sodium causes an immediate drop in most children's and adolescents' blood pressure.

Question 12

Recommendations limiting fat and cholesterol are not intended for infants or children under two years of age.

Question 13

Teenage boys experience a more intense growth spurt and develop more lean body mass than girls do.
Nutrition in Practice - Childhood Obesity and the Early Development of Chronic Diseases

Question 14

Adult heart disease is a major pediatric problem.

Question 15

The problem of obesity is most evident in African American females and in Hispanic children.

Question 16

Children's food aversions may be the result of nature's efforts to protect them from allergic or other adverse reactions.

Question 17

A child's appetite begins to diminish around the first birthday.

Question 18

A child's brain is not affected by iron deficiency until a blood deficit of this mineral develops.

Question 19

Breast milk or infant formula normally provides enough water to replace fluid losses in healthy infants.

Question 20

Children who spend more than one to two hours daily watching television or other media can become obese even while consuming fewer kcalories than more active children.

Question 21

_____ develops when excessive milk intake displaces iron-rich foods in the diet of a young child.

A)Scurvy
B)Milk anemia
C)Growth failure
D)Weight loss

Question 22

only acceptable alternative to breast milk is:

A)goat's milk.
B)cow's milk.
C)iron-fortified infant formula.
D)low-iron infant formula.

Question 23

Vegan diets must be planned carefully for children, because otherwise they may not provide enough:

A)protein.
B)fiber.
C)kcalories.
D)sodium.

Question 24

Research studies conducted on preschool children's food intakes have shown that:

A)food energy intake varied very little from meal to meal.
B)the total daily energy intake was highly inconsistent.
C)if they ate more at one meal, they ate less at the next.
D)energy intake decreases as children get older.

Question 25

good age to introduce solid foods to infants is:

A)one to two weeks.
B)two to three months.
C)four to six months.
D)one year.
E)two years.

Question 26

Which of the following cereals causes allergy least often?

A)wheat
B)barley
C)oats
D)rice

Question 27

Excessive consumption of fruit juice in infants and young children can lead to all of the following except:

A)diarrhea.
B)excessive kcal intake.
C)poor intake of food.
D)toxicity of the water-soluble vitamins.

Question 28

Advantages to breastfeeding include all of the following except:

A)it provides protection against the development of allergies.
B)it provides possible protection against excessive weight gain later in life.
C)it protects against intestinal infections.
D)it is the only way to develop a true loving relationship with the baby.

Question 29

All of the following foods should be omitted from a baby's diet except:

A)canned vegetables.
B)canned fruits.
C)honey.
D)corn syrup.

Question 30

Which of the following is considered a risk of formula feeding an infant?

A)The infant may not receive all of the nutrients he/she needs.
B)Formula may be incorrectly prepared and cause malnutrition and growth failure.
C)Parents may not be aware that some formulas do not meet FDA requirements.
D)Many infants are allergic to formula.

Question 31

Which of the following statements accurately describes the energy needs of a child?

A)Total energy needs increase with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight decline with age.
B)Energy needs fluctuate as children get older.
C)Total energy needs decrease with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight increase with age.
D)Energy needs remain the same until puberty.

Question 32

important aspect of infant feeding is the prevention of future health problems.An appropriate measure is:

A)encouragement of eating habits that will support normal weight.
B)encouraging the infant to eat only those foods she likes.
C)introduction of solid foods as early as possible.
D)forcing the infant to finish her bottle.

Question 33

Which of the following should be used to feed an infant under one year of age who is being weaned from breast milk?

A)whole milk
B)low-iron infant formula
C)evaporated milk
D)iron-fortified infant formula

Question 34

Nancy consumes fewer kcalories at 14 months than she did at 11 months.This change in appetite probably indicates that she is:

A)ill and needs medical attention.
B)not as physically active now as when she was 11 months old.
C)in a less rapid stage of growth now.
D)becoming malnourished.

Question 35

Characteristics of breast milk include all of the following except:

A)ample vitamin content.
B)high in sodium.
C)adequate in zinc.
D)iron which is highly absorbable.

Question 36

two nutrients needed early by infants and provided by the introduction of solid foods are:

A)protein and calcium.
B)iron and vitamin C.
C)sodium and fat.
D)vitamin D and fluoride.

Question 37

of the following are considerations in deciding when to add solid foods to the diet of an infant except:

A)the infant's nutrient needs.
B)the infant's physical readiness to handle different forms of food.
C)the need to detect and control allergic reactions.
D)the type of milk the infant is consuming.

Question 38

American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a supplement of _____ for all infants who are exclusively breastfed in the first six months of life.

A)iron
B)vitamin C
C)folic acid
D)vitamin D

Question 39

Infants are given a single dose of vitamin _____ at birth.

A)A
B)D
C)C
D)K

Question 40

Children one to two years of age should drink _____ milk.

A)reduced-fat
B)low-fat
C)fat-free
D)whole

Question 41

prevent iron deficiency, a child needs _____ mg of iron per day.

A)2-3
B)3-5
C)7-10
D)9-12

Question 42

Which of the following foods would provide a child with a rich source of iron?

A)ice cream
B)applesauce
C)bean dip
D)cheese

Question 43

Among the following, the foods that help most to meet children's iron requirements are:

A)milk, cheese, or yogurt.
B)dark green, deep orange, or yellow vegetables.
C)prunes , grapes, or raisins.
D)whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads.

Question 44

of these foods are likely to cause allergic reactions except:

A)milk.
B)coconut.
C)soybeans.
D)wheat.

Question 45

Children who skip breakfast exhibit all of the following characteristics except:

A)lower energy intakes.
B)poor concentration.
C)lower test scores.
D)higher energy intakes.

Question 46

a food protein enters the body and causes an immunologic response, this causes:

A)a food allergy.
B)an food intolerance.
C)hyperactivity.
D)anemia.

Question 47

of the most significant effects of long-term hunger on children is:

A)behavioral problems.
B)poor performance in school.
C)apathetic attitude.
D)impaired growth.

Question 48

Which of the following foods is most likely to cause anaphylactic shock?

A)peanuts
B)rice
C)oatmeal
D)bananas

Question 49

many ounces from the meat and beans group are needed daily to meet nutrient needs for a child who needs 1000 kcal/day?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 50

child with any of several nutrient deficiencies may be described in all of these ways except:

A)depressed.
B)unlikable.
C)hyperactive.
D)unclean.

Question 51

one-year-old child needs about _____ kcalories a day.

A)800
B)1000
C)1200
D)1400

Question 52

The easiest and most practical way to control the amount of candy and carbonated drinks a child consumes is to:

A)prevent the child from knowing of their existence.
B)never let the child visit his grandparents.
C)limit the availability of these items.
D)teach the child that such foods are highly noxious.

Question 53

prevent a child's exposure to lead, you would do all of the following except:

A)prevent the child from putting old painted objects in the mouth.
B)allow the child to play with crayons made in other countries.
C)make sure the child consumes nutritious meals consistently.
D)make infant formula with lead-free water.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is true regarding hyperactivity?

A)It can be cured with dietary changes.
B)It is caused by consuming sugary foods.
C)It can be cured by eliminating all food additives.
D)It is not caused by poor nutrition.

Question 55

Which of the following is likely to occur if candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets are permitted in large quantities during the growing years?

A)obesity
B)hypertension
C)nutrient toxicities
D)developmental delays

Question 56

best known and most widespread effects of iron-deficiency anemia are its impacts on:

A)memory and sleep patterns.
B)growth and athletic performance.
C)behavior and intellectual performance.
D)the immune system and reading level.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is not true?

A)Normal-weight children naturally regulate their energy intake.
B)The preference for sweet tastes is innate.
C)Children can be trusted to naturally choose healthful foods.
D)Underweight children can be allowed to eat higher-kcal but nutritious snacks.

Question 58

According to MyPyramid for Preschoolers and Kids, how many cups of milk or milk products are needed daily for a 2-5 year old child?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 59

A child who drinks a lot of milk and won't consume much else is likely to show signs of:

A)anemia.
B)ariboflavinosis.
C)hypercalcemia.
D)rickets.

Question 60

Nutrient deficiencies during childhood:

A)have no effect on future health.
B)can affect a child's mood and behavior.
C)are directly associated with dysfunctional families.
D)are rare.

Question 61

Based on data from the BMI-for-age growth charts, children and adolescents are categorized as overweight when their weight is above the _____ percentile.

A)75th
B)85th
C)95th
D)99th

Question 62

Logan is 14 years old and has a BMI in the 85th percentile.His mother's BMI is 23 and his father's BMI is 32.Logan's chance of becoming an obese adult is:

A)50%.
B)60%.
C)70%.
D)80%.

Question 63

Positive eating habits for a young child can be promoted by:

A)presenting a new food at the beginning of the meal.
B)allowing him to stand and play at the table.
C)making sure he eats all the food he is given at each meal.
D)rewarding him with dessert when he has cleaned his plate.
E)offering him a choice of two new foods at a time.

Question 64

of the following factors undermine the efforts of the National School Lunch Program to serve nutritious foods at school except:

A)short lunch periods and long lines.
B)the availability of salad bars.
C)access to vending machines.
D)the presence of fast-food restaurants.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about children and television viewing is not true?

A)Children who have a TV in their room are more likely to be overweight.
B)Children who watch excessive amounts of TV are least likely to eat fruits and vegetables.
C)Children who watch excessive amounts of TV often snack on high-fat foods.
D)Children who watch excessive amounts of TV are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables.

Question 66

Adolescents who eat at home with family members:

A)tend to gain more weight.
B)are less influenced by their peers.
C)consume a more nutritious diet.
D)watch more television.

Question 67

Which of the following statements regarding children's food intake and health status is true?

A)Children are lighter today than they were 20 years ago.
B)The prevalence of overweight in children 6 to 11 years of age and adolescents has tripled over the last three decades.
C)Changes in children's weight status can be largely explained by genetics.
D)The increase in children's weight status can be blamed entirely on poor parenting skills.

Question 68

adolescent growth spurt:

A)begins earlier in girls than in boys.
B)affects every organ except the brain.
C)decreases total nutrient needs.
D)causes a greater weight gain in girls.

Question 69

Which of the following is not a recommended approach for the treatment of childhood obesity?

A)psychological support
B)behavior modification
C)family involvement
D)diet restriction

Question 70

Because the interactions between parents and children can set the stage for lifelong attitudes and habits, wise parents:

A)do not attempt change.
B)treat their child's food preferences with respect.
C)exert continuous pressure to initiate good food habits.
D)impose their own eating habits on their children.
E)wait until their children start school to initiate changes.

Question 71

Power struggles over food arise when:

A)parents try to control every aspect of a child's eating.
B)children are allowed to regulate their own food intake.
C)parents don't demonstrate healthy eating habits.
D)children are presented with too many food choices.

Question 72

Children should not be allowed to eat while running because:

A)this increases the child's risk of choking.
B)they should not be allowed to play until after meals.
C)physical activity in children should be discouraged.
D)this increases the child's risk of food allergies.

Question 73

a strategy to help prevent childhood obesity, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited to _____ of television and video time per day.

A)30 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)3 hours

Question 74

intake often does not meet the iron needs of adolescent females because they tend to:

A)eat less iron-rich foods and fewer kcalories.
B)consume more foods that interfere with iron absorption.
C)have a longer growth spurt.
D)develop greater lean body mass.

Question 75

Which obese teenager would be considered a candidate for bariatric surgery?

A)Preston, who has a BMI of 52 and has an average IQ
B)Jacob, who has a BMI of 38 and has reached physical maturity
C)Darla, who has type 2 diabetes and hasn't yet begun to menstruate
D)Cynthia, who has just enrolled in a weight-loss program for the first time due to her BMI of 50

Question 76

Children are more likely to eat vegetables when they are:

A)not seasoned.
B)cut in small pieces.
C)raw or slightly undercooked.
D)overcooked and very soft.

Question 77

majority of children who eat school breakfast are:

A)boys.
B)girls.
C)from low-income families.
D)from high-income families.

Question 78

Expert Committee of the American Medical Association recommends healthy habits for children and adolescents to prevent obesity.Which of the following is not one of those recommendations?

A)Eat together as a family as often as possible.
B)Engage in at least 20 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day.
C)Learn to eat age-appropriate portions of foods.
D)Limit the frequency of restaurant meals.

Question 79

leading cause of pediatric hypertension is:

A)a low intake of whole-grain foods.
B)obesity.
C)excessive sodium intake from soft drink consumption.
D)type 1 diabetes.

Question 80

Nutrients often found lacking in teenage groups include:

A)iron, calcium, and vitamin D.
B)vitamin C, sodium, and protein.
C)fat, iron, and fiber.
D)calcium, zinc, and vitamin B₁₂.