Deck 15: Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Supplements

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سؤال
Naturopathic medicine is based on the theory that "like cures like."
استخدم زر المسافة أو
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لقلب البطاقة.
سؤال
Which population group is most prone to drug-drug interactions?

A)infants
B)children
C)the elderly
D)the disabled
سؤال
An example of guided imagery is when person tries to reverse the disease process by using mental pictures.
سؤال
Populations with increased vulnerability to the adverse effects of drugs include all of the following except:

A)elderly people.
B)pregnant women.
C)middle-aged women.
D)children.
سؤال
Which of the following practices can help to reduce the likelihood of the adverse effects of drugs?

A)Request a complete list of all medications and dietary supplements that a patient is taking.
B)Ensure that more than one doctor is overseeing each patient's medication use.
C)Encourage patients to use multiple pharmacies so that more than one pharmacist can monitor their prescriptions.
D)Tell patients that most side effects are temporary and to wait a few days before calling the doctor.
سؤال
Aspirin is an example of:

A)an OTC drug.
B)a generic drug.
C)an herbal product.
D)a prescription drug.
سؤال
According to the DSHEA:

A)herbal supplements must be approved by the FDA.
B)manufacturers of herbal supplements must provide evidence of a product's safety.
C)the FDA must show that a supplement is unsafe before it can stop the sale of an herbal supplement.
D)manufacturers of herbal supplements may make claims about the prevention or treatment of specific diseases.
سؤال
There are no known interactions between herbal supplements and medications.
سؤال
Problems with medications can be reported to the FDA via:

A)the MedWatch website.
B)the DSHEA website.
C)the NCCAM website.
D)the USDA website.
سؤال
Which of the following is a true statement about OTC drugs?

A)They have no side effects.
B)Some were once prescription drugs.
C)They do not interact with other medications.
D)They are the same as generic drugs.
سؤال
Medication errors may be the result of any of the following except:

A)improper dosages.
B)misinterpretation of the physician's order.
C)confusion of drugs with similar names.
D)bar code scanning systems.
سؤال
Although many medications can cause nausea, it usually subsides after the first few doses.
سؤال
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is one of the many institutes that make up the National Institutes of Health.
سؤال
Physicians who practice integrative medicine may refer patients for complementary therapies while continuing to provide standard treatments.
سؤال
A high-fiber diet and regular exercise may prevent the need for laxatives.
سؤال
The adverse effects of herbs are required to be listed on supplement labels.
سؤال
Health practitioners do not need to be aware of patients' use of complementary and alternative therapies.
Nutrition in Practice - Complementary and Alternative Therapies
سؤال
CAM is used as a marketing ploy and is utilized by unscrupulous sellers of worthless treatments.
سؤال
Which of the following is true about dietary supplements?

A)They can be marketed without studies to document their effectiveness and safety.
B)They are always hazardous.
C)The amount actually present in the product always equals the amount stated on the label.
D)They are approved by the FDA.
سؤال
Which of the following is a medical abbreviation that is prohibited on clinical documentation?

A)q.i.d.
B)mcg
C)IU
D)mg
سؤال
Which of the following types of drugs may cause unintentional weight gain?

A)antipsychotics
B)antiretrovirals
C)antinauseants
D)antibiotics
سؤال
Which herb can intensify the action of warfarin (Coumadin)?

A)kava
B)saw palmetto
C)garlic
D)echinacea
سؤال
Unintentional weight gain can result from the use of:

A)antidepressant medications.
B)antihypertensive medications.
C)sedatives.
D)antinausea medications.
سؤال
medications most likely to cause nutrient malabsorption are those that:

A)lower blood glucose.
B)control high blood pressure.
C)damage the intestinal mucosa.
D)slow gastric emptying.
سؤال
Megestrol acetate is a/an:

A)appetite enhancer.
B)weight-loss drug.
C)antidepressant.
D)pain reliever.
سؤال
Yohimbe has been linked to:

A)liver damage.
B)heart arrhythmias.
C)sexual dysfunction.
D)hypertension.
سؤال
Consistency in herbal supplements is not guaranteed because:

A)no manufacturers have attempted to standardize them.
B)they are natural substances, so there can be no consistency.
C)growing conditions can affect the plants' chemical composition.
D)the active ingredient in an herb must be isolated to be effective.
سؤال
Concerns about the use of herbal supplements include all of the following except:

A)contamination with toxic metals.
B)adulteration with synthetic drugs.
C)lack of consistency in ingredients.
D)cost compared to benefit.
سؤال
Methotrexate interferes with the metabolism of:

A)folate.
B)iron.
C)vitamin B₁₂.
D)calcium.
سؤال
most common adverse effects of herbs include:

A)breathing difficulties.
B)renal failure, seizures, and heart palpitations.
C)nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
D)heart attack or stroke.
سؤال
Which of the following foods has been shown to raise blood levels of a variety of medications?

A)bananas
B)grapefruit juice
C)tomato juice
D)oranges
سؤال
Which herb can raise the likelihood of bleeding when used in conjunction with anticoagulant drugs?

A)ginseng
B)ephedra
C)kava
D)valerian
سؤال
Which herb is often used for the prevention and treatment of nausea and motion sickness?

A)ginseng
B)ginger
C)kava
D)valerian
سؤال
Which herb has been found to inhibit the action of oral contraceptives?

A)St.John's wort
B)garlic
C)ginseng
D)kava
سؤال
Which of the following can bind with medications and reduce their absorption?

A)lactose
B)phytates
C)protein
D)garlic
سؤال
Which herb has been linked to liver damage?

A)ginseng
B)gingko
C)kava
D)garlic
سؤال
of the following types of drugs can cause nutrient malabsorption except:

A)antineoplastic drugs.
B)antiretroviral drugs.
C)NSAIDs.
D)antiemetics.
سؤال
Anticonvulsant medications may increase levels of enzymes that metabolize all of these vitamins except:

A)vitamin A.
B)folate.
C)vitamin D.
D)vitamin K.
سؤال
Medications that reduce stomach acid may impair the absorption of:

A)vitamin C.
B)vitamin B₁₂.
C)glucose.
D)all nutrients.
سؤال
Why is it recommended that tetracycline be taken on an empty stomach at least two hours before or after consuming dairy products?

A)Tetracycline and calcium will bind to each other, reducing the absorption of both.
B)Too much tetracycline will be absorbed and blood levels will be too high.
C)The combination of tetracycline and calcium will cause tooth enamel to discolor.
D)Too much calcium will be absorbed and blood levels will be too high.
سؤال
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
order to avoid a food-medication interaction with his MAO inhibitor, Mr.Salazar will need to avoid drinking:

A)beer.
B)cola beverages.
C)tea.
D)grapefruit juice.
سؤال
individual taking INH should also take supplements of:

A)folate.
B)vitamin B₆.
C)vitamin B₁₂.
D)iron.
سؤال
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Salazar will be discharged with analgesic medications to control his pain.Which herbal products should he be advised to quit taking because of the potential for interaction?

A)yohimbe and valerian
B)kava kava and valerian
C)St.John's wort and yohimbe
D)valerian and St.John's wort
سؤال
drug warfarin is structurally similar to:

A)vitamin C.
B)vitamin K.
C)vitamin D.
D)vitamin E.
سؤال
People taking MAO inhibitors should avoid foods containing:

A)tyramine.
B)phenylalanine.
C)tryptophan.
D)starch.
سؤال
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Because Mr.Salazar is taking lovastatin, he should be counseled to avoid:

A)apple juice.
B)grapefruit juice.
C)green leafy vegetables.
D)milk.
سؤال
popularity of CAM can be explained by all of the following except:

A)consumers' interest in self-help measures.
B)the noninvasive nature of CAM therapies.
C)the tendency of CAM practitioners to spend more time with patients.
D)growing evidence of the effectiveness of CAM.
سؤال
Which of the following forms of alternative medicine proposes that a person's "life force" can foster self-healing?

A)homeopathic medicine
B)naturopathic medicine
C)bioelectrical medicine
D)chiropractic medicine
سؤال
Grapefruit juice affects drug absorption by:

A)increasing blood concentration of some drugs.
B)decreasing blood concentration of some drugs.
C)inactivating certain drugs.
D)altering the action of certain drugs.
سؤال
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Before leaving the hospital, Mr.Salazar will need nutrition education on:

A)how to use a blender.
B)food-medication interactions.
C)food safety.
D)weight loss.
سؤال
Supplements of _____ are usually given to patients receiving the antituberculosis drug isoniazid.

A)iron
B)vitamin B₆
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)folate
سؤال
Individuals using warfarin are advised to:

A)avoid all foods containing vitamin K.
B)take a vitamin K supplement.
C)consume consistent amounts of vitamin K daily.
D)avoid green, leafy vegetables.
سؤال
People taking MAO inhibitors should restrict their intake of:

A)tomato sauce.
B)cheddar cheese.
C)cottage cheese.
D)white wine.
سؤال
Which of the following side effects might be expected from long-term use of corticosteroids?

A)weight gain, muscle wasting, bone loss, hyperglycemia
B)weight loss, hypertension, bone loss, hypoglycemia
C)weight gain, high cholesterol, bone loss, hypoglycemia
D)weight loss, muscle wasting, kidney failure, hyperglycemia
سؤال
People taking lithium are advised to maintain a consistent intake of _____ from day to day in order to maintain a stable blood level of lithium.

A)calcium
B)zinc
C)sodium
D)alcohol
سؤال
of the problems with determining the effectiveness of an herbal remedy is:

A)the lack of a consistent supply of herbs.
B)the fact that different samples of an herb can have different chemical compositions.
C)inconsistent labeling of supplements.
D)differing opinions about the best method for testing herbs.
سؤال
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Which herbal product taken by Mr.Salazar may be causing his heart arrhythmia?

A)yohimbe
B)kava kava
C)St.John's wort
D)valerian
سؤال
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
advice should be given to Mr.Salazar regarding his use of herbal products?

A)Each time he visits his physician, he should bring a list of all prescription medications and herbal products he regularly takes.
B)He should look up the side effects of each herbal product he takes so he can be aware of them.
C)He should never take more than one herbal product at a time.
D)Herbal products should never be taken at the same time he takes his prescription medications.
سؤال
Which food should not be eaten in a tyramine-controlled diet?

A)tomatoes
B)liver
C)cucumbers
D)pork sausage
سؤال
49.The one characteristic that all alternative therapies have in common is:

A)their effectiveness.
B)research as to their safety.
C)a lack of evidence about their effectiveness.
D)the absence of any interactions or effects with mainstream medical care.
سؤال
Describe which types of individuals are at high risk for adverse effects from medications.
سؤال
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
How should Mr.Hare be counseled regarding his vitamin K intake?
سؤال
nurse recognizes that a patient placed on the anticoagulant drug warfarin will need:

A)supplements of vitamin K.
B)a high-kcalorie diet.
C)education regarding diet-drug interactions.
D)education regarding increasing iron intake.
سؤال
Concerns about the use of CAM by consumers include all of the following except:

A)consumers may assume that all CAM therapies are safe.
B)the use of CAM therapies may delay the use of reliable treatments.
C)most CAM therapies are not regulated or monitored.
D)CAM therapies are more expensive than traditional medical care.
سؤال
What are three general ways in which diet and drugs can interact?
سؤال
53.Which of the following alternative therapies involves the alleged curative power of "energy"?

A)qi gong
B)massage therapy
C)biofeedback training
D)faith healing
سؤال
Which of the following is a form of traditional Chinese medicine?

A)bioelectromagnetic therapy
B)acupuncture
C)chiropractic
D)therapeutic touch
سؤال
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
Could either of the dietary supplements Mr.Hare is taking interact with his prescription medications? If so, which ones and why?
سؤال
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
Do any of the drugs Mr.Hare is taking prevent him from safely consuming grapefruit? If so, which ones and why?
سؤال
common biologically based therapy is the use of:

A)dietary supplements and herbal products.
B)chiropractic medicine.
C)massage therapy.
D)aromatherapy.
سؤال
patient is taking an MAO inhibitor and is on a tyramine-controlled diet.Which of the following foods should be avoided?

A)American cheese
B)peanuts
C)mushrooms
D)spinach
سؤال
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
As a health professional, what steps should you take to determine if any of the medications and supplements Mr.Hare is taking has the potential for diet-drug or drug-drug interactions?
سؤال
Discuss the ways in which drugs can affect food intake.
سؤال
Describe how you would counsel a patient who is taking herbal supplements to treat a medical condition.
سؤال
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
Which medication that Mr.Hare is taking interacts with vitamin K? How does this interaction occur?
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Deck 15: Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Supplements
1
Naturopathic medicine is based on the theory that "like cures like."
False
2
Which population group is most prone to drug-drug interactions?

A)infants
B)children
C)the elderly
D)the disabled
C
3
An example of guided imagery is when person tries to reverse the disease process by using mental pictures.
True
4
Populations with increased vulnerability to the adverse effects of drugs include all of the following except:

A)elderly people.
B)pregnant women.
C)middle-aged women.
D)children.
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5
Which of the following practices can help to reduce the likelihood of the adverse effects of drugs?

A)Request a complete list of all medications and dietary supplements that a patient is taking.
B)Ensure that more than one doctor is overseeing each patient's medication use.
C)Encourage patients to use multiple pharmacies so that more than one pharmacist can monitor their prescriptions.
D)Tell patients that most side effects are temporary and to wait a few days before calling the doctor.
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6
Aspirin is an example of:

A)an OTC drug.
B)a generic drug.
C)an herbal product.
D)a prescription drug.
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7
According to the DSHEA:

A)herbal supplements must be approved by the FDA.
B)manufacturers of herbal supplements must provide evidence of a product's safety.
C)the FDA must show that a supplement is unsafe before it can stop the sale of an herbal supplement.
D)manufacturers of herbal supplements may make claims about the prevention or treatment of specific diseases.
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8
There are no known interactions between herbal supplements and medications.
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9
Problems with medications can be reported to the FDA via:

A)the MedWatch website.
B)the DSHEA website.
C)the NCCAM website.
D)the USDA website.
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10
Which of the following is a true statement about OTC drugs?

A)They have no side effects.
B)Some were once prescription drugs.
C)They do not interact with other medications.
D)They are the same as generic drugs.
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11
Medication errors may be the result of any of the following except:

A)improper dosages.
B)misinterpretation of the physician's order.
C)confusion of drugs with similar names.
D)bar code scanning systems.
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12
Although many medications can cause nausea, it usually subsides after the first few doses.
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13
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is one of the many institutes that make up the National Institutes of Health.
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14
Physicians who practice integrative medicine may refer patients for complementary therapies while continuing to provide standard treatments.
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15
A high-fiber diet and regular exercise may prevent the need for laxatives.
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16
The adverse effects of herbs are required to be listed on supplement labels.
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17
Health practitioners do not need to be aware of patients' use of complementary and alternative therapies.
Nutrition in Practice - Complementary and Alternative Therapies
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18
CAM is used as a marketing ploy and is utilized by unscrupulous sellers of worthless treatments.
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19
Which of the following is true about dietary supplements?

A)They can be marketed without studies to document their effectiveness and safety.
B)They are always hazardous.
C)The amount actually present in the product always equals the amount stated on the label.
D)They are approved by the FDA.
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20
Which of the following is a medical abbreviation that is prohibited on clinical documentation?

A)q.i.d.
B)mcg
C)IU
D)mg
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21
Which of the following types of drugs may cause unintentional weight gain?

A)antipsychotics
B)antiretrovirals
C)antinauseants
D)antibiotics
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22
Which herb can intensify the action of warfarin (Coumadin)?

A)kava
B)saw palmetto
C)garlic
D)echinacea
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23
Unintentional weight gain can result from the use of:

A)antidepressant medications.
B)antihypertensive medications.
C)sedatives.
D)antinausea medications.
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24
medications most likely to cause nutrient malabsorption are those that:

A)lower blood glucose.
B)control high blood pressure.
C)damage the intestinal mucosa.
D)slow gastric emptying.
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25
Megestrol acetate is a/an:

A)appetite enhancer.
B)weight-loss drug.
C)antidepressant.
D)pain reliever.
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26
Yohimbe has been linked to:

A)liver damage.
B)heart arrhythmias.
C)sexual dysfunction.
D)hypertension.
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27
Consistency in herbal supplements is not guaranteed because:

A)no manufacturers have attempted to standardize them.
B)they are natural substances, so there can be no consistency.
C)growing conditions can affect the plants' chemical composition.
D)the active ingredient in an herb must be isolated to be effective.
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28
Concerns about the use of herbal supplements include all of the following except:

A)contamination with toxic metals.
B)adulteration with synthetic drugs.
C)lack of consistency in ingredients.
D)cost compared to benefit.
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29
Methotrexate interferes with the metabolism of:

A)folate.
B)iron.
C)vitamin B₁₂.
D)calcium.
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30
most common adverse effects of herbs include:

A)breathing difficulties.
B)renal failure, seizures, and heart palpitations.
C)nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
D)heart attack or stroke.
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31
Which of the following foods has been shown to raise blood levels of a variety of medications?

A)bananas
B)grapefruit juice
C)tomato juice
D)oranges
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32
Which herb can raise the likelihood of bleeding when used in conjunction with anticoagulant drugs?

A)ginseng
B)ephedra
C)kava
D)valerian
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33
Which herb is often used for the prevention and treatment of nausea and motion sickness?

A)ginseng
B)ginger
C)kava
D)valerian
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34
Which herb has been found to inhibit the action of oral contraceptives?

A)St.John's wort
B)garlic
C)ginseng
D)kava
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35
Which of the following can bind with medications and reduce their absorption?

A)lactose
B)phytates
C)protein
D)garlic
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36
Which herb has been linked to liver damage?

A)ginseng
B)gingko
C)kava
D)garlic
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37
of the following types of drugs can cause nutrient malabsorption except:

A)antineoplastic drugs.
B)antiretroviral drugs.
C)NSAIDs.
D)antiemetics.
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38
Anticonvulsant medications may increase levels of enzymes that metabolize all of these vitamins except:

A)vitamin A.
B)folate.
C)vitamin D.
D)vitamin K.
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39
Medications that reduce stomach acid may impair the absorption of:

A)vitamin C.
B)vitamin B₁₂.
C)glucose.
D)all nutrients.
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40
Why is it recommended that tetracycline be taken on an empty stomach at least two hours before or after consuming dairy products?

A)Tetracycline and calcium will bind to each other, reducing the absorption of both.
B)Too much tetracycline will be absorbed and blood levels will be too high.
C)The combination of tetracycline and calcium will cause tooth enamel to discolor.
D)Too much calcium will be absorbed and blood levels will be too high.
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41
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
order to avoid a food-medication interaction with his MAO inhibitor, Mr.Salazar will need to avoid drinking:

A)beer.
B)cola beverages.
C)tea.
D)grapefruit juice.
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42
individual taking INH should also take supplements of:

A)folate.
B)vitamin B₆.
C)vitamin B₁₂.
D)iron.
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43
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Salazar will be discharged with analgesic medications to control his pain.Which herbal products should he be advised to quit taking because of the potential for interaction?

A)yohimbe and valerian
B)kava kava and valerian
C)St.John's wort and yohimbe
D)valerian and St.John's wort
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44
drug warfarin is structurally similar to:

A)vitamin C.
B)vitamin K.
C)vitamin D.
D)vitamin E.
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45
People taking MAO inhibitors should avoid foods containing:

A)tyramine.
B)phenylalanine.
C)tryptophan.
D)starch.
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46
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Because Mr.Salazar is taking lovastatin, he should be counseled to avoid:

A)apple juice.
B)grapefruit juice.
C)green leafy vegetables.
D)milk.
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47
popularity of CAM can be explained by all of the following except:

A)consumers' interest in self-help measures.
B)the noninvasive nature of CAM therapies.
C)the tendency of CAM practitioners to spend more time with patients.
D)growing evidence of the effectiveness of CAM.
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48
Which of the following forms of alternative medicine proposes that a person's "life force" can foster self-healing?

A)homeopathic medicine
B)naturopathic medicine
C)bioelectrical medicine
D)chiropractic medicine
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49
Grapefruit juice affects drug absorption by:

A)increasing blood concentration of some drugs.
B)decreasing blood concentration of some drugs.
C)inactivating certain drugs.
D)altering the action of certain drugs.
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50
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Before leaving the hospital, Mr.Salazar will need nutrition education on:

A)how to use a blender.
B)food-medication interactions.
C)food safety.
D)weight loss.
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51
Supplements of _____ are usually given to patients receiving the antituberculosis drug isoniazid.

A)iron
B)vitamin B₆
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)folate
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52
Individuals using warfarin are advised to:

A)avoid all foods containing vitamin K.
B)take a vitamin K supplement.
C)consume consistent amounts of vitamin K daily.
D)avoid green, leafy vegetables.
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53
People taking MAO inhibitors should restrict their intake of:

A)tomato sauce.
B)cheddar cheese.
C)cottage cheese.
D)white wine.
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54
Which of the following side effects might be expected from long-term use of corticosteroids?

A)weight gain, muscle wasting, bone loss, hyperglycemia
B)weight loss, hypertension, bone loss, hypoglycemia
C)weight gain, high cholesterol, bone loss, hypoglycemia
D)weight loss, muscle wasting, kidney failure, hyperglycemia
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55
People taking lithium are advised to maintain a consistent intake of _____ from day to day in order to maintain a stable blood level of lithium.

A)calcium
B)zinc
C)sodium
D)alcohol
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56
of the problems with determining the effectiveness of an herbal remedy is:

A)the lack of a consistent supply of herbs.
B)the fact that different samples of an herb can have different chemical compositions.
C)inconsistent labeling of supplements.
D)differing opinions about the best method for testing herbs.
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57
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
Which herbal product taken by Mr.Salazar may be causing his heart arrhythmia?

A)yohimbe
B)kava kava
C)St.John's wort
D)valerian
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58
Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.During the course of his hospital stay, he was diagnosed with a heart arrhythmia.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol, an MAO inhibitor to treat depression, and an analgesic to treat his pain.Mr.Salazar's wife also reports that he takes several herbal products including, yohimbe, kava kava, valerian, and St.John's wort.
advice should be given to Mr.Salazar regarding his use of herbal products?

A)Each time he visits his physician, he should bring a list of all prescription medications and herbal products he regularly takes.
B)He should look up the side effects of each herbal product he takes so he can be aware of them.
C)He should never take more than one herbal product at a time.
D)Herbal products should never be taken at the same time he takes his prescription medications.
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59
Which food should not be eaten in a tyramine-controlled diet?

A)tomatoes
B)liver
C)cucumbers
D)pork sausage
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60
49.The one characteristic that all alternative therapies have in common is:

A)their effectiveness.
B)research as to their safety.
C)a lack of evidence about their effectiveness.
D)the absence of any interactions or effects with mainstream medical care.
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61
Describe which types of individuals are at high risk for adverse effects from medications.
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62
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
How should Mr.Hare be counseled regarding his vitamin K intake?
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63
nurse recognizes that a patient placed on the anticoagulant drug warfarin will need:

A)supplements of vitamin K.
B)a high-kcalorie diet.
C)education regarding diet-drug interactions.
D)education regarding increasing iron intake.
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64
Concerns about the use of CAM by consumers include all of the following except:

A)consumers may assume that all CAM therapies are safe.
B)the use of CAM therapies may delay the use of reliable treatments.
C)most CAM therapies are not regulated or monitored.
D)CAM therapies are more expensive than traditional medical care.
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65
What are three general ways in which diet and drugs can interact?
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66
53.Which of the following alternative therapies involves the alleged curative power of "energy"?

A)qi gong
B)massage therapy
C)biofeedback training
D)faith healing
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67
Which of the following is a form of traditional Chinese medicine?

A)bioelectromagnetic therapy
B)acupuncture
C)chiropractic
D)therapeutic touch
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68
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
Could either of the dietary supplements Mr.Hare is taking interact with his prescription medications? If so, which ones and why?
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69
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
Do any of the drugs Mr.Hare is taking prevent him from safely consuming grapefruit? If so, which ones and why?
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70
common biologically based therapy is the use of:

A)dietary supplements and herbal products.
B)chiropractic medicine.
C)massage therapy.
D)aromatherapy.
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71
patient is taking an MAO inhibitor and is on a tyramine-controlled diet.Which of the following foods should be avoided?

A)American cheese
B)peanuts
C)mushrooms
D)spinach
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72
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
As a health professional, what steps should you take to determine if any of the medications and supplements Mr.Hare is taking has the potential for diet-drug or drug-drug interactions?
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73
Discuss the ways in which drugs can affect food intake.
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74
Describe how you would counsel a patient who is taking herbal supplements to treat a medical condition.
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75
Case Study
Ernest Hare is a 75-year-old retired railroad engineer.He has a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and anxiety.His medications include warfarin, simvastatin, Lopressor, lorazepam, and Lasix.In addition to these prescription drugs, Mr.Hare takes garlic tablets and St.John's wort.
Which medication that Mr.Hare is taking interacts with vitamin K? How does this interaction occur?
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