Deck 9: Water and the Minerals

Question 1

People who eat mostly processed and fast foods have the highest sodium intakes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

regard to caffeine, the DRI Committee determined that:

A)beverages that contain caffeine do not count toward meetings one's fluid needs.
B)a person should not consume more than three cups of caffeine-containing beverages a day.
C)caffeinated beverages contribute to daily total water intake similar to that contributed by non-caffeinated beverages.
D)caffeine causes a net deficit of fluid in the body; therefore, caffeine-containing beverages should be avoided by athletes particularly.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Absorption of iron increases as intake increases.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Children with a mild iodine deficiency typically perform poorly in school.

Question 5

Which of the following organ systems plays the primary role in maintaining acid-base balance?

A)lungs
B)skin
C)GI tract
D)kidneys

Question 6

Mustard greens, kale, parsley, watercress, and broccoli are good sources of available calcium.

Question 7

person must have water in his or her diet:

A)because the kidneys exert no control over the amount of water excreted in the urine.
B)to prevent vitamin imbalances in the body.
C)because the kidneys must excrete a minimum amount of water as urine to rid the body of wastes.
D)in order to prevent water intoxication.

Question 8

Electrolytes in the body function to:

A)maintain fluid balance.
B)stimulate enzyme action.
C)synthesize protein.
D)maintain the health of cell membranes.

Question 9

is the minimum amount of urine the body must excrete each day to remove waste products?

A)500 mL
B)700 mL
C)2300 mL
D)3000 mL

Question 10

Potassium deficiency is characterized by a decrease in blood pressure, salt sensitivity, kidney stones, and bone turnover.

Question 11

According to the DRI Committee, the adequate intake for total water for a female is:

A)2 cups per day.
B)2.7 L per day.
C)3.7 L per day.
D)24 ounces per day.

Question 12

percentage of an adult's body is water?

A)30%
B)40%
C)60%
D)90%

Question 13

Adequate calcium intake is important between the ages of 12 and 30 because this is the time when bones grow thicker and denser.

Question 14

Parasitic infections of the GI tract can lead to iron-deficiency anemia due to bleeding.

Question 15

Water constitutes up to 95 percent of the volume of most fruits and vegetables.

Question 16

Pale, yellow urine is representative of dehydration.

Question 17

Water is involved in all of the following except:

A)regulating body temperature.
B)converting lipids to amino acids.
C)serving as a solvent for minerals and vitamins.
D)acting as a lubricant around joints.

Question 18

sodium levels are largely regulated through:

A)changes in intestinal absorption, depending on need.
B)changes in fecal excretion.
C)storage of excess sodium in the liver.
D)excretion of excess sodium by the kidneys.

Question 19

Thirst and satiety are the two factors that govern water intake in healthy people.

Question 20

hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it is

A)thyroxine.
B)ADH.
C)cortisone.
D)epinephrine.

Question 21

Which of the following body processes is not dependent upon the presence of calcium in the body fluids?

A)blood clotting
B)muscle contractions
C)transmission of nerve impulses
D)transportation of oxygen in the bloodstream

Question 22

Potassium:

A)is directly necessary for protein synthesis in cells.
B)protects bone structure against degeneration.
C)is the body's principal electrolyte inside the cells.
D)is necessary for wound healing.

Question 23

UL for sodium intake for adults is set at:

A)1200 mg.
B)1500 mg.
C)2300 mg.
D)3000 mg.

Question 24

major negative ion of the extracellular fluid is:

A)sodium.
B)potassium.
C)chloride.
D)calcium.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a good source of potassium?

A)orange juice
B)bananas
C)cheese
D)broccoli

Question 26

Which of the following groups of people would have the lowest sodium intakes?

A)those who avoid adding salt to their food
B)those who exercise strenuously on a regular basis
C)those who eat mostly processed foods
D)those who eat mostly whole, unprocessed foods

Question 27

Which of the following foods is low in sodium?

A)pickles
B)fresh carrots
C)processed cheese
D)bologna

Question 28

important function of chloride in the body is to:

A)maintain fluid balance.
B)regulate metabolism.
C)develop bone cells.
D)control blood glucose levels.

Question 29

primary regulator of extracellular fluid volume is:

A)chlorine.
B)sodium.
C)magnesium.
D)potassium.

Question 30

Bones continuously gain and lose minerals.This ongoing process is called:

A)reorganization.
B)remodeling.
C)reorienting.
D)redesigning.

Question 31

People who regularly take prescription drugs such as steroids and diuretics are at risk for a deficiency of:

A)potassium.
B)chloride.
C)iodine.
D)selenium.

Question 32

Ninety-nine percent of the body's calcium is stored in the:

A)bones.
B)liver.
C)kidneys.
D)blood.

Question 33

irregular heartbeat related to potassium loss may occur:

A)with diets low in fresh fruits and vegetables.
B)as a result of severe diarrhea.
C)in persons with diabetes.
D)due to an excessive intake of protein.

Question 34

the list below, choose the richest source of potassium.

A)fresh fruits and vegetables
B)milk and dairy products
C)meats and meat substitutes
D)bread and cereals

Question 35

most reliable food source(s) of chloride is (are):

A)meats and whole-grain cereals.
B)salt.
C)dark green vegetables.
D)drinking water.

Question 36

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to:

A)provide energy for cells.
B)provide rigidity for the bones.
C)regulate the transmission of nerve impulses.
D)regulate muscle contraction.

Question 37

blood calcium falls too low, a regulatory system acts in three locations to raise it.Which of the following is not one of those locations?

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)bones
D)kidneys

Question 38

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

A)iron
B)sulfur
C)calcium
D)potassium

Question 39

largest percentage of sodium in people's diets comes from:

A)salt added during cooking.
B)salt added to foods by manufacturers.
C)salt added at the table.
D)the natural salt content of foods.

Question 40

typical U.S.diet provides about _____ the recommended intake of potassium.

A)¼
B)1/3
C)½
D)¾

Question 41

person who is severely lacking in _____ may experience a sulfur deficiency.

A)carbohydrate
B)fatty acids
C)protein
D)vitamins

Question 42

Osteoporosis is more prevalent in women due to all of the following reasons except:

A)women consume less calcium.
B)women have lower bone mass.
C)women have smaller bodies.
D)bone loss begins later in women.

Question 43

percentage of dietary iron normally absorbed is about:

A)10-15%.
B)25-50%.
C)35-65%.
D)70-80%.

Question 44

Blood calcium levels can be increased by all of the following except:

A)increased absorption of calcium in the intestines.
B)retention of calcium by the kidneys.
C)release of calcium from the bones.
D)manufacture of calcium from albumin.

Question 45

the foods listed, the best source of phosphorus is:

A)tofu.
B)chicken.
C)noodles.
D)cheese.

Question 46

Osteoporosis is found in:

A)young women; they have porous and thin bones.
B)older women; they have large bones.
C)older women; they have porous, thin, and fragile bones.
D)young children; they have bowed legs.
E)men; they have thick bones.

Question 47

Magnesium deficiency may occur as a result of all of the following except:

A)vomiting.
B)diarrhea.
C)constipation.
D)alcohol abuse.

Question 48

of the following are true of phosphorus except that it:

A)participates in the transfer of energy during cellular metabolism.
B)is necessary for growth.
C)is found with calcium in bones and teeth.
D)aids in blood glucose regulation.

Question 49

Which of the following is not a form of iron?

A)transferrin
B)ferritin
C)hemosiderin
D)hepcidin

Question 50

Amino acids containing the mineral _____ help to form the shape of proteins.

A)sulfur
B)sodium
C)phosphorous
D)selenium

Question 51

36.Which of the following enhances calcium absorption from the GI tract?

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)protein
D)linoleic acid

Question 52

is a component of the protein _____, which transports oxygen in the bloodstream.

A)myoglobin
B)transferrin
C)hemosiderin
D)hemoglobin

Question 53

Magnesium's major functions in the body include all of the following except:

A)it is critical to the operation of hundreds of enzymes.
B)synthesis of protein in the soft tissues.
C)it allows muscles to relax after contraction.
D)regulation of body temperature.

Question 54

All of the following foods are good sources of bioavailable calcium except:

A)milk.
B)sardines.
C)cheddar cheese.
D)spinach.

Question 55

Which mineral is a principal component of cell membranes?

A)iron
B)phosphorous
C)potassium
D)iodine

Question 56

hallucinations commonly experienced during withdrawal from alcohol intoxication are believed to be due to a deficiency of:

A)magnesium.
B)phosphorus.
C)iron.
D)calcium.

Question 57

mineral that is least likely to be deficient in anyone's diet is:

A)calcium.
B)phosphorus.
C)iron.
D)iodine.

Question 58

Calcium is found in the most abundance in:

A)dark green vegetables.
B)milk.
C)meats.
D)cereal grains.

Question 59

is important in the body because it is:

A)needed for blood clotting.
B)an integral part of bones and teeth.
C)an antioxidant.
D)an integral constituent of hemoglobin.

Question 60

best food sources of magnesium include:

A)legumes, whole grains, and chocolate.
B)milk, rice, and apples.
C)oranges, beef, and cheese.
D)oils, bananas, and pork.

Question 61

Keshan disease is related to a deficiency of:

A)fluoride.
B)iodine.
C)selenium.
D)iron.

Question 62

diabetes-like condition may develop when _____ is lacking in the diet.

A)iron
B)zinc
C)chromium
D)molybdenum

Question 63

order to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal, you would:

A)consume tea as a beverage with the meal.
B)eat a calcium-rich food with the meal.
C)consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal.
D)avoid eating foods rich in vitamin C with the meal.

Question 64

Iodine deficiency is associated with all of the following except:

A)weight gain.
B)cretinism.
C)weight loss.
D)goiter.

Question 65

good food source of iodine is:

A)bananas.
B)seafood.
C)broccoli.
D)pork.

Question 66

best way to ensure an adequate intake of trace minerals is to:

A)eat foods containing the major minerals.
B)make sure your diet is sufficient in vitamins.
C)consume a variety of foods.
D)practice dietary adequacy.

Question 67

Which of the following is a poor food source of iron?

A)dried fruits
B)enriched cereals
C)legumes
D)cheese

Question 68

Which mineral is essential for wound healing?

A)potassium
B)sulfate
C)zinc
D)iodine

Question 69

is a behavior seen in some people who are deficient in:

A)sodium.
B)potassium.
C)chromium.
D)iron.

Question 70

intakes of _____ interfere with copper absorption and can lead to a deficiency.

A)zinc
B)iron
C)chromium
D)manganese

Question 71

the U.S., low iron intake is often associated with:

A)high sugar and fat intakes.
B)high protein intake.
C)low carbohydrate intake.
D)low intake of fruits and vegetables.

Question 72

is highest in foods with high _____ content.

A)alcohol
B)protein
C)carbohydrate
D)fat

Question 73

Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency is:

A)zinc deficiency.
B)selenium deficiency.
C)iron deficiency.
D)iodine deficiency.

Question 74

of the following supplement preparations should be avoided except those:

A)containing carnitine or inositol.
B)claiming to be "high-potency" or a "therapeutic dose."
C)containing a balance of vitamins and minerals.
D)claiming to be "organic" or "natural" preparations with added substances.

Question 75

selecting a vitamin-mineral supplement, choose one in which the nutrient levels are:

A)at or very close to the RDA.
B)all the same.
C)at least 200 percent of the RDA.
D)at least 300 percent of the RDA.

Question 76

Nutrient supplements in amounts consistent with the RDA should be taken in all of the following circumstances except:

A)when your energy intake is low.
B)when you are a vegan.
C)when you have an illness that takes away your appetite.
D)when you depend primarily on grocery-store foods.

Question 77

Which of the following food components or nutrients does not contribute to iron deficiency?

A)tannins
B)calcium
C)phytates
D)vitamin C

Question 78

Supplements containing _____ should be kept out of children's reach to prevent accidental poisonings, which can potentially be fatal.

A)iron
B)vitamin D
C)zinc
D)niacin

Question 79

Supplement users are more likely to have excessive intakes of:

A)the B vitamins.
B)iron, zinc, vitamin A, and niacin.
C)vitamins A, D, E, and K
D)calcium, iron, vitamin C, and thiamin

Question 80

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing:

A)cancer.
B)diabetes.
C)dental decay.
D)heart disease.
E)goiter.