Deck 11: Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Question 1

Because of the dangers of obesity, an overweight woman should try to gain little or no weight during pregnancy.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

requirement for folate during pregnancy increases from 400 micrograms per day to _____ micrograms per day.

A)450
B)500
C)600
D)800

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The effects of malnutrition during critical periods in pregnancy:

A)can be offset by vitamin and mineral supplementation.
B)are irreversible.
C)can be remedied later in pregnancy with a nutritious diet.
D)are not significant.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via:

A)the placenta.
B)the amniotic sac.
C)its lungs.
D)its intestines.

Question 5

developing brain of a fetus contains substantial amounts of lipid material and depends on _____ for proper development and function.

A)long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
B)monounsaturated fatty acids
C)cholesterol
D)medium-chain fatty acids

Question 6

RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional _____ grams per day.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)25

Question 7

of the following are likely complications that obese pregnant women may face except:

A)premature delivery.
B)a larger-than-normal baby.
C)complications during delivery.
D)a low-birthweight baby.

Question 8

increased requirement for _____ during pregnancy is related to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells.

A)calcium and vitamin K
B)vitamin E and vitamin C
C)folate and vitamin B₁₂
D)protein and calcium

Question 9

A lactating mother should avoid all types of oral contraceptives.
Nutrition in Practice - Encouraging Successful Breastfeeding

Question 10

Low-carbohydrate diets during pregnancy:

A)help to prevent excess weight gain for the mother.
B)may impair brain development in the fetus.
C)may lead to pre-term labor.
D)aid in preventing gestational diabetes.

Question 11

Improper breastfeeding position is a frequent cause of sore nipples.

Question 12

Research suggests that low-birthweight babies may experience any of the following long-term health effects except:

A)a lower adult IQ.
B)greater risk of heart disease and hypertension.
C)short stature.
D)greater risk of psychological problems.

Question 13

Pregnant women who are vegans should get their protein from:

A)protein supplements.
B)high-protein smoothies.
C)legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and tofu.
D)milk, yogurt, and cheese.

Question 14

Increasing maternal fluid intake does not increase breast milk volume.

Question 15

ensure sound nutrition, the mother's diet during pregnancy should include:

A)twice as many kcalories to spare protein for tissue synthesis.
B)an additional 25 grams of protein each day.
C)enough salt to promote edema.
D)vitamin and mineral supplements, instead of food, to prevent weight gain.

Question 16

Ample carbohydrate is needed by the pregnant woman in order to:

A)raise blood glucose levels.
B)fuel the fetal brain and spare protein needed for fetal growth.
C)provide adequate protein.
D)increase glycogen stores in the fetus.

Question 17

During pregnancy, food energy needs increase less than nutrient needs.To achieve this balance, food selection should include all but which of the following?

A)foods of high nutrient density
B)decreased portions of calcium-rich foods
C)use of nonfat milk and lean meats
D)increased portions of vitamin C-rich foods

Question 18

A low-birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.

Question 19

pregnant woman's daily energy needs increase by _____ kcalories in the first trimester, ____ kcalories in the second trimester, and _____ kcalories in the third trimester.

A)0, 340, 450
B)100, 300, 500
C)50, 140, 250
D)0, 300, 600

Question 20

most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is:

A)rapidity of the mother's recovery.
B)the infant's birthweight.
C)the age at which the infant first learns to walk.
D)the ease and rapidity of delivery.

Question 21

nutrients are typically found in greater quantities in prenatal supplements compared to regular vitamin/mineral supplements?

A)sodium, potassium, chloride
B)thiamin, niacin, riboflavin
C)folate, iron, calcium
D)folate, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin A

Question 22

pregnant women need iron supplements because:

A)their RDA for iron is twice that of non-pregnant women.
B)the body does not conserve iron well during pregnancy.
C)iron supplements are better absorbed than iron from food.
D)their iron reserves are generally not high.

Question 23

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of:

A)preterm delivery.
B)excessive weight gain.
C)inadequate weight gain.
D)gestational diabetes.

Question 24

most common cause of maternal mortality in developed countries is:

A)hypertension.
B)eclampsia.
C)gestational diabetes.
D)preeclampsia.

Question 25

American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants receive breast milk for the first _____ months of life.

A)3
B)4
C)6
D)12

Question 26

low intake of _____ increases the likelihood that an infant will be born with a neural tube defect.

A)iron
B)vitamin C
C)protein
D)folate

Question 27

Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products.To increase her folate and calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of:

A)yogurt.
B)calcium-fortified orange juice.
C)calcium-fortified cheese.
D)enriched grains.

Question 28

a woman gains 30 pounds during pregnancy, the net amount of body fat she gains is about _____.

A)1 pound
B)7 pounds
C)10 pounds
D)15 pounds

Question 29

benefits of physical activity during pregnancy include all of the following except:

A)It improves the overall fitness of the mother.
B)It helps to prevent or manage gestational diabetes.
C)It may result in fewer discomforts during pregnancy.
D)It promotes an earlier delivery.

Question 30

Which of the following foods is not provided by the WIC program?

A)milk
B)iron-fortified cereal
C)granola bars
D)eggs

Question 31

Which of the following is not an adverse effect of smoking during lactation?

A)lower milk production
B)lower fat content in breast milk
C)low weight gain in the baby
D)higher fat content in breast milk

Question 32

Because of concern about mercury contamination, pregnant women are advised to avoid:

A)king mackerel.
B)shrimp.
C)catfish.
D)flounder.

Question 33

Nora, who is pregnant, awakens at 2:00a.m.craving pickles and chocolate sauce.The craving probably indicates that she:

A)drank too much coffee last night.
B)drank too much alcohol last night.
C)needs some nutrients that are found in pickles and chocolate sauce.
D)is experiencing hormone-induced changes in taste.

Question 34

meet her increased energy needs, a breastfeeding woman is advised to consume an extra _____ calories per day until her infant is 6 months old.

A)230
B)330
B)430
D)530

Question 35

obese women should gain _____ pounds during pregnancy.

A)5-7
B)11-20
C)17-24
D)25-35

Question 36

Herbal supplements during pregnancy:

A)are generally considered safe.
B)do not need to be discussed with the physician since they can be purchased over the counter.
C)are not recommended due to lack of evidence about their safety and effectiveness.
D)are recommended for relieving nausea.

Question 37

you counsel Mrs.Chamberlin regarding the "morning sickness" she is experiencing, you will suggest she:

A)limit the amount of fat in her diet.
B)take iron supplements on an empty stomach.
C)limit meals to three a day.
D)eat the foods she wants when she feels like eating.

Question 38

For a healthy pregnant woman, physicians often recommend:

A)multivitamin and mineral supplements and weight gain of about 25-35 pounds.
B)no vitamin or mineral supplements and weight gain of at least 30 pounds.
C)vitamin C supplements and weight gain of about 20 pounds.
D)multivitamin and mineral supplements and weight gain of no more than 20 pounds.

Question 39

a lactating woman's diet is poor, her milk:

A)volume will be normal but the nutrient quality will be poor.
B)will be thin and watery.
C)quality will be maintained at the expense of maternal stores.
D)will contain toxic products.

Question 40

adverse effects of cigarette smoking by pregnant women include all of the following except:

A)future intellectual problems in the baby.
B)developmental defects in the fetus.
C)slowed growth in the fetus.
D)excessive weight gain for the mother.

Question 41

the United States, about _____ of infants are still breastfeeding at one year of age.

A)10%
B)20%
C)35%
D)60%

Question 42

encourage breastfeeding, maternity facilities would be wise to adopt all of the following policies except:

A)Give no artificial nipples or pacifiers to breastfeeding infants.
B)Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within half an hour of birth.
C)Keep babies in the nursery until feeding time to allow new mothers to rest.
D)Train all health care staff in the skills necessary to implement the breastfeeding policy.

Question 43

What is meant by a "critical period" during pregnancy? What is the importance of nutrition during a critical period?

Question 44

what length of time should the infant be encouraged to suck on each breast?

A)two to four minutes
B)four to eight minutes
C)five to ten minutes
D)ten to fifteen minutes

Question 45

Describe the nutrient needs of a breastfeeding woman.

Question 46

Describe the energy, carbohydrate, and protein needs of a pregnant woman.

Question 47

Which of the following situations indicates that the mother should not breastfeed?

A)use of birth control pills
B)an ordinary cold
C)drug addiction
D)moderate coffee consumption

Question 48

successfully breastfeed her infant, the mother should do all of the following except:

A)push the infant's face toward her nipple.
B)learn how to relax and position herself comfortably.
C)touch the infant's cheek to her nipple.
D)slip a finger between the infant's mouth and her breast to break suction.

Question 49

major deterrent to breastfeeding is:

A)fear and social anxiety.
B)the medical community's failure to encourage breastfeeding.
C)the difficulty in breastfeeding for working mothers.
D)post-partum depression.

Question 50

What can maternity facilities do to encourage women to breastfeed their infants?

Question 51

ideal time for the first breastfeeding is:

A)immediately after delivery.
B)one hour after delivery.
C)four hours after delivery.
D)the next day after delivery.

Question 52

Discuss the potential health problems of a low-birthweight infant.

Question 53

is forced to the front of the breast when an infant begins to nurse.This is called the:

A)rooting reflex.
B)initial force.
C)infant grasp.
D)letdown reflex.

Question 54

Describe the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, and excessive caffeine consumption on the growth and development of the fetus.