Deck 5: Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

Some partially digested nutrients can be caught in the microvilli, but they cannot be further digested.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Drinking plenty of water in conjunction with eating foods high in fiber supplies fluid for the fiber to take up, thus relieving constipation.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Of all the organs in the GI tract, the small intestine has the thickest walls and strongest muscles.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

_____ prevents food from entering the lungs.

A)lower esophageal sphincter
B)pharynx
C)ileocecal valve
D)epiglottis

Question 5

Another name for the digestive tract is the:

A)urinary tract.
B)exocrine system.
C)gastrointestinal system.
D)muscular system.

Question 6

_____ is formed in the mouth.

A)bile
B)bolus
C)chyme
D)villus

Question 7

Segmentation propels or pushes food through the GI tract while peristalsis mixes the food, with a more gradual pushing motion.

Question 8

Chyme is:

A)a semiliquid mass of partially digested food.
B)a portion of food swallowed at one time.
C)an enzyme in the stomach needed for the digestion of protein.
D)an esophageal secretion.

Question 9

digestive tract begins at the ____ and ends at the ____.

A)stomach; large intestine
B)pharynx; rectum
C)lower esophageal sphincter; rectum
D)mouth; anus

Question 10

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the:

A)pyloric sphincter.
B)lower esophageal sphincter.
C)ileocecal valve.
D)bolus.

Question 11

People should not eat certain food combinations at the same meal because the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.

Question 12

Pepsin cannot function in the strong acid of the stomach.

Question 13

The mouth initiates the liquefying process to reduce the food to a coarse mash suitable for swallowing.

Question 14

organs that secrete digestive juices into the small intestine are the _____ and _____.

A)gallbladder; pancreas
B)pancreas; liver
C)gallbladder; liver
D)duodenum; pancreas

Question 15

A nutrient or other substance must pass through the cells of the digestive tract wall before it actually enters the body.

Question 16

stomach empties into the:

A)ileum.
B)cecum.
C)jejunum.
D)duodenum.

Question 17

Digestion is completed in the large intestine.

Question 18

movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the:

A)pancreas.
B)pyloric sphincter.
C)ileocecal valve.
D)duodenum.

Question 19

bolus is a(n):

A)sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
B)portion of food swallowed at one time.
C)enzyme that hydrolyzes starch.
D)portion of partially digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.

Question 20

Saliva protects tooth surfaces and the linings of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach from attack by molecules that might be harmful.

Question 21

After the pancreatic juices have mixed with chyme in the intestine, the resulting mixture is:

A)very acidic.
B)slightly acidic.
C)strongly alkaline.
D)slightly alkaline.

Question 22

liver:

A)reabsorbs water and salts.
B)secretes bile.
C)churns food to chyme.
D)performs enzymatic digestion.

Question 23

normal pH of the stomach is:

A)very acidic.
B)slightly acidic.
C)neutral.
D)slightly alkaline.
E)strongly alkaline.

Question 24

"Peristalsis" is a term that refers to the:

A)circulation of blood in the blood vessels.
B)absorption of food in the intestines.
C)mixing and moving of food through the lymphatic system.
D)action of the involuntary muscles of the digestive tract.

Question 25

Which of the following organs is the primary source of digestive enzymes?

A)pancreas
B)gallbladder
C)small intestine
D)liver

Question 26

nutrients that are digested in the small intestine are:

A)carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
B)fat, water, and fiber.
C)protein, vitamins, and fiber.
D)water, fiber, and minerals.

Question 27

major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

A)amylase.
B)lipase.
C)pepsin.
D)disaccharidase.

Question 28

major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of:

A)starch.
B)proteins.
C)fat.
D)vitamins.

Question 29

The digestion of proteins begins in the _____ and ends in the _____.

A)stomach; pancreas
B)pancreas; small intestine
C)stomach; small intestine
D)small intestine; liver

Question 30

Which specific enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth?

A)carbohydrase
B)lipase
C)salivary amylase
D)gastric protease

Question 31

function of mucus in the stomach is to:

A)neutralize stomach acid.
B)activate pepsinogen to pepsin.
C)protect stomach cells from gastric juices.
D)emulsify fats.

Question 32

gallbladder:

A)reabsorbs water and salts.
B)churns food to chyme.
C)performs enzymatic digestion.
D)stores bile.

Question 33

main function of bile is to:

A)emulsify fats.
B)stimulate the activity of protein digestive enzymes.
C)neutralize the intestinal contents.
D)decrease the acidity of the contents of the stomach.

Question 34

Saliva contains an enzyme that digests:

A)proteins.
B)minerals.
C)starches.
D)vitamins.

Question 35

addition to hydrochloric acid, the stomach cells also secrete:

A)mucus.
B)bile.
C)amylase.
D)lipoproteins.

Question 36

Enzymes:

A)facilitate chemical reactions.
B)draw water into the small intestine.
C)are present in all parts of the GI tract.
D)encourage bacterial growth.

Question 37

the gallbladder becomes diseased, the digestion of _____ can become compromised.

A)fat
B)protein
C)carbohydrate
D)fiber

Question 38

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract.The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

A)segmentation.
B)rotation.
C)peristalsis.
D)liquefaction.

Question 39

Which of the following organs does not contribute juices during digestion?

A)salivary glands
B)small intestine
C)pancreas
D)esophagus

Question 40

Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?

A)water
B)enzymes
C)chylomicrons
D)hydrochloric acid

Question 41

Which of the following nutrients is/are absorbed into the lymphatic system?

A)fat-soluble vitamins
B)water
C)amino acids
D)glucose

Question 42

the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves materials that the body must recycle.These materials are:

A)water and dissolved salts.
B)iron and water.
C)protein and sodium.
D)water and fiber.

Question 43

Which of the following foods would result in the slowest rate of digestion?

A)a piece of toast with strawberry jam
B)a grilled steak
C)a green salad with low-fat salad dressing
D)a cup of green beans

Question 44

After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into the _____ transport system.

A)excretory
B)mesentery
C)vascular
D)lymphatic

Question 45

the following, which nutrient takes longest to digest?

A)fat
B)sugar
C)vitamin C
D)iron

Question 46

emulsification of fat requires:

A)bile.
B)enzymes.
C)prostaglandins.
D)intestinal flora.

Question 47

Which of the following is not part of the structure of a chylomicron?

A)phospholipid
B)protein
C)triglyceride
D)water-soluble vitamins

Question 48

microscopic hairs that cover the surface of each cell lining the small intestine are called:

A)intestinal folds.
B)villi.
C)microvilli.
D)lymphatics.

Question 49

Which of the following foods would result in the most rapid rate of digestion?

A)a scoop of lemon sherbet
B)an apple
C)a baked potato with sour cream
D)a piece of cheese on a cracker

Question 50

Villi are part of the structure of the:

A)esophagus.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 51

benefit of fiber is that it:

A)promotes mineral absorption.
B)aids in keeping stools soft.
C)prevents diarrhea.
D)keeps individual foods from getting mixed together.

Question 52

After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as:

A)HDL.
B)VLDL.
C)LDL.
D)chylomicrons.

Question 53

Which of these foods would be digested most quickly?

A)sugar cookies
B)peanut butter sandwich and milk
C)stew and cornbread
D)hamburger, french fries, and milkshake

Question 54

Which of the following contains no digestive enzymes?

A)saliva
B)gastric juice
C)intestinal juice
D)bile

Question 55

primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

A)stomach.
B)pancreas.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 56

present in the GI tract:

A)slow down the process of digestion and absorption.
B)cause difficulty in digestion.
C)stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption.
D)are carriers of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.

Question 57

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?

A)vitamins, minerals, water
B)carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals
C)fat, protein, minerals
D)carbohydrate, protein, fat

Question 58

Fiber functions to:

A)aid in the absorption of vitamins.
B)produce GI bacteria.
C)stimulate the GI tract muscles.
D)stimulate the absorption of nutrients.

Question 59

After absorption, the water-soluble nutrients are released directly into the:

A)bloodstream.
B)kidneys.
C)liver.
D)lymph.

Question 60

Bacteria in the GI tract perform all of the following functions except:

A)producing biotin.
B)protecting people from infection.
C)producing vitamin K.
D)producing bile.

Question 61

To prevent bacterial growth when holding cooked foods, they should be kept at _____° F or higher until served.

A)40
B)140
C)165
D)200

Question 62

Which of the following is the body's major metabolic organ?

A)pancreas
B)small intestine
C)gallbladder
D)liver

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true regarding the prevention of foodborne illnesses?

A)Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten.
B)Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen.
C)Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal.
D)Meats should be marinated at room temperature.

Question 64

Elevated LDL concentrations are associated with a high risk of heart disease because they:

A)transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues.
B)carry excessive amounts of fat that is deposited around the heart.
C)encourage high levels of iron in the blood.
D)take excess cholesterol back to the liver, which increases the production of cholesterol.

Question 65

Which of the following will cause a foodborne infection?

A)Foods containing toxin-producing microbes
B)Clostridium botulinum
C)Campylobacter jejuni
D)Staphylococcus aureus

Question 66

Cold food should be stored at _____ or less.

A)40° F
B)55° F
C)80° F
D)140° F

Question 67

When nutrients enter the blood vessels from the small intestine, they are first transported to the:

A)kidney.
B)liver.
C)cells throughout the body.
D)thoracic duct.

Question 68

lipoprotein that contains the greatest proportion of triglyceride is the:

A)HDL.
B)LDL.
C)VLDL.
D)chylomicron.

Question 69

Which of the following factors is not instrumental to the optimal health and performance of the digestive system?

A)adequate sleep
B)enzyme supplements
C)mental state
D)nutrition

Question 70

The lymphatic system:

A)contains fluid with the same composition as blood.
B)eventually drains into the blood circulatory system.
C)carries chylomicrons to the intestines.
D)is where metabolism of nutrients takes place.

Question 71

Leftovers should be used within _____ days.

A)5-7
B)3-4
C)2-3
D)1-2

Question 72

Elevated HDL concentrations are associated with a low risk of heart disease because they:

A)transport newly absorbed lipids from intestinal cells to the rest of the body.
B)carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the rest of the body.
C)carry lipids around in the blood more than LDL.
D)take excess cholesterol and phospholipids from the tissues and return them to the liver.