Question 1

process of protein breakdown and synthesis is called:&#10;A)protein recovery.&#10;B)the protein cycle.&#10;C)protein turnover.&#10;D)protein rotation.

Accepted Answer

The process of protein breakdown and synthesis is known as protein turnover. This involves the breakdown of old or damaged proteins and the synthesis of new proteins to maintain the body's protein balance. The process of protein breakdown and synthesis is called protein turnover which involves the continuous breakdown of old or damaged proteins and their replacement with new ones. This process is important for maintaining the function and structure of cells and tissues. Choices A, B, and D are not accurate terms for describing the process of protein turnover.

Question 2

essential amino acid:&#10;A)is not necessary to the diet.&#10;B)must be supplied by the diet.&#10;C)can be made from glucose in the body.&#10;D)can be made from fat in the body.

Accepted Answer

Essential amino acids are not produced by the body, so they must be obtained from the diet. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet, making option B the correct answer. The other options are incorrect as essential amino acids are necessary to the diet and cannot be made from glucose or fat in the body.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the nine essential amino acids?&#10;A)carnitine&#10;B)phenylalanine&#10;C)tryptophan&#10;D)histidine

Accepted Answer

Carnitine is not an amino acid, it's a quaternary ammonium compound synthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine. The nine essential amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Carnitine is not one of the nine essential amino acids.

Question 4

Enzymes:&#10;A)are made up of carbohydrate.&#10;B)are essential to all life processes.&#10;C)are altered by the chemical reactions they facilitate.&#10;D)are essential nutrients.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are essential to all life processes. They are catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are involved in many processes, including digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication. Enzymes are protein molecules that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. They are essential to all life processes because without them, many biochemical reactions that are necessary for life would occur too slowly or not occur at all. Enzymes are not made up of carbohydrates and are not essential nutrients, as the body can produce them on its own. While enzymes do facilitate chemical reactions, they themselves are not altered in the process (they can be reused).

Question 5

person is in positive nitrogen balance during:&#10;A)growth.&#10;B)old age.&#10;C)exercise.&#10;D)adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Positive nitrogen balance means that the body is retaining more nitrogen than it is excreting. This is typically seen during periods of growth, when the body is building new tissues and requires a steady supply of nitrogen-containing amino acids. Exercise and adulthood may require increased protein intake, but they do not necessarily result in positive nitrogen balance. Old age is often associated with a negative nitrogen balance, as the body's ability to build and maintain tissues declines. The state of positive nitrogen balance means that the body is retaining more nitrogen than it is excreting. This is necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues, as nitrogen is a key component of amino acids and therefore protein. Growing individuals have higher protein needs to support their rapid tissue growth, so they are typically in a state of positive nitrogen balance. Older adults, on the other hand, may be in a state of negative nitrogen balance because of muscle wasting and decreased protein synthesis, and those who do not consume adequate protein or who experience illness or injury may also experience negative nitrogen balance. Exercise and adulthood are not inherently related to nitrogen balance; whether an individual is in a state of positive or negative balance depends on their protein intake and the demands on their body.

Question 6

component that distinguishes one amino acid from another is its:&#10;A)side group.&#10;B)backbone.&#10;C)size.&#10;D)shape.

Accepted Answer

The side group or R-group is the component that distinguishes one amino acid from another. This is because the side group is unique to each amino acid and can vary in size, shape, and chemical properties. The backbone of all amino acids is the same, consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a central alpha carbon. Size and shape may play a role in determining the function of the protein, but they do not distinguish one amino acid from another. The side group, also referred to as the "R" group, is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. While all amino acids have the same backbone structure, their side groups can vary greatly in size, shape, and chemical composition. This variation in side groups is what gives each amino acid its unique chemical and physical properties.

Question 7

The term &#34;non-essential,&#34; as it applies to amino acids, means that:&#10;A)the body does not require them.&#10;B)they differ in their capacity to support growth.&#10;C)the liver can produce those the body lacks.&#10;D)they are not used to synthesize tissue.

Accepted Answer

Non-essential amino acids are those that the body is able to produce on its own, in contrast to essential amino acids which must be obtained from the diet. The liver is responsible for synthesizing these non-essential amino acids, which include alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. Given this definition, choices A, B, and D are all incorrect. Non-essential amino acids are called so because the liver has the ability to produce them on its own, therefore they are not essential to the diet. However, they still play important roles in protein synthesis and other metabolic processes.

Question 8

Research supports the idea that vegetarians may actually be healthier than meat eaters.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that vegetarians tend to have lower rates of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer compared to meat eaters. Vegetarian diets are typically high in fiber, antioxidants, and other nutrients that are beneficial for health. Studies have found that vegetarians generally have lower rates of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer compared to meat eaters. However, it is important for vegetarians to ensure they are getting enough protein, iron, and other essential nutrients through a balanced diet.

Question 9

many essential amino acids are required by the adult?&#10;A)9&#10;B)16&#10;C)10&#10;D)22

Accepted Answer

The human body requires 9 essential amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet. The other choices are not correct - 16 is not the correct number of essential amino acids, 10 is too low, and 22 includes non-essential amino acids. The adult body requires 9 essential amino acids for proper functioning. These essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.

Question 10

example of a conditionally essential amino acid is:&#10;A)valine.&#10;B)leucine.&#10;C)lysine.&#10;D)tyrosine.

Accepted Answer

Tyrosine is considered a conditionally essential amino acid because it can be produced from the essential amino acid phenylalanine, but under certain conditions (such as in cases of high stress or illness), the body's ability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine may be impaired, making tyrosine essential in these situations. Tyrosine is a conditionally essential amino acid, meaning it may become essential under specific conditions such as stress or illness when the body is not able to produce enough on its own.

Question 11

a normal, healthy adult consumes twice as much protein as he requires, his nitrogen output will:&#10;A)equal his nitrogen intake.&#10;B)exceed his nitrogen intake.&#10;C)depend on his individual pattern.&#10;D)be less than his nitrogen intake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of a normal, healthy adult consumes twice as...

Question 12

Vegans must carefully combine their plant protein foods in order to obtain the full array of essential amino acids.&#10;Nutrition in Practice - Vegetarian Diets

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vegans must carefully combine their plant protein...

Question 13

Roteins are comprised of chains of:&#10;A)monosaccharides.&#10;B)fatty acids.&#10;C)ketones.&#10;D)amino acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roteins are comprised of chains of:&#10;A)monosaccharides.&#10;B)fatty acids.&#10;C)ketones.&#10;D)amino...

Question 14

The DRI committee that reviewed the safety of amino acid supplements was unable to set Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for safe supplement use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The DRI committee that reviewed the safety...

Question 15

the shape of a protein is changed, the _____ of the protein is changed.&#10;A)function&#10;B)size&#10;C)electrical charge&#10;D)nutritional value

Accepted Answer

The answer of the shape of a protein is changed,...

Question 16

Rotein is:&#10;A)unique in that it is the only dietary component that contains oxygen.&#10;B)important primarily because it builds strong bones and teeth.&#10;C)made up of 20 different amino acids.&#10;D)made up of branches of amino acids combined with branches of glucose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rotein is:&#10;A)unique in that it is the...

Question 17

Not all amino acids have to be supplied by food.This is true because:&#10;A)not all necessary amino acids are found in food.&#10;B)hormones furnish the missing amino acids.&#10;C)the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others.&#10;D)the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from fatty acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Not all amino acids have to be...

Question 18

Individuals likely to be in negative nitrogen balance include all of the following except:&#10;A)people who have burns.&#10;B)individuals who are starving.&#10;C)individuals who are pregnant.&#10;D)people with serious injuries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals likely to be in negative nitrogen...

Question 19

Roteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain:&#10;A)glycerol.&#10;B)carbon.&#10;C)fatty acids.&#10;D)nitrogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roteins differ from the other energy nutrients...

Question 20

Essential amino acids:&#10;A)are found mostly in plant foods.&#10;B)cannot be synthesized by the body.&#10;C)cannot be supplied by the diet.&#10;D)are the best source of energy for the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Essential amino acids:&#10;A)are found mostly in plant...

Question 21

important buffer in the maintenance of the acid-base balance of the blood is:&#10;A)fatty acids.&#10;B)lactic acid.&#10;C)protein.&#10;D)carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of important buffer in the maintenance of the...

Question 22

One of the reasons why acid-base balance is so important in the body is that:&#10;A)highly acidic conditions cause vital proteins to denature.&#10;B)highly acidic conditions cause the destruction of certain fatty acids.&#10;C)acid-base imbalances contribute to the destruction of hormones.&#10;D)acid-base imbalances compromise growth in children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the reasons why acid-base balance...

Question 23

is the primary cause of the edema that accompanies kwashiorkor?&#10;A)Proteins and hormones diminish and fluid leaks into interstitial spaces.&#10;B)Lipoprotein synthesis is diminished, causing fat to accumulate.&#10;C)Protein is lost from the heart muscle, resulting in a weak heartbeat.&#10;D)Synthesis of enzymes is reduced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of is the primary cause of the edema...

Question 24

Resistance to disease is dependent largely on the body's:&#10;A)carbohydrates.&#10;B)lipids.&#10;C)proteins.&#10;D)vitamins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Resistance to disease is dependent largely on...

Question 25

reason why proteins in fluids can help determine the fluids' distribution in living systems is that proteins are:&#10;A)large.&#10;B)resistant to heat.&#10;C)attracted to water.&#10;D)small.

Accepted Answer

The answer of reason why proteins in fluids can help...

Question 26

severe malnutrition of marasmus:&#10;A)results in low resistance to disease.&#10;B)causes increased body temperature.&#10;C)is found only in children.&#10;D)affects physical development but leaves the brain unaffected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of severe malnutrition of marasmus:&#10;A)results in low resistance...

Question 27

accumulation in the liver is a symptom of:&#10;A)kwashiorkor.&#10;B)marasmus.&#10;C)eosinophilia myalgia syndrome.&#10;D)dystentery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of accumulation in the liver is a symptom...

Question 28

Which of the following proteins helps the body maintain its resistance to disease?&#10;A)antibodies&#10;B)collagen&#10;C)hormones&#10;D)hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following proteins helps the...

Question 29

order to estimate a person's protein requirements, you must know her or his:&#10;A)age.&#10;B)height.&#10;C)weight.&#10;D)gender.

Accepted Answer

The answer of order to estimate a person's protein requirements,...

Question 30

antibody is a type of protein that:&#10;A)regulates pH balance in the body.&#10;B)transports lipids throughout the body.&#10;C)protects the body from viruses, bacteria, and other disease agents.&#10;D)regulates fluid balance in the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of antibody is a type of protein that:&#10;A)regulates...

Question 31

protein RDA for adults is _____ grams per kilogram of body weight.&#10;A)0.4&#10;B)0.5&#10;C)0.8&#10;D)1.0

Accepted Answer

The answer of protein RDA for adults is _____ grams...

Question 32

Marasmus may best be described as a nutritional deficiency disease caused by:&#10;A)a chronic, severe deprivation of food.&#10;B)deficiency of energy.&#10;C)a chronic, severe deprivation of protein.&#10;D)deficiency of protein and vitamins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marasmus may best be described as a...

Question 33

Risks associated with the overconsumption of protein include all of the following except:&#10;A)an increased risk of heart disease.&#10;B)the worsening of existing kidney disease.&#10;C)inadequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.&#10;D)an increased risk of developing liver disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Risks associated with the overconsumption of protein...

Question 34

end products of protein metabolism are excreted by the:&#10;A)stomach.&#10;B)liver.&#10;C)kidneys.&#10;D)gallbladder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of end products of protein metabolism are excreted...

Question 35

Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among:&#10;A)older adults.&#10;B)newborns.&#10;C)newly weaned children.&#10;D)adolescents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among:&#10;A)older adults.&#10;B)newborns.&#10;C)newly weaned...

Question 36

Amino acids are a secondary source of energy.Their primary function is to:&#10;A)build proteins needed by the body.&#10;B)provide essential water-soluble vitamins.&#10;C)produce thyroxin and insulin.&#10;D)supply most of the kcalories in the average U.S.diet.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amino acids are a secondary source of...

Question 37

body uses amino acids extensively for energy when:&#10;A)protein stores run low.&#10;B)there is inadequate glucose or fatty acids.&#10;C)an athlete performs strength training exercises.&#10;D)the body becomes dehydrated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of body uses amino acids extensively for energy...

Question 38

Which of the following statements is not true of enzymes?&#10;A)They are essential to all life processes.&#10;B)They are all proteins.&#10;C)They are involved in synthesis reactions only.&#10;D)They are all catalysts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is not...

Question 39

The child with marasmus differs from the child with kwashiorkor in that the:&#10;A)marasmic child has a skin rash.&#10;B)marasmic child experiences edema.&#10;C)marasmic child is young enough to suffer brain impairment.&#10;D)marasmic child develops a fatty liver.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The child with marasmus differs from the...

Question 40

glucose is unavailable, the functioning of which two parts of the body becomes compromised?&#10;A)lungs and circulatory system&#10;B)kidneys and liver&#10;C)brain and nervous system&#10;D)bones and muscles

Accepted Answer

The answer of glucose is unavailable, the functioning of which...

Question 41

best choice for a dessert that will provide high-quality protein is:&#10;A)milk pudding.&#10;B)fruit gelatin.&#10;C)sherbet.&#10;D)egg custard.

Accepted Answer

The answer of best choice for a dessert that will...

Question 42

of the following provides about seven grams of protein except:&#10;A)&#189; cup of legumes.&#10;B)1 ounce chicken.&#10;C)1 egg.&#10;D)1 slice of bread.

Accepted Answer

The answer of of the following provides about seven grams...

Question 43

of the following are considered to be high-quality proteins except:&#10;A)fish.&#10;B)eggs.&#10;C)milk.&#10;D)gelatin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of of the following are considered to be...

Question 44

Complementary proteins:&#10;A)enhance the taste of food.&#10;B)increase the quality of the protein.&#10;C)combine proteins from different foods to provide all essential amino acids.&#10;D)decrease the loss of nitrogen from the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complementary proteins:&#10;A)enhance the taste of food.&#10;B)increase the...

Question 45

measure of the amount of amino acids absorbed from a given protein intake is called:&#10;A)protein quality.&#10;B)net protein utilization.&#10;C)protein digestibility.&#10;D)protein efficiency ratio.

Accepted Answer

The answer of measure of the amount of amino acids...

Question 46

RDA for protein for a 121-pound woman is _____ grams per day.&#10;A)44&#10;B)60&#10;C)75&#10;D)100

Accepted Answer

The answer of RDA for protein for a 121-pound woman...

Question 47

recommended intake of protein is _____ of daily energy intake.&#10;A)15-20%&#10;B)10-20%&#10;C)15-35%&#10;D)10-35%

Accepted Answer

The answer of recommended intake of protein is _____ of...

Question 48

25-year-old man weighs 154 pounds and consumes 2,700 kcalories with 45 grams of protein a day.If two-thirds of the protein comes from animal sources, it may be concluded that he:&#10;A)ingested his recommended allowance of protein.&#10;B)needs 8 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance.&#10;C)needs 11 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance.&#10;D)has exceeded his recommended allowance of protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 25-year-old man weighs 154 pounds and consumes...

Question 49

Which of the following provides the largest amount of protein?&#10;A)&#189; cup cooked broccoli&#10;B)2 tablespoons peanut butter&#10;C)1 cup milk&#10;D)1 cup tofu

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following provides the largest...

Question 50

happens when the diet is lacking an essential amino acid?&#10;A)Proteins will be made but they will be limited in that particular amino acid.&#10;B)The body will synthesize it.&#10;C)A person's health will not be affected as long as carbohydrate and fat intakes are adequate.&#10;D)Protein synthesis will be limited.

Accepted Answer

The answer of happens when the diet is lacking an...

Question 51

essential amino acid found in the shortest supply relative to the amounts needed for protein synthesis in the body is termed a(n) _____ amino acid.&#10;A)indigestible&#10;B)non-essential&#10;C)reduced&#10;D)limiting

Accepted Answer

The answer of essential amino acid found in the shortest...

Question 52

setting the RDA for protein, the committee assumed that:&#10;A)protein will be of low quality.&#10;B)protein will be consumed together with adequate energy and other nutrients.&#10;C)other nutrients in the diet will be inadequate.&#10;D)the RDA will be applied to individuals with unusual metabolic needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of setting the RDA for protein, the committee...

Question 53

protein requirement of a child as compared to an adult is:&#10;A)approximately the same.&#10;B)higher.&#10;C)much lower.&#10;D)dependent on the activity level of the child.

Accepted Answer

The answer of protein requirement of a child as compared...

Question 54

Which of the following foods contains low-quality protein?&#10;A)corn&#10;B)soy&#10;C)legumes&#10;D)beef

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following foods contains low-quality...

Question 55

plant food with the highest protein digestibility is:&#10;A)corn.&#10;B)sweet potato.&#10;C)asparagus.&#10;D)soybeans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of plant food with the highest protein digestibility...

Question 56

many grams of protein are in a 6-ounce serving of rib eye steak?&#10;A)18&#10;B)24&#10;C)42&#10;D)48

Accepted Answer

The answer of many grams of protein are in a...

Question 57

What is the best strategy for consuming adequate amino acids?&#10;A)Eat high-quality proteins or foods containing complementary proteins.&#10;B)Avoid protein supplements in favor of single amino acid supplements.&#10;C)Take the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental amino acids.&#10;D)Consume the perfect ratio of carbohydrate to protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the best strategy for consuming...

Question 58

Which of the following provides the highest quality protein?&#10;A)citrus fruits&#10;B)cereal&#10;C)legumes&#10;D)bread

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following provides the highest...

Question 59

Which of the following food groups in the USDA Food Guide contains only tiny amounts of protein?&#10;A)fruit&#10;B)vegetables&#10;C)grains&#10;D)milk

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following food groups in...

Question 60

consumes approximately 1800 kcalories per day.If she wants to consume 15% of her kcalories from protein, how many grams of protein would she need each day?&#10;A)28&#10;B)48&#10;C)58&#10;D)68

Accepted Answer

The answer of consumes approximately 1800 kcalories per day.If she...

Question 61

Someone who excludes meat from their diet but occasionally consumes poultry, fish, and shellfish is called a:&#10;A)lacto-ovo vegetarian.&#10;B)partial vegetarian.&#10;C)ovo-vegetarian.&#10;D)temporary vegetarian.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who excludes meat from their diet...

Question 62

All of the following foods will provide essential fatty acids to a vegan except:&#10;A)kidney beans.&#10;B)flaxseed.&#10;C)soybeans.&#10;D)walnuts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following foods will provide...

Question 63

Structural proteins are found in all of the following except:&#10;A)muscles.&#10;B)blood.&#10;C)hormones.&#10;D)bones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Structural proteins are found in all of...

Question 64

All of the following foods will contribute to the calcium intake of a vegan except:&#10;A)dark, green, leafy vegetables.&#10;B)fortified soy milk.&#10;C)legumes.&#10;D)deep orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following foods will contribute...

Deck 4: Protein