Deck 13: Structures

Question 1

Structure data items or fields are called ____ of the structure.

A) instances
B) members
C) types
D) names

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The real power of structures is realized when the same structure is used for ____.

A) lists of data
B) heterogeneous data
C) strings of data
D) all class members

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Union members are referenced by using the same notation as structure members.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The NULL pointer has no numerical value.

Question 5

Unions can be members of structures or arrays.

Question 6

As with all external and static variables, in the absence of explicit initializers, the numeric elements of static and external arrays or structures are initialized to ____.

A) undefined
B) -2
C) -1
D) 0

Question 7

A C++ structure can also be declared as a(n) ____ with no member functions and all public data members.

A) class
B) string
C) array
D) constant

Question 8

A single ____ is simply a convenient method for combining and storing related items under a common name.

A) array
B) structure
C) string
D) instance variable

Question 9

Declaring an array of structures is different from declaring an array of any other variable type.

Question 10

Declaring a structure requires listing the data ____, data names, and arrangement of data items.

A) objects
B) instances
C) types
D) spaces

Question 11

A C++ class can be declared as a(n) ____ having all private data members and all public member functions.

A) object
B) two-dimensional array
C) array
D) structure

Question 12

An array is a ____ data structure, which means all its components must be of the same data type.

A) hybrid
B) compound
C) homogeneous
D) heterogeneous

Question 13

The steps for returning a structure from a function are identical to the procedures for returning scalar data types.

Question 14

The -> operator is a hyphen followed by a greater-than symbol.

Question 15

For structures, multiple variables can be defined in the same statement.

Question 16

Assigning actual data values to a structure s members is referred to as ____ the structure.

A) defining
B) filling
C) declaring
D) populating

Question 17

By convention, the first letter of a user-selected data type name is lowercase.

Question 18

Copies of all structure members can be passed to a function by including the name of the structure as an argument to the called function.

Question 19

As with all external and static variables, in the absence of explicit initializers, the character elements of static and external arrays or structures are initialized to ____.

A) -1
B) NULL
C) a blank space
D) 0

Question 20

Creating and using a structure involves the same two steps for creating and using any variable.

Question 21

A(n) ____ is a set of structures in which each structure contains at least one member whose value is the address of the next logically ordered structure in the list.

A) array
B) linked list
C) class
D) string

Question 22

A(n) ____ is a data type that reserves the same area in memory for two or more variables that can be different data types.

A) array
B) union
C) class
D) structure

Question 23

Structure ____________________ can be any valid C++ data type.

Question 24

The initialization of structures follows the same rules as for the initialization of ____________________.

Question 25

In the expression ____, the address in pt is incremented before the hours member is accessed.

A) ++pt->hours
B) (++pt) ->hours
C) ++pt->(hours)
D) ++(pt->hours)

Question 26

The statement display(emp.idNum); passes ____ the structure member emp.idNum to a function named display() .

A) the address of
B) a copy of
C) a pointer to
D) the name of

Question 27

The ____ operator reserves the number of bytes required by the requested data type.

A) delete
B) free
C) allocnew
D) new

Question 28

The expression ____ uses the postfix increment operator to increment the address in pt after the hours member is accessed.

A) (pt->hours) ++
B) pt->hours++
C) (pt++) ->hours
D) pt++->hours

Question 29

A structure is a(n) ____________________ data structure, which means that each of its components can be of different data types.

Question 30

The general expression (*pointer).member can always be replaced with the notation ____.

A) *pointer.member
B) *pointer-member
C) *(pointer.member)
D) pointer->member

Question 31

When working with linked lists, records are linked together by including the ____ of the next record in the record immediately preceding it.

A) address
B) name
C) id
D) object sequence number

Question 32

Each structure member is accessed by giving both the ____________________ name and the data item name.

Question 33

Assuming Employee is an already declared structure, the function definition calcNet(Employee *pt) declares the pt parameter as a(n) ____ to a structure of type Employee .

A) pointer
B) class
C) object
D) instance

Question 34

The only argument delete requires is the ____ of a storage block that was allocated dynamically.

A) name
B) data type
C) starting address
D) number of bytes

Question 35

The NULL pointer value, like its end-of-string counterpart, has a numerical value of ____.

A) -2
B) 0
C) 13
D) 32

Question 36

The ____ manipulator included in the cout stream forces each name to be displayed left justified in its designated field width.

A) setiosflags(ios::justified)
B) setiosflags(justified::left)
C) setiosflags(ios::left)
D) setiosflags(ios::right)

Question 37

Both arrays and structures are ____________________ data types.

Question 38

C++ provides a special pointer value called ____ that acts as a sentinel or flag to indicate when the last record on a linked list has been processed.

A) EMPTY
B) LAST
C) NULL
D) ZERO

Question 39

The ____ operator restores a block of storage to the computer at runtime.

A) delete
B) malloc
C) new
D) alloc

Question 40

The definition of a union has the same form as a structure definition, with the keyword(s) ____ used in place of the keyword struct .

A) using union
B) struct_union
C) union_struct
D) union

Question 41

The member operator, . , has a(n) ____________________ precedence compared to the indirection operator * .

Question 42

An alternative to the pass-by-value function call, in which the called function receives a copy of a structure, is a pass by reference that passes a(n) ____________________ to a structure.

Question 43

When working with a linked list, besides an end-of-list sentinel value, a special pointer must be provided for storing the address of the ____________________ structure in the list.

Question 44

Adding a structure to an array of structures requires shifting all ____________________ below the addition down to make room for the new entry.

Question 45

Structure members can be passed to a function in the same manner as any ____________________ variable.

Question 46

Structures, arrays, and ____________________ can be members of unions.

Question 47

The -> operator has a(n) ____________________ priority compared to the increment operator.

Question 48

In practice, most structure handling functions get direct access to a structure by receiving a structure reference or ____________________.

Question 49

Any address that the new operator returns can be passed subsequently to ____________________ to restore the reserved memory to the computer.

Question 50

A(n) ____________________ list provides a convenient method for maintaining a constantly changing list, without needing to reorder and restructure the entire list.