Deck 9: Global Stratification

Question 1

When we look at infant and child health from a global perspective, we find that child death rates:

A) are highest in the southern United States.
B) are not as alarming as UNICEF maintains.
C) are highest in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
D) have dropped dramatically in Africa.
E) occur only among the working classes.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

This common vitamin crucial in developing resistance to infection and preventing anemia is:

A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) D.
E) E and zinc.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

China is home to _____ of the global elderly population.

A) less than 10%
B) about 75%
C) almost 50%
D) 20%
E) 90%

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Acute respiratory illness is a common cause of child death that:

A) has no known cure.
B) could easily be treated with 25 cents worth of antibiotics.
C) is misdiagnosed by most rural health care workers.
D) is rarely treated because the medications are so extremely expensive.
E) has been eliminated.

Question 5

Which of the following Indian castes is the highest in their stratification system?

A) Vaishyasr
B) Sundras
C) Panchamas
D) Brahmans
E) Kshatriyasr

Question 6

Because of the strong preference for sons over daughters:

A) most nations have far more men than women in their societies.
B) gender-based abortions have taken place in some developing countries.
C) women, on average, have shorter life spans than men in most nations.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 7

High infant mortality rates:

A) promote high fertility.
B) have been continuing to rise in the United States.
C) are rising at about the same rate across the world.
D) have no impact on population growth.
E) none of the above

Question 8

Around the globe, rural lifestyles involving farming and herding:

A) tend to perpetuate high birthrates..
B) enable women to leave their homes for city work.
C) keep all persons at a starvation level of living.
D) help reduce the birthrates as there are not enough jobs for more children.
E) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is the least open and most rigid system of social stratification?

A) caste
B) class
C) estate
D) nobility
E) none of the above

Question 10

Which country raised the legal minimum marriages for both women and men in order to reduce growth in its population?

A) United States
B) China
C) Spain
D) Egypt
E) France

Question 11

In 1980, which of the following countries raised the legal minimum age of marriage for men and women?

A) Afghanistan
B) China
C) United States
D) Argentina
E) Russia

Question 12

What factor(s) contribute to the fact that families with higher incomes have fewer children?

A) Children are not needed as a form of old age security.
B) Children s economic contributions become less important to the family s welfare.
C) Alternative uses of time and the pursuit leisure activities become more attractive.
D) all of the above

Question 13

Most child deaths in developing countries are caused by:

A) measles.
B) pneumonia.
C) diarrhea.
D) infectious diseases.
E) none of the above

Question 14

Which of the following Indian castes is the lowest in their stratification system?

A) Vaishyasr
B) Shudras
C) Panchamas
D) Brahmans
E) Kshatriyasr

Question 15

In the rural Philippines, 75% of the cost of rearing a child comes from:

A) lost wages.
B) housing.
C) goods and services.
D) increased taxes for having more than three children.
E) aunties who are shoestring relatives in matrilineal networks..

Question 16

The estate system:

A) is a relatively open system of opportunities.
B) is a closed system where social position is defined by law.
C) is a system containing no mobility.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 17

People who are born into a caste:

A) spend their entire lives within the caste.
B) are restricted in their choice of occupation.
C) are restricted in their choice for marriage.
D) are restricted in their degree of social participation.
E) all of the above

Question 18

Which portion of the globe has the largest number of AIDS cases?

A) northern Europe
B) southeast Asia
C) western United States
D) sub-Saharan Africa
E) central America

Question 19

In developing countries, which is the safest method of feeding infants during their first six months?

A) bottle feeding
B) breast feeding
C) IV feeding
D) There is no different in method of feeding as long as food is provided.
E) none of the above

Question 20

Currently, it is estimated that the world population doubles every _____ years.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 58
E) 75

Question 21

Why are fertility rates lower in urban compared with rural areas?

A) Exposed to new consumer goods, people engage in childbearing to buy new goods.
B) The urban woman marries at least 1.5 years earlier than her rural counterpart.
C) Urban people face higher costs of raising children.
D) There are more free sources of birth control.
E) Fertility rates are not lower in urban areas..

Question 22

Worldwide, the most widely used form of birth control is:

A) abortion.
B) information.
C) devices.
D) infanticide.
E) abstinence.

Question 23

In the United States, what accounts for high population growth in the sunbelt states?

A) immigration
B) internal migration
C) aging population
D) tourism
E) baby boomers

Question 24

The world s population is doubling about every:

A) 22 years.
B) 58 years.
C) 65 years.
D) 121 years.
E) 150 years.

Question 25

Marxists argue that it is not the sheer number of people that cause population problems, but:

A) industrialism and capitalism.
B) the invisible hand of corrupt politics.
C) the limits of nature to provide the basis for material reproduction.
D) how much material there is to produce with.
E) corruption within the socialist movement.

Question 26

Each addition of 1 million people to the population requires how much time?

A) a decade
B) a century
C) the same amount of time as the previous 1 million
D) more time than the previous 1 million because there is less space
E) less time than the previous 1 million addition

Question 27

The second demographic transition in Europe is defined by:

A) a new family movement.
B) rising population within the European Union caused by generous state benefits.
C) the integration of markets for selling their products.
D) the decline in fertility to a level well below replacement.
E) the use of technology to improve fecundity.

Question 28

The single greatest cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide is:

A) vitamin A deficiency.
B) iodine deficiency.
C) general semi-starvation conditions.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 29

What is the total fertility rate?

A) average age of women in child bearing years times number of pregnancies
B) fecundity minus mortality in one year
C) the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime
D) the number of live births per 10,000 people in the population
E) the number of live births per 1,000 people in the population

Question 30

Which of the following are positive checks in Malthusian theory?

A) contraception, celibacy, and delay of marriage
B) laws and regulations increasing taxes on families
C) low income
D) deaths of individuals before they reach reproductive age
E) wars and epidemics

Question 31

Which theorist believed that human populations would outgrow the food supply and enter into a struggle for existence?

A) Karl Marx
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Thomas Malthus
D) Dion Boucicault
E) Adam Smith

Question 32

Which of the following is true with respect to how women s education affects fertility?

A) In most countries, children have a greater effect on women s lives than men s.
B) More educated women have more opportunities, which may cause conflict with having children.
C) Education itself delays marriage.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 33

The total fertility rate in the United States is 2.1 births per woman. What does this mean?

A) Many couples are delaying marriage, thus reducing the number of births per couple.
B) The U.S. population would not be growing without immigration.
C) The U.S. population is shrinking.
D) The government will have to employ elderly people to maintain its labor force.
E) The U.S. population will continue to double over the next 50 years.

Question 34

What percent of educated women in developing countries are likely to use contraception?

A) about 12%
B) about 52%
C) about 72%
D) about 92%
E) about 28%

Question 35

Early marriage for girls in developing countries has which negative consequence?

A) It means little or no formal schooling, so women are less educated.
B) It means lower fertility due to the physical stress of sex on a young body.
C) Girls have a higher risk probability of contracting venereal disease.
D) Girls leave their families and are not available to parents for support.
E) There are no negative consequences for girls who marry early.

Question 36

The crude birthrate and crude death rate are measured per what number in population?

A) per 1,000
B) per 10,000
C) per 100,000
D) per 1,000,000
E) per women who give birth in hospitals

Question 37

In less developed countries, the death rate:

A) is taken for granted like a force of nature by the international community.
B) creates opportunities for future economic development.
C) pushes these areas into bankruptcy.
D) declines without a comparable rate of increase in economic development.

Question 38

Which of the following are preventative checks in Malthusian theory?

A) contraception, celibacy, and the delay of marriage
B) laws and regulations increasing taxes on families
C) low income
D) deaths of individuals before they reach reproductive age
E) wars and epidemics

Question 39

Global aging has an impact on:

A) economic growth.
B) the transfer of wealth from one generation to the next.
C) labor markets.
D) investments.
E) all of the above

Question 40

What is the dependency ratio?

A) the debt load of a developing country in relationship to a global lender
B) the number of people of nonworking age for every 100 people of working age
C) the number of people of nonworking age for every 1000 people of working age
D) the number of people of working age for every child under 10 years old
E) the number of children living in households per 1000 people in the population

Question 41

Across the globe, the strong preference for a son is limited to the less-developed countries.

Question 42

Unlike in the United States, across the globe, parents speak of desiring a second child as a companion for their first child.

Question 43

Today, 80% of the world s population does not have access to any health care.

Question 44

Health advances in some countries have reached the point at which it appears that the population is approaching the upper limit of average life expectancy.

Question 45

Ultrasound technology has had a negative effect on the survival of female fetuses in China.

Question 46

Children s chances of survival improve with the level of their mother s education

Question 47

Across the world, first children are seen as important to cement the marriage and bring spouses closer together.

Question 48

During the Middle Ages, merchants were not actually a formally recognized estate.

Question 49

People who are born into a caste spend their lives within that caste.

Question 50

Population aging has been a bigger issue in industrialized European nations than the developing world.

Question 51

By the year 2050, the world s elderly population will exceed the number of young persons for the first time in human history.

Question 52

The caste system is currently legal in India.

Question 53

The U.S. Census Bureau projects that early in the next century, crude death rates will equal crude birthrates for the world s more developed countries.

Question 54

Age at marriage seems to have no connection with fertility rates across the globe.

Question 55

Malaria has reemerged as a major cause of child deaths.

Question 56

Rural lifestyles that involve farming and herding tend to perpetuate low birthrates.

Question 57

In underdeveloped countries, the benefits for an individual family of having children have generally been greater than the costs.

Question 58

Throughout the world, girls have better survival rates than boys.

Question 59

Caste today remains one of the strongest legal bases for discrimination in India.

Question 60

Malthus failed to predict the effects of birth control because he advocated celibacy instead.

Question 61

The second demographic transition involves lowering mortality due to infectious disease.

Question 62

The Indian government has a reservations system for the inclusion of lower castes in areas such as education and government, similar to Affirmative Action in the United States.

Question 63

Muslim and Catholic countries alike have supported the necessity of contraceptives to control the growth of populations.

Question 64

High infant mortality rates promote high fertility.

Question 65

Nearly 60% of persons in developing countries lack basic sanitation.

Question 66

Internal migration is when people move within a global region to avoid disease or bad environmental conditions.

Question 67

High infant mortality rates have no impact on population growth.

Question 68

The World Health Organization defines health as a state of well-being comparable to that enjoyed by citizens of the most advanced nations of the world.

Question 69

99% of global natural increase in population occurs in the developing world.

Question 70

People who are born into a caste experience their greatest freedom in the form of social participation.

Question 71

Marxists believe that government policies concerning population growth are related to the need for labor.

Question 72

People who are born into a caste socially and culturally tend to limit their choice of occupation.

Question 73

The preference for sons may cause fertility rates to level off above replacement levels in developing countries.

Question 74

Replacement rate or replacing one couple with two children is at the center of the second demographic transition theory.

Question 75

People who are born into a caste were historically restricted in their choice of marriage.

Question 76

Growth in older populations is a result of major achievements in health care, nutrition, and education.

Question 77

Iodine deficiency is the world s single greatest cause of preventable mental retardation.

Question 78

Child mortality has not fallen worldwide since the 1990s.

Question 79

The limits on the Dalit untouchable caste in India have been illegal since 1949.

Question 80

Most poor people in the world do not have adequate access to foods containing significant amounts of vitamin A.