Deck 5: Understanding Social Interaction

Question 1

Sociologists describe the process of two or more people taking each other s actions into account as:

A) verstehen.
B) social interaction.
C) social organization.
D) social action.
E) social discourse.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Two large companies compete for the same scarce resource. Each one tries to injure or sabotage the other. This interaction is called:

A) exchange.
B) economic cooperation.
C) coercion.
D) conflict.
E) social cooperation.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

For ethnomethodoloists, all social interactions are equally important because they provide information about:

A) a person s beliefs.
B) written rules of society.
C) the law.
D) a society s unwritten rules for social behavior.
E) religion in society.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Norms:

A) are specific rules of behavior.
B) prescribe limits of acceptable behavior.
C) are agreed-upon rules of behavior.
D) are shared rules of behavior.
E) all of the above

Question 5

The main difference between exchange and cooperation is that:

A) cooperation is based on a shared goal.
B) relationships of exchange are voluntary.
C) cooperation has no material rewards.
D) exchange provides benefits for individuals only.
E) exchange provides benefits for the total group rather than the individual alone.

Question 6

Norms tell us:

A) things that we should and should not do.
B) things that are sacrilegious.
C) things that we must do.
D) thins that we must not do.
E) the prescribed punishments for norm violations.

Question 7

The relationship between roles and statuses is that:

A) a status may include a number of roles.
B) a role may include many statuses.
C) not all statuses have roles attached.
D) statuses are dynamic while roles are not.

Question 8

A form of conflict in which individuals or groups confine their conflict within agreed-upon rules is known as:

A) exchange.
B) competition.
C) cooperation.
D) conflict.
E) exploitation.

Question 9

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

A) female
B) parent
C) employee
D) lawyer
E) ex-convict

Question 10

The essential difference between conflict and competition is that:

A) competition is regulated by agreed-upon rules.
B) conflict has negative effects on individuals.
C) no one benefits in conflict.
D) competition results in change.
E) conflict always results in one party losing.

Question 11

Non-verbal communication:

A) is instinctual.
B) is basically the same in every culture.
C) varies from culture to culture.
D) is used only when words may be misunderstood.
E) cannot be understood without special training.

Question 12

In order to understand other people, you have to walk in their shoes. This approach reflects Max Weber s notion of:

A) verstehen .
B) gemeinschaft .
C) nonverbal communication.
D) focused interaction.
E) gesellschaft .

Question 13

All the roles attached to a single status are collectively known as:

A) one role.
B) multiple roles.
C) several statuses.
D) a master status.
E) a role set.

Question 14

Staring, smiling, nodding one s head, and using hands while talking are all examples of:

A) nonverbal communication.
B) cooperation.
C) verstehen .
D) instinctual communication.
E) innate human reflexes.

Question 15

Culturally defined rules for proper behavior that are associated with various statuses are called:

A) an achieved status.
B) roles.
C) an ascribed status.
D) a master status.
E) a status offense.

Question 16

The status that seems to dominate others in patterning a person s life is known as the:

A) secondary status.
B) master status.
C) most status.
D) political status.
E) new status.

Question 17

In sociological terms, the context of a social interaction includes:

A) the social environment.
B) activities surrounding the interaction.
C) the physical setting in which it occurs.
D) what precedes the interaction.
E) all of the above

Question 18

______________ theorizes that in order to create an impression, people play roles and their performance is judged by others who are alert to any slips that might reveal the actor s true character.

A) Nonverbal communication
B) Ethnomethodology
C) Dramaturgy
D) Cooperation
E) Character exchange

Question 19

A _____ occurs when people act together to promote common interests or achieve shared goals.

A) exchange interaction
B) cooperative interaction
C) conflict interaction
D) competitive interaction
E) hostile interaction

Question 20

The study of the sets of rules or guidelines that individuals use to imitate behavior, respond to behavior, and modify behavior in social settings is known as:

A) cooperation.
B) exchange.
C) ethnomethodology.
D) dramaturgy.
E) role set.

Question 21

Most Americans distinguish among intimate, personal, social, and public distance.

Question 22

In Maria s social life, she is part of a legal, immigrant family living together, but she just came out of the closet as a lesbian which caused so much stress and conflict at home and school that no one is talking to her in the same way. The status of lesbian is:

A) shaped by fashion.
B) culturally not organized for the family to comprehend.
C) a form of political rebellion in action.
D) a master status.

Question 23

A person s master status is likely to change only once during their lifetime.

Question 24

Physical distant and eye contact are less important than basic language skills in social interaction.

Question 25

The DMV clerk passed a civil service examination and a vocational placement test and was eligible to be bonded. Which of the following describes his social status?

A) master status
B) ascribed status
C) achieved status
D) lower status

Question 26

Socially defined positions that people occupy are known as:

A) roles.
B) statuses.
C) a society.
D) exchanges.
E) conflicts.

Question 27

Whether we intend it or not, other people take account of our behavior.

Question 28

___________ is anything people are conscious of doing because of other people.

A) Social interaction
B) Social action
C) Social interaction
D) Social restraint
E) Conflict

Question 29

The girls started cleaning out their closets and laughed at the hair styles and sweaters they wore ten years ago. This shows us that transitory changes in clothing are just:

A) fashion.
B) fads.
C) hysterical.
D) social bonding.

Question 30

Role strain involves facing conflicting but manageable role demands within one status.

Question 31

Roles may be thought of as collections of rights and obligations.

Question 32

Norms guide us in how we present ourselves to others.

Question 33

A social status that is occupied as a result of an individual s actions and efforts is known as:

A) achieved status.
B) roles.
C) ascribed status.
D) master status.
E) status offense.

Question 34

A social status that is conferred on us by virtue of birth or other significant factors not controlled by our own actions or decisions is known as:

A) achieved status.
B) roles.
C) ascribed status.
D) master status.
E) status offense.

Question 35

You see a photograph of a young male holding a handgun. What do you need to make sense out of this photograph?

A) a universal definition of what a gun means
B) the context of the person in the photograph
C) if the ascribed status male holds the achieved status of gangster
D) the normative status order among males in a society

Question 36

Dr. O urges everyone to exercise without creating excessive strain on their joints and to improve the nutritional content of their diets. Thousands of people watch Dr. O and do things he recommends. Dr. O is a(n):

A) opinion leader.
B) manipulator.
C) mass media socializer.
D) fad.

Question 37

The 99% demonstration turns violent as rumors spread that the police hit a demonstrator with a tear gas canister. This is an example of:

A) unattributed behavior.
B) revolution.
C) resistance to normative constraints.
D) collective behavior.

Question 38

The status of mayor is dependent on who occupies that position.

Question 39

Race is an achieved status in our society.

Question 40

Open competition has less rules than predictable conflicts.

Question 41

Ethnomethodology can involve researchers in challenging or breaking taken-for-granted rules, violating the norms of situations, and observing how people respond.

Question 42

Parent, employee, lawyer, and ex-convict are all examples of ascribed status.

Question 43

Ethnomethodology studies comparative cultural belief systems to understand how beliefs shaped social organization in different parts of the globe..

Question 44

Statuses are socially defined positions that people occupy in a group or society that help determine how they interact with one another.

Question 45

The main difference between exchange and cooperation is that cooperation is based on a shared goal.

Question 46

Statuses exist only because of the specific people who occupy them.

Question 47

Role set is all the roles attached to a single status.

Question 48

As societies become more complex, the number of statuses people occupy tends to increase.

Question 49

People can only occupy one social status at a time.

Question 50

The relationship between roles and statuses is that not all statuses have roles attached.

Question 51

Social roles are culturally defined rules for proper behavior that are associated with various statuses.

Question 52

Making direct eye contact in a conversation is one of the universals of social interaction.

Question 53

People come together in the context of specific environments, with specific purposes and with specific social characteristics.

Question 54

Police chief Smith had to direct police and services as the hurricane struck. His wife called to demand he return home to help her rescue their dog, a beloved member of their household. Smith is experiencing role conflict.

Question 55

Not only can the norms for behavior differ considerably from one culture to another, they also differ within our own society.

Question 56

The essential difference between conflict and competition is that conflict always results in one party losing.

Question 57

Scientists discovered that social interaction via the Internet reproduces the same distance and space rules as interactions in person.

Question 58

Statuses and roles are insignificant social characteristics.

Question 59

A form of conflict in which individuals or groups confine their conflict within agreed-upon rules is called exploitation.

Question 60

Social roles carry actions and emotions as well as the attitudes associated with them.

Question 61

A public opinion maker has less influence than a riot.

Question 62

Define and discuss exchange, cooperation, conflict, and competition as types of social interaction. Provide examples of each.

Question 63

For ethnomethodoloists, all social interactions are equally important because they provide information about a society s unwritten rules for social behavior.

Question 64

A cooperative interaction occurs when people enter into a conflict interaction with rules that guide how they can interact with each other.

Question 65

For five positions, draw a satellite diagram of a status you hold with its role set. Can you identify the master statuses? Achieved and ascribed statuses? How do you perform all of these roles successfully? Do you experience role conflict or role strain? Why?

Question 66

When the crowd saw the gunman they started running from the perceived threat. This is called mass hysteria.

Question 67

Outline and discuss Erving Goffman s concept of dramaturgy and apply it to one of the settings in which you hold a position and play roles. How do you make yourself convincing in your performance?

Question 68

Outline and discuss Harold Garfinkel s concept of ethnomethodology. Provide examples.

Question 69

Statuses and roles help to define our social interactions and provide predictability.

Question 70

Hard-to-believe rumors usually disappear quickly and have little influence.

Question 71

A role is basically a collection of the meanings behind objects of material culture.

Question 72

Explain how ascribed status can shape or influence achieved status. Provide examples of each in relationship to specific contexts.

Question 73

The political ad portraying the mayor as hostile to public school teachers almost cost him the election. This is called mass hysteria.