Deck 7: Circulation: the Heart and Blood Vessels

Question 1

The amount of blood each ventricle pumps in a minute is the

A) cardiac output.
B) cardiac cycle.
C) cardiac volume.
D) cardiac tamponade.
E) cardiac measure.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The bicuspid (mitral) valve is located between the

A) left and right atria.
B) right atrium and right ventricle.
C) left and right ventricles.
D) left atrium and left ventricle.
E) left ventricle and the aorta.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The coronary vessels

A) supply and drain the heart muscle.
B) bypass the heart ventricles.
C) send blood directly to the lungs.
D) are not really necessary because the heart can get its blood supply from the "inside."
E) lead directly from the atria to the ventricles.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The cardiac muscle of the heart is called the

A) pericardium.
B) endocardium.
C) endothelium.
D) chordae tendineae.
E) myocardium.

Question 5

The letters "CPR" stand for

A) cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
B) cardiac pressure regulation.
C) coronary pump resuscitation.
D) cardiovascular prime rhythm.
E) cardiopulmonary regulation.

Question 6

The machine used to "shock" a heart that has stopped beating back to life is called a(n)

A) pacemaker.
B) antiarrhythmia generator.
C) defibrillator.
D) electrocardiogram.
E) electrocardiograph.

Question 7

Which of the following systems is the only one to have direct interactions with the other three?

A) digestive
B) urinary
C) circulatory
D) respiratory
E) reproductive

Question 8

The pulmonary circulation

A) involves the hepatic portal vein.
B) moves oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys.
C) includes the coronary arteries.
D) leads to, through, and from the lungs.
E) leads to, through, and from the heart.

Question 9

In the human systemic circuit, blood will pass through all but which of the following?

A) liver
B) limbs
C) lungs
D) digestive organs
E) brain

Question 10

The receiving zone of a vertebrate heart is

A) a plaque.
B) the aorta.
C) an atrium.
D) a capillary bed.
E) a valve.

Question 11

Which system picks up excess extracellular fluid and reclaimable solutes and returns them to the cardiovascular system?

A) urinary
B) digestive
C) reproductive
D) venous
E) lymphatic

Question 12

If a physician hears two "lub" sounds instead of one, then which of the following conditions is true?

A) The semilunar valves are not closing simultaneously.
B) The atrial blood is flowing backward and causing the extra sound.
C) The atrioventricular valves are not closing at the same time.
D) The AV and semilunar valves are not closing at the same time.
E) No such double sound has ever been heard.

Question 13

The semilunar valves are located between the

A) left and right atria.
B) left ventricle and left atrium.
C) both ventricles and the arteries that lead away from them.
D) right atrium and right ventricle.
E) left and right ventricles.

Question 14

What is the average cardiac output from each ventricle in one minute?

A) 3 liters
B) 4 liters
C) 5 liters
D) 6 liters
E) 7 liters

Question 15

Many public places are now equipped with AEDs. What does this stand for?

A) automated emergency dialysers
B) automatic electrical defibrillators
C) automatic emergency deionizers
D) automated external defibrillators
E) anatomic electrical demagnetizers

Question 16

What occurs during systole?

A) Oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the lungs.
B) The heart muscle tissues contract.
C) The atrioventricular valves suddenly open.
D) Oxygen-poor blood from all body regions except the lungs flows into the right atrium.
E) The heart muscle tissues relax.

Question 17

Blood in arteries

A) always travels away from the heart.
B) travels away from the heart only if it is oxygen rich.
C) always travels toward the heart.
D) travels from the lungs.
E) is always oxygen rich.

Question 18

The thick wall that separates the heart into a left and right half is the

A) septum.
B) myocardium.
C) pericardium.
D) endocardium.
E) chordae tendinae.

Question 19

Blood moves most slowly through

A) arteries.
B) capillaries.
C) venules.
D) veins.
E) arterioles.

Question 20

The tough, fibrous sac that surrounds, protects and lubricates the heart is the

A) myocardium.
B) epicardium.
C) endocardium.
D) pericardium.
E) trabeculae carnae.

Question 21

The diastolic pressure for a normal young adult would be under

A) 60 mm Hg.
B) 80 mm Hg.
C) 100 mm Hg.
D) 120 mm Hg.
E) 140 mm Hg.

Question 22

Systolic pressure is

A) the lowest blood pressure in the aorta.
B) the pressure measured when the left ventricle is relaxed.
C) the peak pressure in the aorta when the left ventricle contracts.
D) the difference between the highest and lowest pressures.
E) an average of high and low pressures.

Question 23

The heart

A) will contract as a result of stimuli from the sinoatrial node.
B) contracts only as a result of nerve stimulation from the central nervous system.
C) is activated primarily through the autonomic nervous system.
D) pulse is primarily under the control of the atrioventricular node.
E) is completely independent of all nervous control.

Question 24

Blood passing through the capillary beds of the digestive tract pass through which vessel that takes blood to the liver?

A) inferior vena cava
B) abdominal aorta
C) hepatic portal vein
D) hepatic artery
E) hepatic vein

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Arteries carry only oxygenated blood.
B) The systemic circuit leaves the heart from the left ventricle.
C) Blood passes through only one capillary bed on its trip through the systemic circuit.
D) Platelets survive a longer time than erythrocytes.
E) The heart is able to pick up the oxygen it needs as the blood flows through it.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT found in an arteriole?

A) elastic layer
B) basement membrane
C) smooth muscle
D) valve
E) endothelium

Question 27

The nervous system

A) acts only to adjust the contraction of skeletal muscle.
B) initiates the rate and strength of cardiac contraction.
C) can only adjust the rate and strength of cardiac contraction.
D) has no direct control at all over cardiac function.
E) acts only to adjust the contraction of smooth muscle.

Question 28

The aorta leaves the

A) left atrium.
B) right atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right ventricle.
E) the right and left ventricles.

Question 29

The structures that connect neighboring cardiac muscle cells to ensure rapid electrical conduction are

A) desmosomes.
B) intercalated discs.
C) synapses.
D) endothelial cells.
E) smooth muscle cells.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is false?

A) A heart will stop beating when the nerves to the heart are severed.
B) Some cardiac muscle cells are self-excitatory.
C) The pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node.
D) Cardiac muscles join end to end to allow rapid communication.
E) Cardiac muscles contract essentially in unison.

Question 31

Diastolic pressure is

A) the lowest blood pressure in the aorta.
B) the pressure measured when the left ventricle is contracted.
C) the peak pressure in the aorta when the left ventricle contracts.
D) the difference between the highest and lowest pressures.
E) an average of high and low pressures.

Question 32

An artificial pacemaker supplements the actions of

A) sympathetic nerves.
B) the atrioventricular node.
C) the medulla oblongata.
D) the sinoatrial node.
E) the heart muscle itself.

Question 33

Blood from the systemic circuit is first received by the heart in the

A) coronary vein.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) right atrium.
E) left ventricle.

Question 34

Which vein collects blood from the head, arms and chest?

A) inferior vena cava
B) left pulmonary vein
C) right pulmonary vein
D) left pulmonary vein
E) superior vena cava

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?

A) smoking
B) obesity
C) chronic stress
D) a diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy products
E) excessive salt intake

Question 36

Heart excitation originates in the

A) atrioventricular node.
B) intercalated disk.
C) sinoatrial node.
D) pericardium.
E) endocardium.

Question 37

Blood pressure is measured in

A) millimeters of mercury.
B) inches of mercury.
C) millimeters of water.
D) inches of water.
E) grams per square inch.

Question 38

The pulmonary artery carries blood away from the

A) aorta.
B) right atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left atrium.
E) left ventricle.

Question 39

The systolic pressure for a normal young adult would be under

A) 60 mm Hg.
B) 80 mm Hg.
C) 100 mm Hg.
D) 120 mm Hg.
E) 140 mm Hg.

Question 40

Which of the following has the highest blood pressure?

A) right ventricle
B) right atrium
C) aorta
D) left atrium
E) pulmonary circulation

Question 41

Baroreceptors are located in the

A) coronary arteries.
B) cardiac veins.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) carotid arteries.
E) pulmonary veins.

Question 42

Which of the following controls the distribution of blood?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins

Question 43

Which of the following vessels offers more resistance to blood flow than the others?

A) arterioles
B) venules
C) arteries
D) veins
E) other capillaries

Question 44

A major risk factor in developing cardiovascular disease is

A) obesity.
B) smoking.
C) hypertension.
D) lack of exercise.
E) all of these

Question 45

Which blood vessel is next to living cells in nearly all body tissues?

A) venules
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) veins
E) arteries

Question 46

Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the circulatory system and tissues occurs at the

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) venules.
D) arterioles.
E) capillaries.

Question 47

Due to changes in their musculature, which vessels can vary the resistance to blood flow?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) venules.

Question 48

Baroreceptors are used for regulation of

A) blood cell production.
B) blood pressure.
C) coronary artery flow.
D) blood flow to the digestive tract.
E) blood flow to the kidneys.

Question 49

Which of the following are highly distensible reservoirs for blood volume?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins

Question 50

Slits between the cells of capillary walls serve to

A) allow passage of substances that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer of capillary wall cells.
B) allow expansion of the capillary diameter.
C) allow contraction of the capillary diameter.
D) allow lengthening of the capillary.
E) shortening of the capillary.

Question 51

Because of their great elasticity, which of the following can function as blood volume reservoirs during times of low metabolic output?

A) veins and venules
B) arteries
C) arterioles
D) capillaries
E) metarterioles

Question 52

What factor has been implicated as a trigger for the formation of artery-blocking plaques?

A) allergies
B) inflammation
C) hypertension
D) blood clots
E) low blood fats

Question 53

Which characteristic of capillaries aids in the process of diffusion?

A) slow blood flow
B) one cell thick walls
C) rapid blood flow
D) both slow blood flow and one cell thick walls
E) both one cell thick walls and rapid blood flow

Question 54

Which of the following are pressure reservoirs with low resistance to flow?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins

Question 55

In its travel through the human body, blood usually continues on from capillaries to enter

A) arterioles.
B) venules.
C) arteries.
D) veins.
E) other capillaries.

Question 56

By controlling their musculature, which of the following can vary the resistance to blood flow?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) venules

Question 57

The capillary wall consists of

A) a thin muscular layer and two layers of endothelial cells.
B) a single layer of flat endothelium.
C) a layer of endothelium, a layer of muscle and a layer of epithelium.
D) five layers of endothelium.
E) three endothelial layers and one layer of muscle.

Question 58

The greatest volume of blood is found in the

A) aorta and arteries.
B) capillaries.
C) veins.
D) lungs.
E) heart.

Question 59

At the arteriole end of the capillary, precapillary sphincters

A) force blood back into arteries.
B) control blood flow into capillaries.
C) control blood flow into venules.
D) connect arterioles to venules.
E) force blood back into veins.

Question 60

The greatest drop in blood pressure occurs in the

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.

Question 61

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are related by the "type" of blood they carry. Select the exception.

A) pulmonary artery
B) aorta
C) hepatic portal vein
D) inferior vena cava
E) jugular vein

Question 62

Which bacteria cause Lyme disease?

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Escherichia coli
D) Borrellia burgdorferi
E) Bordetella recurrentis

Question 63

A faster than normal heart rate is called

A) tachycardia.
B) bradycardia.
C) hypocardia.
D) hypercardia.
E) bradykinin.

Question 64

Which amino acid has been implicated in the formation of artery-blocking plaques?

A) isoleucine
B) threonine
C) homocysteine
D) valine
E) phenylalanine

Question 65

A pouchlike weak spot in an artery is known as a(n)

A) aneurysm.
B) varicosity.
C) plaque.
D) herniation.
E) hemangioma.

Question 66

High density lipoproteins

A) carry cholesterol to the liver.
B) line the artery walls.
C) are used for nutrition.
D) lower blood pressure.
E) carry cholesterol and other fats to body cells.

Question 67

A slower than normal heart rate is called

A) tachycardia.
B) bradycardia.
C) hypocardia.
D) hypercardia.
E) hypothermia.

Question 68

The blood works with the muscular system by

A) destroying toxins.
B) sensing movement.
C) carrying heat produced by muscles.
D) controlling blood pressure.
E) carrying nutrients.

Question 69

Which structure of the heart is attacked by the immune system in a case of rheumatic fever?

A) aorta
B) vena cava
C) myocardium
D) heart valves
E) sinoatrial node

Question 70

Low density lipoproteins

A) carry cholesterol to the liver.
B) line the artery walls.
C) are used for nutrition.
D) lower blood pressure.
E) carry cholesterol and other fats to body cells.

Question 71

The most costly health problem in the United States is

A) phlebitis.
B) hypertension.
C) heart failure.
D) atherosclerosis.
E) a stroke.

Question 72

Following balloon angioplasty, a small wire cylinder known as a ____ may be inserted to keep the artery open.

A) shunt
B) shaft
C) stent
D) pipette
E) bushing

Question 73

Rheumatic fever is caused by infections from which genus of bacteria?

A) Streptococcus
B) Staphylococcus
C) Escherichia
D) Micrococcus
E) Mycobacterium

Question 74

The most dangerous arrhythmia is

A) ventricular tachycardia.
B) ventricular bradycardia.
C) ventricular flutter.
D) atrial fibrillation.
E) ventricular fibrillation.

Question 75

An early sign of plaque formation in coronary arteries is

A) a heart attack.
B) hypertension.
C) hypotension.
D) angina pectoris.
E) rapid heart beat.

Question 76

The heart damage associated with Lyme disease is

A) rheumatic fever
B) hypertension
C) endocarditis
D) myocarditis
E) malignant melanoma

Question 77

The blood works with the urinary system by

A) carrying wastes for removal.
B) carrying nutrients.
C) carrying heat produced by muscles.
D) carrying carbon dioxide waste.
E) carrying hormones.

Question 78

Warning signs of a heart attack do NOT include

A) pain behind the breastbone.
B) pain radiating down the left arm.
C) sweating.
D) nausea.
E) pain radiating down right leg.

Question 79

"Plaque-busting" drugs are called

A) antibiotics.
B) antihelminthics.
C) statins.
D) antineoplastics.
E) antihypertensives.

Question 80

Which disease may develop when microbes enter the blood stream directly via IV drug use or dental work?

A) rheumatic fever
B) hypertension
C) endocarditis
D) myocarditis
E) malignant melanoma