Deck 6: The Muscular System

Question 1

The biceps muscle extends from the shoulder to the lower arm and raises the lower arm. The ____ is on the lower arm.

A) origin
B) elevator
C) fulcrum
D) insertion
E) flexor

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The human biceps and triceps muscles may be described best as working

A) independently.
B) synergistically.
C) antagonistically.
D) synchronistically.
E) involuntarily.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Smooth muscle is

A) involuntary and nonstriated.
B) responsible for movement of the skeleton.
C) involved in contraction of the heart.
D) connected to bones by tendons.
E) involuntary, nonstriated, and involved in contraction of the heart.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Smooth muscle is found in

A) arms and legs.
B) the walls of hollow organs and tubes.
C) the heart.
D) the brain.
E) appendages only.

Question 5

Reciprocal innervation of reflexes between antagonistic muscle pairs

A) is the usual basis of coordinated contractions.
B) is the means by which rods prevent cones from being stimulated.
C) refers to the lens adjustments that bring about precise focusing onto the retina.
D) explains the mechanism for the operation of the calcium pump.
E) is a protective function only.

Question 6

Tissue-building steroids are known as

A) catabolic.
B) metabolic.
C) anabolic.
D) actinic.
E) nicotinic.

Question 7

Red muscles are designed to contract

A) quickly.
B) quickly and for short periods.
C) slowly.
D) slowly for short periods.
E) slowly for long periods.

Question 8

Synergist muscles are used to

A) support and stabilize other muscles.
B) antagonize muscle groups.
C) replace damaged muscles.
D) move body parts.
E) support organs.

Question 9

Most of the body's muscle tissue is

A) smooth muscle.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) involuntary muscle.
E) digestive muscle.

Question 10

White muscles are designed to contract

A) quickly.
B) quickly and for short periods.
C) slowly.
D) slowly for short periods.
E) slowly for long periods.

Question 11

Which of the following includes all the others?

A) actin
B) myofibril
C) myosin
D) myofilament
E) muscle cell

Question 12

The body contains approximately ____ muscles.

A) 206
B) 350
C) 475
D) 525
E) 600

Question 13

Red muscle appears that way due to the presence of

A) hemoglobin.
B) iron.
C) myoglobin.
D) ATP.
E) glucose.

Question 14

A strap of dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone is (a)

A) ligament.
B) cartilage.
C) myofibril.
D) tendon.
E) filament.

Question 15

The ability to extend a leg is the result of

A) contraction of ligaments and tendons.
B) contraction of a muscle.
C) lengthening of a muscle.
D) a combination of push and pull by antagonistic muscle pairs.
E) relaxation of myosin and actin proteins.

Question 16

Each skeletal muscle fiber is also called a

A) muscle.
B) muscle cell.
C) myofibril.
D) sarcomere.
E) myomesium.

Question 17

Tendon sheaths are used to

A) reduce friction.
B) protect joints.
C) protect muscles.
D) attach tendons to each other.
E) stabilize joints.

Question 18

When one muscle group is stimulated, no nervous signals are sent to the opposing group. This is the result of

A) reciprocal innervation.
B) lack of innervation.
C) hyperreflexia.
D) compensation.
E) depolarization.

Question 19

The basic unit of contraction in a muscle is the

A) myofibril.
B) sarcomere.
C) sliding filament.
D) contractile vacuole.
E) Z band.

Question 20

What quality do cardiac and skeletal muscles share?

A) they are both smooth muscle
B) they are both voluntary muscle
C) they are both involuntary muscle
D) they are both striated
E) they are both found in the heart

Question 21

What results when muscles use more ATP than respiration can deliver?

A) glycogen buildup
B) pyruvate production
C) oxygen debt
D) shallow breathing
E) muscle damage

Question 22

The sliding filament model

A) supplies the energy needed for muscle contraction.
B) provides a flexing action for the muscle fibers.
C) describes the action of the actin and myosin in a muscle cell.
D) explains muscle fatigue.
E) only explains how muscles contract, not how they relax.

Question 23

Which proteins are found along the surface of the actin filament?

A) troponin and sequestrin
B) calsequestrin and myosin
C) tropomyosin and troponin
D) acetylcholine and troponin
E) albumin and tropomyosin

Question 24

When a person dies, myosin cross-bridges with actin can't break apart leading to the condition known as

A) muscle spasm.
B) flaccid paralysis.
C) spastic paralysis.
D) rigor mortis.
E) habeas corpus.

Question 25

Muscle fatigue is a result of

A) accumulation of lactic acid.
B) exhaustion of available ATP.
C) reduction in lactic acid.
D) failure of calcium channels to open after prolonged use.
E) inactivity of muscles for prolonged periods of time.

Question 26

During exercise, when energy from cellular respiration is depleted, the muscle cell relies on which substances for energy?

A) glucose and glycogen
B) glucose and fatty acids
C) fatty acids and glycogen
D) proteins
E) fatty acids and lactic acid

Question 27

The element that is crucial to actual muscle contraction is

A) sodium.
B) potassium.
C) iron.
D) magnesium.
E) calcium.

Question 28

A motor neuron and the muscle cells it synapses with form a(n)

A) active site.
B) action potential.
C) motor unit.
D) cross bridge.
E) motor network.

Question 29

In their action, muscles would be most like

A) ropes.
B) levers.
C) push rods.
D) screws.
E) hammers.

Question 30

The space between the branched nerve endings and the muscle cell membrane is called a

A) myelin sheath.
B) synapse.
C) dendrite.
D) gap junction.
E) tight junction.

Question 31

Small extensions of the muscle cell's plasma membrane that connect with myofibrils are called

A) T tubules.
B) cross-bridges.
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D) neuromuscular junctions.
E) neurotransmitters.

Question 32

During muscle contractions

A) the myofibrils lengthen.
B) the actin and myosin filaments slide over each other.
C) the actin filaments move away from the middle of the sarcomere during contraction and toward on relaxation.
D) the muscle thins.
E) ATP is produced.

Question 33

Myosin heads contain

A) actin.
B) myofibrils.
C) ATP
D) ADP
E) ATPase.

Question 34

Rigor mortis generally lasts for

A) 6 - 12 hours.
B) 12 - 24 hours.
C) 24 - 36 hours.
D) 24 - 60 hours.
E) one week.

Question 35

The mode of action of "Botox" made by Clostridium botulinum is to

A) block release of acetylcholine.
B) stimulate excess release of acetylcholinesterase.
C) inhibit acetylcholinesterase.
D) break down acetylcholine.
E) damage nerve fibers.

Question 36

The most immediate source of energy for reformation of ATP in muscle cells is

A) aerobic respiration.
B) mitochondrial pathways.
C) electron transport phosphorylation.
D) creatine phosphate.
E) anaerobic fermentation.

Question 37

Calcium ions used for muscle contraction are stored in which part of the muscle cell?

A) the nucleus
B) the Golgi apparatus
C) the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) the ribosomes
E) the lysosomes

Question 38

A short-lived contraction of the cells in a motor unit is known as a

A) muscle twitch.
B) tetanus response.
C) spasm.
D) contracture.
E) treppe.

Question 39

During contraction

A) cross bridges of muscle filaments are broken and reformed.
B) ATP is released as a biproduct from cross-bridges.
C) muscle cells use phosphate as their energy source.
D) if there is an abundant supply of oxygen, glycogen depletion by glycolysis will lead to fatigue.
E) calcium is linked to the myosin head.

Question 40

The neurotransmitter used for muscle contraction is

A) serotonin.
B) dopamine.
C) GABA.
D) acetylcholine.
E) aspartate.

Question 41

Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by

A) Clostridium botulinum .
B) Clostridium tetani .
C) Clostridium perfringens .
D) Clostridium welchii .
E) Clostridium dificile .

Question 42

A cancer that develops in muscle is

A) malignant melanoma.
B) oat cell carcinoma.
C) giant cell carcinoma.
D) rhabdomyosarcoma.
E) Wilm's tumor.

Question 43

For maximum effect, one should

A) perform strength training only.
B) perform aerobic exercise only.
C) perform both aerobic exercises and strength training.
D) perform much strength training and only a little aerobic exercise.
E) perform much aerobic exercise and only a little strength training.

Question 44

The most common form of muscular dystrophy in children is

A) myotonic.
B) fascioscapulohumeral.
C) Becker.
D) myoclonic.
E) Duchenne.

Question 45

A steady, low-level contraction of a muscle is referred to as

A) tetanus.
B) treppe.
C) spasm.
D) tone.
E) fatigue.

Question 46

A common term for the disease tetanus is

A) muscular dystrophy.
B) sarcoma.
C) lockjaw.
D) botulism.
E) myofibrosis.

Question 47

Anaerobic exercise affects muscle cells by

A) increasing the number of mitochondria.
B) increasing the size of mitochondria.
C) increasing the number of capillaries supplying muscle tissue.
D) increasing nourishment to the cells and waste removal from the cells.
E) producing ATP without oxygen.

Question 48

What contributes to muscle fatigue?

A) lactic acid buildup
B) glycogen depletion
C) both lactic acid buildup and glycogen depletion
D) loss of nerve innervation
E) stretching a muscle

Question 49

The most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults is

A) myotonic.
B) fascioscapulohumeral.
C) Becker.
D) myoclonic.
E) Duchenne.

Question 50

A muscle contraction that shortens the muscle to move a load is

A) isometric.
B) isotonic.
C) eccentric.
D) heliocentric.
E) dynamic.

Question 51

A muscle contraction that develops tension but doesn't shorten is

A) isometric.
B) isotonic.
C) eccentric.
D) heliocentric.
E) dynamic.

Question 52

At about what age does the tension, or physical force, a person's muscles can muster begin to decrease?

A) 30
B) 25
C) 40
D) 45
E) 50

Question 53

Myotonic muscular dystrophy generally affects

A) the entire body.
B) the hands and feet.
C) the back muscles.
D) the neck muscles.
E) the abdominal muscles.

Question 54

Repeated stimulation of a motor unit over a short period of time leads to

A) fatigue.
B) tetanus.
C) increased muscle strength.
D) muscle twitch.
E) increased ATP production.

Question 55

The most common disorders of skeletal muscles are

A) infections.
B) diseases.
C) fatigue.
D) injuries.
E) loss of fibers.

Question 56

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are muscles. Select the exception.

A) pectoralis
B) patella
C) gastrocnemius
D) deltoid
E) sartorius

Question 57

In which system are all three types of muscles involved in homeostasis?

A) respiratory
B) digestive
C) urinary
D) reproductive
E) cardiovascular

Question 58

Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are molecules that participate in muscle contraction. Select the exception.

A) sarcolemma
B) ATP
C) calcium
D) actin
E) myosin

Question 59

A painful muscle spasm that doesn't immediately release is a(n)

A) inflammation.
B) muscle tear.
C) cramp.
D) isotonic contraction.
E) dystrophy.

Question 60

What is the term for the sudden and involuntary contraction of a muscle?

A) spasm
B) twitch
C) tetanus
D) treppe
E) paralysis