Deck 9: Immunity and Disease

Question 1

The lymph vascular system begins at

A) the heart.
B) the veins.
C) the arteries.
D) the arterioles.
E) the capillaries.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What do large lymph vessels have in common with veins?

A) they transport deoxygenated blood
B) they are a reservoir for blood
C) they drain into the inferior vena cava
D) they have valves
E) they carry carbon dioxide

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All but which of the following can be called a pathogen?

A) virus
B) bacterium
C) fungus
D) cancer
E) protozoan

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The tissue that is used for defense against bacteria and other foreign agents is the

A) spleen.
B) tonsil.
C) liver.
D) thymus.
E) lymph node.

Question 5

Which of the following white blood cells targets worms and fungi?

A) neutrophils
B) basophils
C) eosinophils
D) dendritic cells
E) B and T lymphocytes

Question 6

The major site of disposal of old red blood cells is the

A) liver.
B) kidney.
C) spleen.
D) tonsils.
E) bone marrow.

Question 7

Which of the following white blood cells are equipped with receptors for specific antigens?

A) neutrophils
B) basophils
C) eosinophils
D) dendritic cells
E) B and T lymphocytes

Question 8

Lymph nodes enlarge during an infection because

A) they become infected.
B) lymphocytes destroy invaders inside of them.
C) they become clogged due to infections in the blood.
D) the body produces double the amount of lymph.
E) blood oozes into the nodes.

Question 9

Most antigens are made of

A) nucleic acids and proteins.
B) alcohols and lipids.
C) oligosaccharides and alcohols.
D) ketones and aldehydes.
E) oligosaccharides, proteins, and lipids.

Question 10

Which of the following white blood cells alerts the immune system when an antigen is present?

A) neutrophils
B) basophils
C) eosinophils
D) dendritic cells
E) B and T lymphocytes

Question 11

The largest lymphoid organ is the

A) spleen.
B) tonsil.
C) bone marrow.
D) liver.
E) thymus.

Question 12

Immunity that develops over time due to exposure to various antigens is termed

A) adaptive immunity.
B) learned immunity.
C) compensated immunity.
D) coordinated immunity.
E) innate immunity.

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with specific immune responses?

A) skin
B) B cells
C) macrophages
D) complement proteins
E) tears

Question 14

Any organism that causes disease is classified as a(n)

A) fomite.
B) biological vector.
C) mechanical vector.
D) pathogen
E) antigen.

Question 15

The first barrier to invasion is

A) antibody production.
B) intact skin and body cavity linings.
C) direct attack by white blood cells.
D) innate immunity.
E) development of memory cells.

Question 16

The core of the immune system is made up of

A) red blood cells.
B) platelets.
C) white blood cells.
D) intact skin.
E) intact mucus membranes.

Question 17

The production site for white blood cells is the

A) bone marrow.
B) spleen.
C) liver.
D) kidney.
E) tonsils.

Question 18

Which structure(s) is(are) NOT  included in the lymphatic system?

A) lymph nodes
B) the spleen
C) the thymus
D) tonsils
E) the thyroid

Question 19

T cells multiply and become specialized in the

A) bone marrow.
B) spleen.
C) thymus.
D) thyroid.
E) tonsils.

Question 20

Which of the following white blood cells accounts for about two-thirds of all white blood cells?

A) neutrophils
B) basophils
C) eosinophils
D) dendritic cells
E) B and T lymphocytes

Question 21

Cells produced by dividing B or T cells may be set aside for future responses to threat. These cells are called

A) effector cells.
B) memory cells.
C) dendritic cells.
D) phagocytes.
E) fibroblasts.

Question 22

Which cells make you immune to a disease that you were previously exposed to?

A) effector cells.
B) memory cells.
C) dendritic cells.
D) phagocytes.
E) fibroblasts.

Question 23

Cell-mediated immunity is associated with

A) "killer" T cells.
B) dendritic cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) B cells.
E) phagocytes.

Question 24

Which of the following would NOT be an action of the complement system?

A) lysis of a pathogen's membrane
B) trapping of pathogens in tangled protein threads
C) marking of pathogens for destruction by macrophages
D) attraction of phagocytes to the scene of pathogen invasion
E) membrane attack complexes

Question 25

Antibody-mediated immunity is created by

A) "killer" T cells.
B) dendritic cells.
C) helper T cells.
D) B cells.
E) phagocytes.

Question 26

"Friendly" bacteria located in the vagina that keep harmful bacteria and fungi from growing are

A) Staphylococcus aureus .
B) Streptococcus pyogenes .
C) Candida albicans .
D) Lactobacillus acidophilus .
E) Staphylococcus alba .

Question 27

Complement proteins have all of the following functions EXCEPT to

A) chemically detect the presence of pathogens.
B) attract phagocytes.
C) form membrane attack complexes.
D) work with cytokines to trigger inflammation.
E) directly cause inflammation.

Question 28

Which chemical released by white blood cells causes capillaries to leak?

A) cytokines
B) histamine
C) interferons
D) complement
E) interleukins

Question 29

The use of which commonly employed medication may lead to the development of a vaginal yeast infection?

A) aspirin
B) pain relievers
C) decongestants
D) antibiotics
E) antacids

Question 30

Which of the following act as "filters" in the lymph system?

A) macrophages
B) lymph nodes
C) complements
D) immunoglobulins
E) perforins

Question 31

The markers that identify an individual's cells are referred to by the letters

A) MHC.
B) HTC.
C) ADS.
D) RSW.
E) AKA.

Question 32

Fever develops when ____ stimulate the brain to release prostaglandins.

A) cytokines
B) histamines
C) interferons
D) complement
E) histamines

Question 33

Which chemical released by white blood cells causes arterioles to dilate?

A) cytokines
B) histamine
C) interferons
D) complement
E) interleukins

Question 34

The complement system includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) a group of several plasma proteins.
B) induces a cascade of proteins that counteract invasion by coating the invading cells.
C) attracts phagocytic leukocytes to attack invading cells.
D) causes the lysis of the plasma membranes of invading cells.
E) blocks the virus from entering into healthy cells.

Question 35

Which of the following areas is used by the spleen to destroy invaders?

A) white pulp
B) red pulp
C) sinusoids
D) lymph nodes
E) interstitial fluid

Question 36

Which characteristic(s) of urine help it to bar pathogens from the urinary tract?

A) a high pH
B) mucous production
C) a low pH
D) ammonia concentrations
E) urea

Question 37

Cells produced by dividing B or T cells may immediately begin to destroy an invader. These cells are called

A) effector cells.
B) memory cells.
C) dendritic cells.
D) phagocytes.
E) fibroblasts.

Question 38

Which system involves plasma proteins activated when they contact a bacterial cell?

A) infection
B) complement
C) bodyguard
D) enhancer
E) defender

Question 39

Mucus contains an enzyme called ____ that chemically attacks and kills bacteria.

A) lysozyme
B) peroxide
C) lipase
D) lactase
E) protease

Question 40

Some complement proteins form a membrane attack complex that

A) engulf an invador.
B) releases cytotoxic chemicals into an invador.
C) causes inflammation.
D) creates a pore in an invador causing the punctured cell to disintegrate.
E) protects invadors from cytotoxic chemicals.

Question 41

Genetically programmed cell death is known as

A) apoptosis.
B) hemolysis.
C) autolysis.
D) hemoptysis.
E) hematemesis.

Question 42

Which antibody makes up about 80% of the antibodies in the blood?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 43

What stimulates activation of B and T cells?

A) cell recognition of an antigen
B) production of complement
C) histamine production
D) lysozyme release
E) cytokine production

Question 44

Which is the main antibody in secretions of exocrine glands?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 45

To help prevent rejection of a transplanted organ, what is analyzed?

A) MHC markers
B) plasma antibodies
C) lysozyme concentration
D) killer T cell levels
E) B cell levels

Question 46

Why don't corneal transplants (in the eye) provoke an immune response?

A) corneas are not cellular structures
B) corneal cells secrete a chemical to trigger apoptosis in attacking lymphocytes
C) lymphocytes recognize all corneas as "self"
D) there are no lymphocytes in the eye
E) corneal cells resemble lymphocytes

Question 47

Which antibody is involved in allergic reaction?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 48

The infinite variety of antibodies that can be generated by B cells is due to

A) the infinite variety of genes in these cells.
B) the shuffling of genes to produce an infinite variety of proteins.
C) the recombination of genes due to crossing over.
D) the infinite variety of genes in these cells and the recombination of genes due to crossing over.
E) the infinite variety of genes in these cells, the recombination of genes due to crossing over, and the shuffling of genes to produce an infinite variety of proteins.

Question 49

Plasma cells come from

A) T cells.
B) dendritic cells.
C) B cells.
D) macrophages.
E) monocytes.

Question 50

Which is the first antibody secreted during immune responses and the first one produced by newborns?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 51

Natural Killer cells are

A) neutrophils.
B) macrophages.
C) present outside of the lymphatic system only.
D) helper T cells.
E) detect and kill virus-infected body cells.

Question 52

Which antibody may help activate helper T cells?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 53

Cell-mediated immune responses protect against

A) viruses.
B) bacteria.
C) fungi.
D) cancer cells.
E) all of these

Question 54

Which chemicals trigger the repeated division of lymphocytes that produce activated B and T cells?

A) interleukins
B) complement proteins
C) interferons
D) histamines
E) cytokines

Question 55

Antigen-presenting cells include

A) neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.
B) lymphocytes, basophils, and neutrophils.
C) macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.
D) monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils.
E) macrophages, basophils, and eosinophils.

Question 56

Body cells have self-markers located

A) in their nuclei.
B) in the endoplasmic reticulum.
C) in the mitochondria.
D) on the plasma membrane.
E) inside the Golgi bodies.

Question 57

The purpose of a booster shot is to

A) elicit a primary response to an antigen.
B) elicit a secondary response to an antigen.
C) re-establish the formation of antibodies.
D) counteract specific antigens in the system.
E) seek out invaders.

Question 58

Memory cells that form during a primary immune response circulate in the blood for

A) several days.
B) weeks.
C) months.
D) many years.
E) a few minutes.

Question 59

One example of a vaccine made from weakened toxin protects against

A) pertusis.
B) polio.
C) German measles.
D) measles.
E) tetanus.

Question 60

Many antibodies are shaped like the letter

A) C.
B) E.
C) H.
D) K.
E) Y.

Question 61

Transgenic viruses are

A) highly deadly viruses that cause diseases.
B) mutated viruses that evade antibodies.
C) harmless genetically engineered viruses.
D) variations on original virus forms.
E) viruses that do not impart immunity.

Question 62

Large amounts of antibodies produced for commercial use are called

A) monoclonal antibodies.
B) myeloma cells.
C) interferons.
D) clones.
E) hybridoma cells.

Question 63

What is the name given to the chemicals which disrupt viral replication?

A) lymphokines
B) monoclonal antibodies
C) vaccine
D) interferons
E) complement

Question 64

Today, most monoclonal antibodies are

A) produced using genetically altered bacteria.
B) collected from mice.
C) collected from sheep.
D) collected from horses.
E) produced using human subjects.

Question 65

Desensitization therapy is used to stimulate the production of ____ instead of IgE.

A) IgM
B) IgD
C) IgA
D) IgG
E) antihistamine

Question 66

Which cells does IgE bind to in an allergic reaction?

A) B cells
B) T cells
C) neutrophils
D) mast cells
E) eosinophils

Question 67

What do pollen, dust mites, certain foods and drugs, insect venom, fungal spores, and some ingredients in cosmetics have in common?

A) they are all made of protein
B) they all contain lipids
C) they often act as allergens
D) they often contain dangerous bacteria
E) they often elicit antibody production

Question 68

The cellular binding of IgE during an allergic reaction causes the release of which chemicals?

A) heparin and bradykinin
B) prostaglandins and histamine
C) histamine and serotonin
D) prostaglandins and bradykinin
E) serotonin and prostaglandins

Question 69

Immunotherapies such as immunotoxins are being tested to treat

A) pertusis.
B) tetanus.
C) pneumonia.
D) HIV.
E) measles.

Question 70

Beta interferon is used to treat

A) herpes infections.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) measles.
D) mumps.
E) hepatitis C.

Question 71

A serious and sometimes fatal allergic reaction is

A) anaphylactic shock.
B) toxic shock.
C) septic shock.
D) uremic shock.
E) compensated shock.

Question 72

Which antibodies are secreted when an allergic person is exposed to an allergen?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 73

Some common allergens known to cause anaphylactic shock are

A) tree pollen and shellfish.
B) grass pollen and tree pollen.
C) wasp and bee stings and peanuts.
D) walnuts and flower pollen.
E) tomatoes and peppers.

Question 74

Monoclonal antibodies may be used to

A) treat mononucleosis.
B) screen for prostate cancer.
C) produce genetically modified bacteria.
D) clone interferons.
E) treat infected lab mice.

Question 75

The emergency treatment for anaphylactic shock is an injection of

A) glucose.
B) epinephrine.
C) serotonin.
D) dopamine.
E) histamine.

Question 76

Rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosis are examples of

A) autoimmune diseases.
B) allergic responses.
C) toxin induced diseases.
D) bacterial diseases.
E) viral diseases.

Question 77

When monoclonal antibodies are bound to poisons, they form

A) antitoxins.
B) antibodies.
C) immunotoxins.
D) autoantibodies.
E) immunoglobulins.

Question 78

The most common food allergens are

A) tomatoes, peppers, and eggs.
B) eggs, milk, and strawberries.
C) oranges, pineapples, and shellfish.
D) shellfish, tomatoes, and cheese.
E) shellfish, eggs, and wheat.

Question 79

Gamma interferon is used to treat

A) herpes infections.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) measles.
D) mumps.
E) hepatitis C.

Question 80

Passive immunization

A) causes antibody formation.
B) is the administration of already formed antibodies from another source.
C) is used to prevent a person from becoming infected.
D) has a long lasting helpful effect.
E) is the same thing as immunotherapy.