Deck 10: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Smoking has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A) lung cancer.
B) breast cancer.
C) high blood pressure.
D) higher levels of LDL cholesterol.
E) increases lung capacity.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The gap between the vocal cords that is the opening to the larynx is the

A) epiglottis.
B) pharynx.
C) nasopharynx.
D) glottis.
E) oropharynx.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The respiratory system's role in respiration ends with which structure(s)?

A) the bronchioles
B) the alveoli
C) the bronchi
D) the trachea
E) the glottis

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Name the mammalian structure that is positioned in the pathway of air just before the alveoli.

A) larynx
B) glottis
C) bronchioles
D) trachea
E) pharynx

Question 5

The muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the

A) intercostal muscle.
B) pectoral muscle.
C) serratus muscle.
D) oblique muscle.
E) diaphragm muscle.

Question 6

Which cartilage forms the "Adam's apple"?

A) cricoid
B) cricothyroid
C) thyroid
D) meniscus
E) fibrocartilage

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal cavities?

A) filter dust out of the incoming air
B) detect odors
C) warm the air
D) oxygenate the blood
E) moisturize the air

Question 8

Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the

A) glottis.
B) pharynx.
C) epiglottis.
D) larynx.
E) trachea.

Question 9

The human vocal cords are located in the

A) glottis.
B) pharynx.
C) trachea.
D) larynx.
E) bronchus.

Question 10

In describing the parts of the respiratory system, the word "septum" designates a partition in the

A) larynx.
B) nasal cavities.
C) pharynx.
D) glottis.
E) lungs.

Question 11

Mucus-secreting cells and cilia in the bronchi serve what function?

A) help air exchange
B) trap and remove bacteria and airborne particles
C) destroy inhaled bacteria
D) warm inspired air
E) increase carbon dioxide removal

Question 12

Tears drain into the

A) nasal cavity.
B) anterior chamber of the eye.
C) corneal space.
D) conjunctiva.
E) optic nerve.

Question 13

Which vertebrate body system is most closely associated functionally with respiration?

A) urinary
B) digestive
C) endocrine
D) circulatory
E) integumentary

Question 14

What is the proper sequence of air flow in the human respiratory system?

A) nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea
B) nasal cavities, pharynx, bronchi, larynx, trachea
C) nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
D) nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
E) nasal cavities, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx

Question 15

The effect of smoking on the respiratory tract includes

A) reduced production of mucus.
B) increased development of cells.
C) immobilization of ciliated cells.
D) destruction of white blood cells that patrol the respiratory tract.
E) both immobilization of ciliated cells and destruction of white blood cells that patrol the respiratory tract.

Question 16

Which structure(s) provide a huge surface area for diffusion of gasses?

A) the bronchi
B) the bronchioles
C) the trachea
D) the alveoli
E) the lungs

Question 17

When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the

A) pharynx.
B) esophagus.
C) larynx.
D) bronchus.
E) alveoli.

Question 18

The overall exchange of oxygen inhaled from the air for waste carbon dioxide is

A) respiration.
B) perfusion.
C) percolation.
D) saponification.
E) expulsion.

Question 19

Actual exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the

A) bronchi.
B) alveoli.
C) bronchioles.
D) tracheas.
E) glottis.

Question 20

The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to

A) intrapleural fluid.
B) leaking plasma.
C) blood.
D) mucus.
E) both leaking plasma and mucus.

Question 21

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere is

A) 0.004 percent.
B) 0.04 percent.
C) 0.4 percent.
D) 4.0 percent.
E) 40 percent.

Question 22

In humans ventilation is powered by

A) the diaphragm only.
B) muscles attached to the ribs only.
C) the lungs themselves.
D) the diaphragm and rib muscles.
E) the heart.

Question 23

During rapid expulsion of air, which additional muscles are involved?

A) neck muscles
B) back muscles
C) abdominal muscles
D) pelvic muscles
E) eye muscles

Question 24

How does hemoglobin help to maintain the pressure gradient?

A) by duplicating oxygen
B) by carrying oxygen away from the lungs
C) by feeding oxygen into the lungs
D) by mixing oxygen with carbon dioxide
E) by binding with nitrogen

Question 25

The most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere is

A) oxygen.
B) water vapor.
C) argon.
D) nitrogen.
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 26

At high altitudes, people with heart disease may experience

A) "the bends."
B) reduced breathing rate.
C) decreased production of red blood cells.
D) angina.
E) reduced hemoglobin concentrations.

Question 27

Hypoxia

A) causes hypoventilation.
B) depletes the tissues of carbon dioxide.
C) inhibits the brain's respiratory centers.
D) may be the result of changes in altitude.
E) results in lowered body temperature.

Question 28

Decompression sickness ("the bends") is caused by

A) a rapid rise of carbon dioxide in the blood.
B) lack of oxygen in the tissues.
C) bubbles of nitrogen in the blood.
D) glucose deficiency.
E) descending too rapidly into deep water.

Question 29

The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the

A) vital capacity.
B) tidal volume.
C) pleural volume.
D) alveolar volume.
E) inspirational capacity.

Question 30

The amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs in each normal breath is termed

A) inspirational capacity.
B) reserve volume.
C) pleural volume.
D) alveolar volume.
E) tidal volume.

Question 31

During inhalation,

A) the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs.
B) the pressure in the pleural sac is less than the pressure within the lungs.
C) the diaphragm moves upward and becomes more curved.
D) the chest cavity volume decreases.
E) movement of the diaphragm is inhibited.

Question 32

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged due to the process of

A) osmosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) diffusion.
D) Brownian movement.
E) active transport.

Question 33

The atmospheric pressure at sea level is

A) 1,000 mm Hg.
B) 760 mm Hg.
C) 540 mm Hg.
D) 400 mm Hg.
E) 320 mm Hg.

Question 34

During exhalation,

A) the pressure in the thoracic cavity is less than the pressure within the lungs.
B) the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs.
C) the diaphragm moves downward and becomes more flattened.
D) the chest cavity volume increases.
E) movement of the diaphragm is inhibited.

Question 35

The concentration of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere is approximately

A) 78 percent.
B) 66 percent.
C) 50 percent.
D) 33 percent.
E) 20 percent.

Question 36

The oxygen content of air at sea level is approximately

A) 21 percent.
B) 78 percent.
C) 0.04 percent.
D) 0.96 percent.
E) 100 percent.

Question 37

Exchange across a membrane requires

A) moisture only.
B) transport proteins only.
C) pressure gradients only.
D) moisture and pressure gradients only.
E) moisture, pressure gradients, and transport proteins.

Question 38

Above 8,000 feet, the body's response to low oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is

A) hyperventilation.
B) reduced breathing rate.
C) slowed heart rate.
D) decreased production of red blood cells.
E) "the bends."

Question 39

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by

A) exocytosis and endocytosis.
B) bulk flow.
C) osmosis.
D) diffusion.
E) facilitated diffusion.

Question 40

Which two factors affect how many gas molecules move across the respiratory surface in any given time?

A) moisture and transport proteins
B) moisture and surface area
C) partial pressure gradient and moisture
D) partial pressure gradient and surface area
E) transport proteins and surface area

Question 41

Infant respiratory distress syndrome is caused by

A) surfactant-secreting cells that do not work yet.
B) underdeveloped alveoli.
C) clogged bronchioles.
D) underdeveloped bronchi.
E) small lungs.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Hemoglobin functions as a buffer.
B) Bicarbonate ions tend to diffuse out of red blood cells into the blood plasma.
C) The movement of molecules go in different directions in the metabolically active tissues and the alveoli.
D) Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that promotes the formation of oxyhemoglobin.
E) Hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide chains.

Question 43

Hemoglobin

A) tends to give up oxygen in regions where partial pressure of oxygen exceeds that in the lungs.
B) tends to hold onto oxygen when the pH of the blood drops.
C) tends to release oxygen where the temperature is lower.
D) releases oxygen more readily in highly active tissues.
E) may bind up to 16 molecules of oxygen.

Question 44

A normal tidal volume is

A) 1000 milliliters.
B) 1500 milliliters.
C) 250 milliliters.
D) 750 milliliters.
E) 500 milliliters.

Question 45

The residual volume of the lungs is approximately

A) 1200 milliliters.
B) 2000 milliliters.
C) 4800 milliliters.
D) 3800 milliliters.
E) 5200 milliliters.

Question 46

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream

A) because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood.
B) mainly due to the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells.
C) by using the assistance of carbaminohemoglobin.
D) through active transport.
E) because the concentration of carbon dioxide is greater in alveoli than in the blood.

Question 47

In order to dislodge food that has accidentally entered the trachea, which procedure is used?

A) the Ortolani maneuver.
B) the Herbert maneuver.
C) the Heimlich maneuver.
D) the Bartholin maneuver.
E) the Feingold maneuver.

Question 48

Which statement is NOT true?

A) Carbon dioxide is more soluble in fluid than in oxygen.
B) Carbon dioxide diffuses more rapidly across the respiratory surface than oxygen does.
C) The major muscle involved in breathing is the diaphragm.
D) Oxygen is carried primarily by blood plasma.
E) Carbon dioxide is carried by the blood plasma.

Question 49

The normal vital capacity for a male is

A) 1000 milliliters.
B) 2000 milliliters.
C) 4800 milliliters.
D) 3800 milliliters.
E) 5200 milliliters.

Question 50

The medical term for a collapsed lung is

A) hemothorax.
B) hydrothorax.
C) planothorax.
D) pneumothorax.
E) brachiothorax.

Question 51

Hemoglobin gives up O₂ when

A) partial pressure of oxygen is lower than in the blood.
B) body temperature is lowered.
C) pH values are high.
D) CO₂ concentrations are low.
E) O₂ concentrations are high.

Question 52

Air in the pleural cavity is called

A) hemothorax.
B) pneumothorax.
C) hemopneumothorax.
D) hydrothorax.
E) pleurothorax.

Question 53

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs

A) as a gas.
B) dissolved in blood plasma.
C) bound to potassium carbonate ions.
D) as bicarbonate ions.
E) as carbonic acid molecules.

Question 54

Approximately how much "dead" air remains in the airways between breaths?

A) 150 milliliters
B) 500 milliliters
C) 25 milliliters
D) 300 milliliters
E) 0 milliliters

Question 55

An adult typically breathes ____ times per minute.

A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16
E) 20

Question 56

DPG (2,3 - diphosphoglycerate) is produced when

A) carbon dioxide builds up.
B) oxygen levels are high.
C) tissues chronically receive too little oxygen.
D) bicarbonate ion is low.
E) sodium levels rise.

Question 57

External respiration

A) moves carbon dioxide from alveoli into the blood.
B) moves oxygen from alveoli into the blood.
C) moves oxygen from the blood into alveoli and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
D) moves oxygen from alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
E) moves both oxygen and carbon dioxide from alveoli into the blood.

Question 58

The normal vital capacity for a female is

A) 1000 milliliters.
B) 2000 milliliters.
C) 4800 milliliters.
D) 3800 milliliters.
E) 5200 milliliters.

Question 59

Internal respiration

A) moves carbon dioxide from tissues into the blood.
B) moves oxygen from tissues into the blood.
C) moves oxygen from the blood into tissues and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
D) moves oxygen from tissues into the blood and carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
E) moves both oxygen and carbon dioxide from tissues into the blood.

Question 60

Which chemical secreted in the alveoli reduces surface tension?

A) oxyhemoglobin
B) pulmonary surfactant
C) carboxyhemoglobin
D) secretory IgA
E) mucus

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for lung cancer?

A) smoking
B) asbestos exposure
C) radiation
D) exposure to industrial chemicals
E) regular exercise

Question 62

Carbonic anhydrase

A) combines with water to form carbonic acid.
B) dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
C) is normally found in red blood cells.
D) is responsible for maintaining the high levels of carbon dioxide in the lungs and the low levels of carbon dioxide in the body tissues.
E) dissociates into carbonic acid and hydrogen ions.

Question 63

Which respiratory disease may spread to other parts of the body?

A) pneumonia
B) tuberculosis
C) SARS
D) emphysema
E) asthma

Question 64

Life-long nonsmokers live an average of how much longer than those who in their mid-twenties smoked two packs of cigarettes a day?

A) 6 months
B) 1 to 2 years
C) 3 to 5 years
D) 7 to 9 years
E) over 12 years

Question 65

Which lung disease may spread to the eyes causing permanent blindness?

A) tuberculosis
B) influenza
C) viral pneumonia
D) histoplasmosis
E) pertusis

Question 66

Pneumonia may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) fungi.
D) influenza.
E) anemia.

Question 67

The enzyme responsible for converting free carbon dioxide in the blood into forms in which it can be transported in the blood is

A) carbonic anhydrase.
B) carboxypeptidase.
C) carbonase.
D) decarboxylase.
E) dehydrogenase.

Question 68

SARS is a form of

A) lung cancer.
B) asthma.
C) influenza.
D) histoplasmosis.
E) emphysema.

Question 69

When hemoglobin binds hydrogen ions it is acting as a(n)

A) neutralizer.
B) buffer.
C) acid.
D) base.
E) cation.

Question 70

A common respiratory problem in the elderly or morbidly obese is

A) asthma.
B) sleep apnea.
C) bronchitis.
D) bronchiolitis.
E) the common cold.

Question 71

The 2003 outbreak of SARS began in

A) the United States.
B) Great Britain.
C) Russia.
D) Africa.
E) China.

Question 72

What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?

A) pleurisy
B) emphysema
C) bronchitis
D) laryngitis
E) asthma

Question 73

When ciliary action in the lungs is interfered with and mucus builds up, which disease may develop?

A) emphysema
B) bronchitis
C) pleurisy
D) pneumothorax
E) tuberculosis

Question 74

The breakdown of alveoli causes

A) emphysema
B) bronchitis
C) pleurisy
D) pneumothorax
E) tuberculosis

Question 75

Which statement is true?

A) Breathing rate and depth are completely under voluntary control.
B) A person can commit suicide by holding his or her breath.
C) The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain.
D) There are chemoreceptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing.
E) The contraction of the diaphragm and muscle of the rib cage are under the control of areas of the brain, and there are chemo-receptors in the brain that monitor carbon dioxide content in the blood and control breathing.

Question 76

The rate and depth of breathing are governed by all of the following EXCEPT

A) chemoreceptors in arterial walls.
B) baroreceptors in the diaphragm.
C) the partial pressure of O₂ in the atmosphere.
D) a respiratory center in the brainstem.
E) carotid and aortic bodies.

Question 77

Breathing that stops briefly and then resumes spontaneously is called

A) apnea.
B) tachypnea.
C) bradypnea.
D) pneumotaxia.
E) hyperventilation.

Question 78

If too little carbon dioxide is moving out of the lungs,

A) bronchioles relax and widen.
B) bronchioles constrict and narrow.
C) alveoli relax.
D) alveoli constrict.
E) the diaphragm enters tetany.

Question 79

Smoking has been shown to cause all of the following EXCEPT

A) bronchitis.
B) emphysema.
C) lung cancer.
D) coronary disease.
E) healthy skin.

Question 80

The cessation of smoking may do all of the following EXCEPT

A) can reduce the risk of stillbirth.
B) reduces the chances of cancer.
C) reduces the chances of coronary disease.
D) improves lung functioning.
E) increase chances of sleep apnea.