Deck 16: Reproductive Systems

Question 1

The cervix is part of the

A) vulva.
B) ovary.
C) uterus.
D) oviduct.
E) vagina.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT essential to the reproductive process?

A) ovary
B) oviduct
C) clitoris
D) vagina
E) uterus

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The end of the progestational phase of the menstrual cycle prepares the uterine lining for

A) ovulation.
B) implantation of an embryo.
C) fertilization.
D) menopause.
E) disintegration of the endometrium.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The inner layer of the uterus is the

A) endometrium.
B) epimetrium.
C) perimetrium.
D) ectometrium.
E) myometrium.

Question 5

From a developmental standpoint, which female reproductive organ is analogous to the scrotum?

A) uterus
B) vagina
C) clitoris
D) labia minora
E) labia majora

Question 6

The spread and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus is called

A) endometriitis.
B) endometrialgia.
C) endometrial mitigation.
D) endometriosis.
E) endometrial ablation.

Question 7

Another name for the oviduct is the

A) eustachian tube.
B) vas deferens.
C) semicircular canal.
D) fallopian tube.
E) urethra.

Question 8

The end of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle coincides with

A) ovulation.
B) menstruation.
C) fertilization.
D) menopause.
E) disintegration of the endometrium.

Question 9

The passageway that channels ova from the ovary into the uterus is known as the

A) vagina.
B) uterus.
C) oviduct.
D) endometrium.
E) cervical os.

Question 10

The thick layer of smooth muscle in the uterus is the

A) endometrium.
B) epimetrium.
C) perimetrium.
D) ectometrium.
E) myometrium.

Question 11

A female's first menstruation is called

A) menopause.
B) menarche.
C) proliferation.
D) ovulation.
E) ejaculation.

Question 12

Compared to babies born in single births, babies born in multiple births have a higher incidence of

A) mortality.
B) lower birth weights.
C) developmental delays.
D) mortality and developmental displays only.
E) mortality, lower birth weights and developmental delays.

Question 13

From a developmental standpoint, which female reproductive organ is analogous to the penis?

A) uterus
B) vagina
C) clitoris
D) labia minora
E) labia majora

Question 14

The primary reproductive organ in the human female is the

A) uterus.
B) ovary.
C) vagina.
D) clitoris.
E) vulva.

Question 15

Which is the only system that does not contribute to homeostasis?

A) immune
B) urinary
C) reproductive
D) digestive
E) endocrine

Question 16

Moodiness, insomnia, "hot flashes", and vaginal dryness are associated with

A) menopause.
B) menarche.
C) endometriosis.
D) pregnancy.
E) metrorrhagia.

Question 17

Since the mid-1980s, the incidence of triplets and other higher-order multiple births has

A) doubled.
B) tripled.
C) quadrupled.
D) been cut by 50%.
E) stayed the same.

Question 18

Sperm and eggs are referred to as

A) gametes.
B) gonads.
C) germ cells.
D) semen.
E) zygotes.

Question 19

The principal organs of the female human reproductive system include all the following EXCEPT the

A) uterus.
B) vagina.
C) oviducts.
D) ovaries.
E) mammary glands.

Question 20

Approximately how many women in the United States suffer from endometriosis each year?

A) 100,000
B) 1 million
C) 5 million
D) 10 million
E) 100 million

Question 21

Destruction of the corpus luteum occurs in approximately how many days?

A) 14
B) 7
C) 21
D) 12
E) 28

Question 22

Using your knowledge of the feedback loops of human female hormones, which of the following would you predict is the result of high levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood?

A) lack of growth of the corpus luteum
B) absence of monthly ovulation
C) increased secretion of FSH
D) increased levels of LH
E) changes in the uterine lining

Question 23

Which of the following hormones maintains the endometrium during pregnancy?

A) follicle-stimulating hormone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) progesterone
D) follicle-stimulating hormone and progesterone
E) follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone

Question 24

The primary oocyte and the layer of cells surrounding it make up the

A) corpus luteum.
B) follicle.
C) septum pellucidum.
D) zona pellucida.
E) corona radiata.

Question 25

FSH and LH are secreted by the

A) hypothalamus.
B) ovaries.
C) anterior pituitary.
D) testes.
E) uterus.

Question 26

Menstrual flow begins in response to

A) rising levels of FSH and LH.
B) falling levels of estrogen only.
C) falling levels of progesterone only.
D) falling levels of both estrogen and progesterone.
E) a rise in human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 27

Which of the following serves to end the menstrual cycle?

A) a surge in luteinizing hormone
B) the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin
C) self-destruction of the corpus luteum causing a drop in estrogen and progesterone levels
D) a rise in the level of progesterone
E) a drop in the level of gonadotropic hormones in the blood

Question 28

Ovulation is triggered by

A) high levels of LH.
B) low levels of LH.
C) high levels of chorionic gonadotropin.
D) low levels of estrogen.
E) high levels of progesterone.

Question 29

Ovulation involves the

A) production of the first polar body.
B) release of a secondary oocyte.
C) beginning of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
D) suspension of the meiotic process.
E) deterioration of the corpus luteum.

Question 30

For proper sperm production, the temperature in the scrotum must be close to

A) 98 ° F.
B) 100 ° F.
C) 95 ° F.
D) 97 ° F.
E) 101 ° F.

Question 31

The menstrual flow is the result of

A) no implantation of a zygote.
B) decreased levels of progesterone.
C) discarded uterine linings.
D) no implantation of a zygote and discarded uterine linings, only.
E) no implantation of a zygote, discarded uterine linings, and decreased levels of progesterone.

Question 32

The corpus luteum produces

A) progesterone.
B) estrogen.
C) testosterone.
D) FSH and LH
E) estrogen and progesterone.

Question 33

In a developing male, the testes descend into the scrotum

A) at birth.
B) at one month of age.
C) at two weeks of age.
D) before birth.
E) at six months of age.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is false?

A) A female has more oocytes before she is born than at any time during her life.
B) Meiosis II will not occur in an oocyte unless it is fertilized.
C) Fertilization occurs in the vagina.
D) Implantation occurs in the uterus.
E) The vagina serves as the birth canal.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the human female?

A) She produces all the eggs that she ever will before she is born.
B) The process of meiosis may take 30 to 50 years to complete.
C) The primary oocytes lay dormant until puberty.
D) She will produce more gametes than her male counterpart.
E) It is possible that more than one egg will be released at ovulation.

Question 36

What is the ultimate fate of a polar body?

A) it goes on to be fertilized
B) it develops into an oocyte
C) it secretes progesterone
D) it secretes estrogen
E) it disintegrates

Question 37

What does the oocyte complete prior to ovulation?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis II
C) meiosis I
D) cleavage
E) FSH secretion

Question 38

Development of the ovarian follicle is primarily controlled by

A) follicle stimulating hormone.
B) the corpus luteum.
C) luteinizing hormone.
D) androgen.
E) progesterone.

Question 39

Ovulation is triggered primarily by

A) a surge of LH that occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle.
B) the falling levels of estrogen and progesterone.
C) the rising levels of progesterone.
D) both a surge of LH that occurs halfway through the menstrual cycle and the rising levels of progesterone.
E) progressively higher levels of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 40

Menstrual flow results in the discharge of

A) the follicle.
B) the corpus luteum.
C) the endometrial lining of the uterus.
D) surface cells from the vagina.
E) blood from the blood vessels on the outer surface of the uterus.

Question 41

Sperm production occurs in the

A) testes.
B) ductus deferens.
C) epididymis.
D) prostate gland.
E) penis.

Question 42

Fructose is used for _________ by sperm.

A) nourishment
B) energy
C) negative feedback
D) positive feedback
E) differentiation

Question 43

From the epididymis, mature sperm travel directly to the

A) ureter.
B) urethra.
C) vas efferens.
D) vas deferens.
E) seminal vesicles.

Question 44

Smooth muscle of female's uterus contracts in response to what chemical during intercourse?

A) glucose
B) buffers
C) prostaglandins
D) mucus
E) fructose

Question 45

Spermatids develop into

A) tertiary spermatocytes.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) spermatozoa.
E) Sertoli cells.

Question 46

The mucus-rich, acid-neutralizing fluid produced by the seminal vesicles serves to

A) activate the sperm.
B) neutralize fluid in the urethra for the passage of sperm.
C) kill sperm.
D) function as a chemotaxin for the oocyte.
E) lubricate the vagina.

Question 47

A mucus-rich, acid-neutralizing fluid is produced by

A) the prostate gland.
B) the bulbourethral gland.
C) the seminal vesicles.
D) the ejaculatory duct.
E) the germ cells.

Question 48

Spermatogonia develop into

A) spermatids.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) spermatozoans.
E) tertiary spermatocytes.

Question 49

Prostaglandins are produced by the

A) prostate gland.
B) bulbourethral gland.
C) seminal vesicles.
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) germ cells.

Question 50

Fructose is produced by

A) the prostate gland.
B) the bulbourethral gland.
C) the seminal vesicles.
D) the ejaculatory duct.
E) the germ cells.

Question 51

Which of the following is the last structure that a sperm travels through as it leaves the body?

A) ureter
B) urethra
C) ductus deferens
D) vas efferens
E) epididymis

Question 52

Seminal fluid is produced by the

A) prostate gland.
B) seminal vesicles.
C) bulbourethral glands.
D) urinary bladder.
E) all of these except "urinary bladder"

Question 53

Sperm are produced from

A) Sertoli cells.
B) germ cells.
C) Leydig cells.
D) interstitial cells.
E) prostate cells.

Question 54

Which of the following is part of the urinary system, but not the reproductive system?

A) ureter
B) urethra
C) vas deferens
D) vas efferens
E) epididymis

Question 55

Which cells are produced during meiosis I?

A) spermatids
B) primary spermatocytes
C) secondary spermatocytes
D) spermatozoa
E) sperm

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT found in the seminal fluid?

A) glucose
B) buffers
C) prostaglandins
D) mucus
E) fructose

Question 57

If the ductus deferens tubes are cut and tied (vasectomy), the semen will not contain

A) fructose.
B) buffers.
C) mucus.
D) sperm.
E) prostaglandins.

Question 58

Which cells are produced during meiosis II?

A) spermatids
B) primary spermatocytes
C) secondary spermatocytes
D) spermatozoa
E) sperm

Question 59

In the human male, sperm are produced by spermatogenesis (sperm formation) which takes place in

A) interstitial cells.
B) the prostate.
C) seminiferous tubules.
D) the ductus deferens.
E) the epididymis.

Question 60

Immature sperm are stored in the

A) ductus deferens.
B) epididymis.
C) prostate.
D) scrotum.
E) urethra.

Question 61

All but which of the following hormones is in some way responsible for the production of sperm?

A) luteinizing hormone
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) gonadotropic releasing hormone
D) testosterone
E) human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 62

The release of testosterone is triggered by

A) luteinizing hormone.
B) GnRH.
C) Sertoli cells.
D) luteinizing hormone and GnRH, only.
E) luteinizing hormone, GnRH, and Sertoli cells.

Question 63

Which structure of the sperm contains mitochondria to supply energy for movement of sperm?

A) the acrosome
B) the head
C) the midpiece
D) the tail
E) the flagellum

Question 64

Sperm must clear a path through the _______________ of the oocyte.

A) corona radiata
B) follicle cells
C) nucleus
D) zona pellucida
E) acrosome

Question 65

Which of the following statements is false?

A) orgasm is necessary for ejaculation
B) once ejaculation begins, it cannot be stopped
C) during ejaculation, sperm is forced out of the epididymis
D) female orgasm is necessary before fertilization can take place
E) an erection is brought about by vasodilation of blood vessels leading into the cylinders of spongy tissue

Question 66

Rhythmic, involuntary contractions of smooth muscle during ejaculation occur primarily in the

A) vas deferens.
B) prostate.
C) seminal vesicles.
D) bulbourethral gland.
E) both vas deferens and prostate.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT involved in a feedback loop in the male reproductive system?

A) anterior pituitary
B) hypothalamus
C) adrenal gland
D) Sertoli cells
E) interstitial cells

Question 68

The secretion of the interstitial cells in the testes is

A) semen.
B) fructose.
C) testosterone.
D) semen and fructose.
E) prostaglandins.

Question 69

Which structure of the sperm contains mitochondria?

A) the midpiece
B) the flagellum
C) the head
D) the acrosome
E) the tail

Question 70

Which of the following structures is NOT found in mature sperm?

A) DNA molecules
B) acrosome with enzymes
C) mitochondria
D) microtubules in the tail
E) ribosomes

Question 71

Which structure of the sperm contains enzymes for penetration of the material that surrounds the egg?

A) the acrosome
B) the head
C) the midpiece
D) the tail
E) the flagellum

Question 72

What is the time frame associated with the entry of sperm into the vagina and possible fertilization of the secondary oocyte?

A) from a few days before to a few days after ovulation
B) a few days before ovulation only
C) a few days after ovulation only
D) a week after ovulation
E) a week before ovulation

Question 73

Testosterone does all of the following EXCEPT

A) stimulates sperm production.
B) promotes the normal development and maintenance of sexual behavior.
C) is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics.
D) is responsible for the development of the male genitalia.
E) inhibits sexual desire in males.

Question 74

In order for a sperm to be able to fertilize an oocyte, it must undergo

A) activation.
B) capacitation.
C) insemination.
D) ejaculation.
E) conflagration.

Question 75

Sexual intercourse is technically referred to as

A) erection.
B) coitus.
C) orgasm.
D) fertilization.
E) menarche.

Question 76

The union of egg and sperm is called

A) erection.
B) coitus.
C) orgasm.
D) fertilization.
E) menarche.

Question 77

All but which of the following are the products of meiosis?

A) male gametes
B) spermatids
C) sperm
D) secondary spermatocytes
E) spermatogonia

Question 78

An erection is brought about by

A) stimulation of the glans penis.
B) vasodilation of blood vessels leading into the penis.
C) the collecting of blood in the spongy tissue.
D) blood flowing into the spongy tissue faster than it flows out.
E) all of these.

Question 79

Orgasm is necessary for

A) ejaculation of semen.
B) pregnancy.
C) erection.
D) sexual arousal.
E) implantation.

Question 80

The first cell of a new individual is the

A) sperm.
B) ovum.
C) zygote.
D) stem cell.
E) gamete.