Deck 1: Juvenile Justice: Definitions, Measurement and Process

Question 1

The approach that places those who are abused and neglected, those who commit status offenses, and those who are delinquents into the same judicial system.

A) universal justice
B) restorative justice
C) one-pot approach
D) retributive approach

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The first juvenile court was established in:

A) 1899
B) 1910
C) 1818
D) 1925

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An act that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult is called:

A) juvenile classification
B) status offense
C) delinquency
D) adjudication

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The view that justice involves four parties, offender and victim, government and community, is called:

A) restorative justice
B) universal justice
C) particular justice
D) retributive justice

Question 5

Retributive justice:

A) is applied in juvenile courts when victims retrieve actual items that have been stolen
B) is when there is a retrial in juvenile court
C) is seldom used except in cases involving misdemeanors
D) is when revenge is sought for behavior that is unlawful

Question 6

Holding offenders accountable to the victim refers to:

A) retributive justice
B) distributive justice
C) restorative justice
D) universal justice

Question 7

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS):

A) focuses on arrests of offenders
B) collects data on crimes against individuals and households
C) measures violent and property crimes
D) allows youth to personally reveal information about their violation(s) of the law

Question 8

The dark figure of crime is centered on which one of the following:

A) crimes that only occur at night
B) true number of crimes
C) only refers to UCR Index I offenses
D) white collar crimes

Question 9

Information and statistics collected by the police, courts and/or correctional agencies is called:

A) unofficial data
B) official data
C) self-report data
D) jurisdiction report data

Question 10

The philosophy that the government becomes responsible for the care of children and youth is known as:

A) the child saver concept
B) juvenile justice system
C) lex talionis
D) parens patriae

Question 11

Self-report studies on delinquency indicate that:

A) delinquency is regional
B) delinquency is higher in southern states
C) delinquency is almost universal
D) delinquency is higher in urban areas

Question 12

Which of the following is intended as a supplement or replacement for the summary data of the UCR?

A) NIBRS
B) NCVS
C) YRBSS
D) NCVJ

Question 13

Restorative justice:

A) holds offenders accountable to the state
B) is a means of restoring physical and emotional health in community hospitals
C) stresses that offenders must actively contribute to repair harm they have done to victims and communities
D) focuses on refurbishing jails rather than building new facilities

Question 14

Which of the following is characteristic of a state executive agency having across-the-board state control of services?

A) decentralized states
B) organization and administration
C) centralized states
D) structure of delinquency services

Question 15

The age at which a youth comes under the juvenile court's jurisdiction is established by:

A) the United States Department of Justice
B) the FBI
C) each state
D) District Courts

Question 16

The three basic components of the juvenile justice system are:

A) law enforcement, social services, and corrections
B) law enforcements, courts, and school
C) law enforcement, courts, and corrections
D) law enforcement, social services, and courts

Question 17

All of the following are status offenses except:

A) curfew violations
B) smoking cigarettes
C) car theft
D) chronic truancy

Question 18

When a potentially delinquent youth is sent forward for legal processing and is received by a juvenile or family court or juvenile intake agency, it is known as:

A) arrest
B) adjudication
C) referral
D) intake

Question 19

The official halting of formal juvenile proceedings against an alleged offender and the referral to a treatment or care program by a private or public service agency is known as:

A) petitioning
B) diversion
C) detention
D) intake

Question 20

The action involving juveniles that is comparable to the preliminary hearing in the adult system is called:

A) dispositional hearing
B) probation hearing
C) adjudication hearing
D) transfer to adult court

Question 21

Terminology of the contemporary juvenile justice system emphasizes:

A) medical diagnoses whenever possible to support verdicts
B) labels to facilitate appropriate placement
C) protecting youth from harmful labels and stigmatizing effects
D) verbiage such as "juvenile criminal" rather than "delinquent"

Question 22

The Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitor the following categories of priority health risk behaviors among youth and young adults EXCEPT:

A) tobacco use
B) unhealthy dietary behaviors
C) physical inactivity
D) inappropriate social media use

Question 23

________________ is information and statistics collected by the police, courts and corrections agencies on the local, regional and national levels.

Question 24

Researchers commonly use three methods to measure the nature and extent of unlawful acts by juveniles:  ___________, _______________, and _______________.

Question 25

A _______________ is a youth who commits an act that would be a crime were it to be committed by an adult.

Question 26

Two of the most frequently consulted official sources of crime data are those compiled by:

A) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
B) National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
C) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
D) Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)

Question 27

Historically the juvenile justice system strives to be all of the following except:

A) informal
B) private
C) adversarial
D) rehabilitative

Question 28

The underlying premise of the first juvenile court was the responsibility of the __________ to protect its youth.

Question 29

According to self-report records, delinquency is:

A) more common among the wealthy
B) almost universal when drugs are involved
C) typically not acknowledged by youth
D) prevalent only in isolated sectors of society

Question 30

The term referring to a difference, but not necessarily involving discrimination is:

A) distinction
B) differentiation
C) dissention
D) disparity

Question 31

____________ focuses on repairing the harm done to victims and to the community and stresses that offenders must contribute to the repair.

Question 32

__________refers to a difference, but not necessarily involving discrimination.

Question 33

The three methods to measure the nature and extent of unlawful acts by juveniles include all but the following EXCEPT:

A) official data
B) self report data
C) victim survey
D) unofficial data

Question 34

The most commonly recognized oldest age for juvenile court jurisdiction in delinquency matters is _____.

Question 35

The FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR):

A) measures violent and property crimes
B) includes information from victims
C) is a true indicator of the degree of criminality
D) is not available to the public

Question 36

Seeking revenge for unlawful behavior is referred to as ____________.

Question 37

An act that would not be considered a crime if committed by an adult is called a ________________.

Question 38

The ______________ places those who are abused and neglected, those who commit status offenses, and those who are delinquents into the same judicial system.

Question 39

An example of a conservative approach to juvenile justice would be:

A) the use of imprisonment to control crime
B) rehabilitation to prevent crime
C) consistent community service as a consequence of crime
D) counseling services as a form of rehabilitation

Question 40

The UCR Index I offense list does not include:

A) arson
B) rape
C) embezzlement
D) murder

Question 41

The National Crime Victimization Survey collects data on crimes against individuals and households, regardless of whether they were reported to law enforcement.

Question 42

Retributive justice is synonymous with the ancient concept of an 'eye for an eye.'

Question 43

State legislatures can extend the duration of time the juvenile court has jurisdiction over youth for disposition purposes, if doing so is in the best interests of the juveniles and the state.

Question 44

Disparity refers to a difference, but not necessarily involving discrimination.

Question 45

Self-report data reveals the same prevalence and frequency of offending as do court records.

Question 46

According to self-report studies, delinquency is almost universal.

Question 47

The true number of crimes, called the ______________, is unknown and may be substantially greater than official data indicate.

Question 48

Skipping school is an example of a status offense.

Question 49

The terminology used in the juvenile justice system emphasizes the importance of protecting youth from __________________.

Question 50

Restorative justice can only be traced back as far as the middle ages.

Question 51

The secure placement of a youth into a facility at some point during court processing of their case is referred to as _________________.

Question 52

Crime statistics are often close to media depictions of crime and delinquency.

Question 53

Legal factors include race, ethnicity, gender, social class and lifestyle.

Question 54

The first juvenile court was established in 1899.

Question 55

The juvenile justice system is a complex combination of three major components, _____________, ________________, and ______________.

Question 56

The UCR captures crimes reported to law enforcement including simple assaults.

Question 57

________________ are characterized by a state executive agency having across-the-board state control of juvenile services.

Question 58

There is one federally mandated system of juvenile justice.

Question 59

The youngest age for juvenile court jurisdiction in delinquency matters ranges from age 8 to age 12.

Question 60

The media, in most states, cannot access juvenile offenders' identities.

Question 61

Group homes, shelter homes, and mental health treatment facilities are considered as confinement.

Question 62

Historically, the juvenile justice system stressed punishment of youth.

Question 63

Compare and contrast discrimination and disparity. Provide examples of each.

Question 64

Discuss juvenile self-report surveys, compare them to official statistics.

Question 65

Commitment in the juvenile system is comparable to a sentence of incarceration in the adult system.

Question 66

An adjudication hearing is comparable to the preliminary hearing in the adult system.

Question 67

Compare and contrast the UCR and NCVS.

Question 68

Differentiate between restorative justice and retributive justice.  Provide examples.

Question 69

Youth are not arrested; they are taken into custody.

Question 70

Discuss the UCR and its relationship to juvenile delinquency.