Deck 7: Youth Gangs

Question 1

According to the text, the most effective approach to deal with gang problems is:

A) law enforcement
B) a combination of strategies
C) social intervention
D) opportunities provision

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Contemporary gangs are:

A) more diverse, more dispersed, and more dangerous than gangs of the past
B) more financially independent than gangs of the past
C) more intimidating than gangs of the past
D) more likely to be comprised of the mentally ill than gangs of the past

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Criminologists have classified gangs as:

A) cultural and instrumental
B) active and proactive
C) civil and criminal
D) social and psychological

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Operation Ceasefire was implemented by _________________ police department.

A) New York
B) Chicago
C) Boston
D) Los Angeles

Question 5

The main purpose of instrumental gangs is _______________

A) Criminal activity
B) Social activities
C) Bond with neighboring gangs
D) Interact with law enforcement

Question 6

Gangs will defend their _______________ at all costs.

A) Female companions
B) Signs
C) Turf
D) Street names

Question 7

Respect is demonstrated as the highest value in gangs when members do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) show respect for rival gang members
B) are demanded to show respect within their gang
C) are retaliated upon when they disrespect their own gang leaders
D) are retaliated upon when they do not support their fellow gang members

Question 8

What percentage of gang membership is under 18?

A) 25
B) 55
C) 40
D) 60

Question 9

When joining a gang, a youth is most probably seeking all of the following EXCEPT:

A) recreation
B) how to get a tattoo
C) a sense of belonging and importance
D) emotional and psychological support

Question 10

A street gang is defined as all EXCEPT:

A) a group of individuals who have identifiable leadership
B) a group of individuals who claim control of a specific territory
C) a group of individuals who engage in criminal activity
D) a group of individuals who create individual intimidation

Question 11

Youth gangs acquire their power in the community through:

A) graffiti
B) violent behavior
C) stealing
D) drug trafficking

Question 12

Family structure and influence impacts:

A) gang activity
B) machismo
C) restored justice
D) balanced intentions

Question 13

The most common gangs are:

A) "traditional"
B) "nontraditional"
C) "compressed"
D) "collective"

Question 14

Gangs offer their members all of the following benefits EXCEPT:

A) sense of belonging and importance
B) protection from other youth
C) educational influence
D) financial power

Question 15

The Eurogang Program defines street gangs as:

A) any durable, street-oriented youth group whose own identity includes involvement in illegal activity
B) a group of individuals who are social predators
C) a group of youth who are not accountable
D) any durable, street-oriented youth and adult group whose own identity includes involvement in illegal activity

Question 16

Cultural gangs are ____________ centered

A) Ethnicity
B) Neighborhood
C) Drug use
D) Violent crime

Question 17

Young women generally:

A) join gangs to protect their families
B) are not actively involved in gangs
C) take on satellite or auxiliary roles in predominantly male gangs
D) young women are hesitant to become involved in gangs

Question 18

All of the following are very important in the gang culture, EXCEPT:

A) names and symbols
B) clothing and tattoos
C) independent thinking
D) hand signals and graffiti

Question 19

Indicators of youth gang activity include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) graffiti and drugs
B) intimidation
C) drive-by shootings and murders
D) graduation statistics

Question 20

Most youth gangs are:

A) Well organized
B) Short lived and little threat to the public
C) Highly profitable due to their criminal activities
D) Sophisticated in applying technology

Question 21

Gang affiliation may be verified in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) body tattoos of gang symbols
B) jewelry or apparel associated with gangs
C) vocabulary and use of monikers
D) height and weight

Question 22

A form of visual vandalism whose dominant impression includes words is termed:

A) representing
B) graffiti
C) streaming
D) tagging

Question 23

According to the ___________________ crime model, graffiti is a foothold crime leading to a neighborhood's decay.

Question 24

In the U.S., currently there are an estimated:

A) 30,000 gangs
B) 50,000 gangs
C) 100,000 gangs
D) 10,000 gangs

Question 25

Research has shown that ________________ engage in significantly more criminal behavior than members of delinquent groups.

Question 26

Most youth gangs have the following characteristics:

A) Loosely organized
B) Short-lived
C) Violent in action
D) Pose little threat to public safety

Question 27

_________________ is a Latin-American gang.

Question 28

A ____________ is a court order prohibiting some activity such as loitering in a specific location.

Question 29

_________________gangs are formed for the express purpose of criminal activity, primarily drug trafficking.

Question 30

According to Delaney (2006) other setting variables are ________ , EXCEPT:

A) School
B) Street
C) Prison
D) Motorcycle

Question 31

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Comprehensive Gang model is based on the following strategies EXCEPT:

A) Community immobilization
B) Opportunities provision
C) Social Intervention
D) Suppression and organizational change and development

Question 32

It is not unheard of for girls to slide into gang involvement by the age of _______.

A) 16
B) 8
C) 12
D) 14

Question 33

Research indicates that juvenile justice intervention increases subsequent gang involvement and delinquency, consistent with ___________ theory.

Question 34

Gangs engaging in drug trafficking are known  as _______________________ gangs.

Question 35

___________________ gangs manifest a narrow pattern of criminal behavior.

Question 36

In jurisdictions reporting a "late onset" of gang activity, which racial group was found to be largest?

A) African Americans
B) Caucasians
C) Asians
D) Hispanics

Question 37

In the past females have been "auxiliary" members of gangs

Question 38

Most gang membership consists of :

A) leaders, hard-core members and fringe members
B) leaders and regular gang members
C) leaders, hard-core members, regular members, and fringe members
D) leaders and hard-core gang members

Question 39

Injunctions may be challenged as ________________ if they do not clearly delineate how officers may apply such orders.

Question 40

Youth gang prevention efforts include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Participating in community awareness campaigns
B) Sponsoring parties and social events
C) Organizing athletic events with teams of law enforcement officers and gang members
D) Making presentations about gangs to schools and community groups.

Question 41

Graffiti has been called the "newspaper of the street" for gangs.

Question 42

A street culture has been created among young African-American men in which serving time in prison is _____________.

Question 43

Suppression tactics by law enforcement include street sweeps and intensified surveillance.

Question 44

By the end of the twentieth century, gangs had proliferated in nearly _____________ geographic areas of the United States.

Question 45

Many gangs include both juvenile and young adult members.

Question 46

In the U.S., belonging to a gang is illegal.

Question 47

The remote nature of many Native American reservations make youths in these environments particularly vulnerable to gangs.

Question 48

The ________ is an example of a Caucasian gang.

Question 49

Contemporary gangs are more diverse and more dangerous than gangs of the past.

Question 50

A key issue in combating youth gangs hinges on how they are defined.

Question 51

According to Thrasher (1927) gangs created a social order where none existed.

Question 52

Schools are a prime recruiting ground for gangs.

Question 53

Instrumental gangs are neighborhood centered and exist independently of criminal activity.

Question 54

An impediment to obtaining information on youth gang membership is the ______________, since the records of juveniles are often sealed.

Question 55

The banding together of several small groups, some of them rivals, into one larger gang are known as __________________ gangs.

Question 56

According to Delaney (2006) prison is another setting for gang activity.

Question 57

Graffiti is an important part of the Asian gang traditions.

Question 58

Gangs range in size from 3-5 and up to thousands of members.

Question 59

Many gangs employ initiation rituals, often involving one or more criminal acts, as a prerequisite to membership.

Question 60

Most researchers believe that  females comprise about 8-30% of the gang membership.

Question 61

Many members of modern adolescent gangs are "good kids" from respectable families and college-educated parents.

Question 62

Identify and explain various juvenile justice responses to the youth gang problem.

Question 63

What population is at the greatest risk of becoming victims of gang violence and why?

Question 64

The justice system should view gangs as criminal organizations and capitalize on laws against organized crime.

Question 65

Compare and contrast male and female gang members.

Question 66

Discuss the family and school risk factors for gang involvement.

Question 67

Research indicates that in most instances, adolescents can refuse to join gangs without reprisal.

Question 68

Discuss the relationship between delinquency and gang involvement and whether gang membership causes delinquency (or vice versa).  Include the models described in the text.

Question 69

Any sign of disrespect shown toward a gang or gang member will result in retaliation.

Question 70

A family containing gang members is quite often a racial minority and on some form of government assistance.