Deck 12: Plant Growth, Structure, and Function

Question 1

The storage of energy and water in a plant involves

A) leaves.
B) roots.
C) stems.
D) More than one of these answers is correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In photosynthesis, water + __________ = sugars.

A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen gas
C) oxygen
D) both carbon dioxide and oxygen

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Woody plants that do not consist of a large main trunk are called

A) grasses.
B) shrubs.
C) succulents.
D) trees.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The annual growth rings seen in trees are made up of

A) apical meristem.
B) cork cambium.
C) vascular cambium.
D) both apical meristem and cork cambium.

Question 5

Which of the following would not be found in both plant and animal cells?

A) microtubules
B) a nucleus
C) a plasma membrane
D) plastids

Question 6

Which of the following tissues contain dead cells at maturity?

A) cork
B) epidermis
C) parenchyma
D) phloem

Question 7

Which of the following is not classified as a herbaceous plant?

A) cacti
B) corn
C) fern
D) lady slipper

Question 8

The reproductive growth stage of a biennial involves production of each of the following EXCEPT

A) flowers.
B) fruits.
C) seeds.
D) shoots.

Question 9

Turgor pressure involves

A) cell division.
B) cell expansion.
C) differentiation.
D) mitosis.

Question 10

A plant that flowers in the second year of life is a(n)

A) annual.
B) biennial.
C) perennial.
D) annual or biennial.

Question 11

In a ripening banana, __________ change to __________.

A) chloroplasts; chromoplasts
B) chloroplasts; leucoplasts
C) chromoplasts; chloroplasts
D) chromoplasts; leucoplasts

Question 12

The tissue that allows the plant to grow in length is the

A) apical meristem.
B) cork cambium.
C) root meristem.
D) vascular cambium.

Question 13

_______________ describe(s) the ability of a plant to grow throughout its life.

A) Determinate growth
B) Indeterminate growth
C) Both determinate and indeterminate growth
D) Neither determinate nor indeterminate growth

Question 14

Starch is stored in

A) chloroplasts.
B) chromoplasts.
C) leucoplasts.
D) central vacuoles.

Question 15

In a plant, the exchange of gases with the environment involves

A) leaves.
B) roots.
C) stems.
D) all of these

Question 16

Caffeine from the coffee plant is stored in

A) central vacuoles.
B) chloroplasts.
C) chromoplasts.
D) leucoplasts.

Question 17

The component of a plant cell that stores energy is the __________.

A) central vacuole
B) chloroplasts
C) chromoplasts
D) leucoplasts

Question 18

In mitosis, the chromosomes move to opposite poles during

A) anaphase.
B) metaphase.
C) prophase.
D) telophase.

Question 19

Which two types of tissue are responsible for rigid support in a plant?

A) cork and fibers
B) phloem and fibers
C) phloem and xylem
D) xylem and fibers

Question 20

Which of the following are not present in plant cells?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi complex
C) lysosomes
D) mitochondria

Question 21

Nicotine and morphine are classified as

A) alkaloids.
B) cyanogens.
C) plant pigments.
D) terpenoids.

Question 22

An advantage of conifer needles is

A) a decreased rate of photosynthesis.
B) an increased rate of photosynthesis.
C) that they are shed annually.
D) water conservation.

Question 23

The most prominent tissue in the stems of herbaceous plants is

A) epidermis.
B) parenchyma.
C) phloem.
D) xylem.

Question 24

The middle layer of the leaf is composed of the

A) lower epidermis.
B) mesophyll.
C) upper epidermis.
D) waxy layer.

Question 25

The middle man of the plant's storage and distribution systems is the

A) fruit.
B) leaves.
C) roots.
D) stems.

Question 26

Root hairs absorb _____ percent of the plant's water supply.

A) 10
B) 50
C) 90
D) 100

Question 27

The guard cells surrounding a stomata respond to changes in the environment, such as

A) humidity.
B) light.
C) wind.
D) all of these

Question 28

The part of the onion that we consume is actually

A) a taproot.
B) fibrous roots.
C) underground leaves.
D) underground stems.

Question 29

In woody plants, phloem is found in the

A) annual rings.
B) inner bark region.
C) outer bark region.
D) parenchyma.

Question 30

Grasses develop

A) a taproot.
B) fibrous roots.
C) no root cap.
D) no root hairs.

Question 31

The first line of defense in a herbaceous plant is the

A) cork.
B) epidermis.
C) parenchyma.
D) phloem.

Question 32

Underground stems are called __________, and they may store __________.

A) taproots; starch
B) taproots; toxins
C) tubers; starch
D) tubers; toxins

Question 33

The growth ring of a tree is actually composed of

A) epidermis.
B) parenchyma.
C) phloem.
D) xylem.

Question 34

Which type of tissue performs photosynthesis in leaves?

A) cork
B) epidermis
C) parenchyma
D) phloem

Question 35

The tissue located between the cortex and the vascular cylinder in a root is called the

A) endodermis.
B) epidermis.
C) meristem.
D) parenchyma.

Question 36

The outer bark of a woody stem is produced by

A) cork cambium.
B) inner bark.
C) parenchyma.
D) vascular cambium.

Question 37

Approximately _____ percent of a leaf is composed of air spaces.

A) 25
B) 33
C) 50
D) 75

Question 38

After water enters a root hair, it passes to the __________ region next.

A) cortex
B) endodermis
C) vascular cylinder
D) xylem

Question 39

A plant tissue that protects against water loss is the

A) epidermis.
B) fibers.
C) parenchyma.
D) xylem.

Question 40

Many spices are classified as

A) alkaloids.
B) cyanogens.
C) plant pigments.
D) terpenoids.

Question 41

The study of dendrochronology allows scientists to attempt to correlate environmental influences with the production of tree rings. Below is some data relating to the width of each ring in a sample oak tree. We will assume that one ring is produced each year. The rings are labeled #1-4, with the ring just below the bark representing the growth from 2012. Drawing a diagram or chart may help you to visualize the position of these rings. #1 = 2.7 mm #2 = 1.03 mm #3 = 3.8 mm #4 = 1.88 mm In which year other than 2011 did the conditions not seem conducive to a rapid growth rate?

A) 2009
B) 2010
C) 2011
D) 2012

Question 42

Annuals are never

A) grasses.
B) herbaceous plants.
C) herbs.
D) woody plants.

Question 43

If I wanted to sample some rapidly dividing cells in a plant, a good choice would be __________.

A) cells making up fibers
B) cells making up wood
C) guard cells
D) root tip cells

Question 44

If a mitotic poison is administered to the cells of the apical meristem, this substance would freeze all the cells at the metaphase portion of mitosis. What would you then expect to happen?

A) Accelerated growth would occur.
B) No growth would occur.
C) There would be no change in the growth rate.
D) The growth rate would depend on environmental conditions.

Question 45

Chapter 12 includes a discussion of the various defense mechanisms utilized by plants. Onion plants have developed several creative means of discouraging their consumption by herbivores. The cells of the edible portion of the onion contain several different substances: alliinase (an enzyme) and sulfur compounds derived from the soil. When the cells of the onion are ruptured (as when they are bitten into by an animal), the substances combine. From your knowledge of onions, how would the new substance created by this combination deter its future consumption?

Question 46

Why would it be better to transplant a plant with a ball of soil surrounding its roots?

A) The root hairs will remain intact.
B) The nutrients will not escape from the roots.
C) The plant is used to that particular soil.
D) The weight of the soil helps the plant.

Question 47

What is the function of lignin in a plant cell?

A) area for gas exchange
B) growth
C) support
D) water conservation

Question 48

Which of the following are present in plant cells, but not animal cells?

A) cell walls, central vacuole, plastids
B) cell walls, central vacuole, mitochondria
C) central vacuole, lysosomes, mitochondria
D) plastids, cell walls, Golgi complex

Question 49

The yellow or orange coloration of some plants is due to pigments stored in

A) central vacuoles.
B) chloroplasts.
C) chromoplasts.
D) leucoplasts.

Question 50

Boston ivy is able to climb up buildings due to its

A) cork cambium.
B) fibrous roots.
C) sticky pads.
D) vascular cambium.

Question 51

Photosynthesis occurs in

A) leaves.
B) roots.
C) stems.
D) More than one of these answers is correct.

Question 52

The study of dendrochronology allows scientists to attempt to correlate environmental influences with the production of tree rings. Below is some data relating to the width of each ring in a sample oak tree. We will assume that one ring is produced each year. The rings are labeled #1-4, with the ring just below the bark representing the growth from 2012. Drawing a diagram or chart may help you to visualize the position of these rings. #1 = 2.7 mm #2 = 1.03 mm #3 = 3.8 mm #4 = 1.88 mm In which year does it appear that the climate was most conducive to growth?

A) 2009
B) 2010
C) 2011
D) 2012

Question 53

The study of dendrochronology allows scientists to attempt to correlate environmental influences with the production of tree rings. Below is some data relating to the width of each ring in a sample oak tree. We will assume that one ring is produced each year. The rings are labeled #1-4, with the ring just below the bark representing the growth from 2012. Drawing a diagram or chart may help you to visualize the position of these rings. #1 = 2.7 mm #2 = 1.03 mm #3 = 3.8 mm #4 = 1.88 mm In one of these years, there was a drought. Which year does it appear to be?

A) 2009
B) 2010
C) 2011
D) 2012

Question 54

Florists often create brightly colored flowers by immersing the stems in colored water. Which cells are primarily responsible for this color change?

A) phloem
B) xylem
C) xylem and phloem
D) neither xylem nor phloem

Question 55

Look at the Venn diagram below. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) All grasses are herbaceous plants.
B) All shrubs are biennials.
C) All trees are woody plants.
D) Wildflowers may be annuals, biennials, or perennials.