Deck 18: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

Assuming a widow's peak is a dominant trait, the father would be __________.

A) homozygous recessive
B) homozygous dominant
C) heterozygous dominant
D) heterozygous recessive

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. A woman has six fingers, but one of her parents has five fingers. She marries a man who has five fingers. What is the probability that they will have a child who has five fingers?

A) 0 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 100 percent

Answer 2

C

Question 3

__________ are the functional units of heredity, and they code for specific __________.

A) DNA; genes
B) Genes; proteins
C) Proteins; genes
D) Nucleotides; DNA

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. If a person has six fingers, her genotype is _____.

A) ff
B) Ff
C) FF
D) Ff or FF

Question 5

The common ancestor of orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans existed approximately _____ million years ago.

A) 16
B) 13
C) 18
D) 7

Question 6

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. A woman has six fingers, but one of her parents has five fingers. She marries a man who has five fingers. What is the probability that they will have a child who is homozygous dominant for this trait?

A) 0 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 100 percent

Question 7

__________ code(s) for a specific trait, but there may be different versions of the trait called __________.

A) Genes; alleles
B) Alleles; DNA
C) DNA; genes
D) Genes; DNA

Question 8

Assuming a cleft chin is dominant, the father's genotype would be __________.

A) Cc
B) CC
C) cc
D) either Cc or cc

Question 9

This figure shows chromosomes lined up at the equator of the cell. Which stage of division does this represent?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis I
C) meiosis II
D) either mitosis or meiosis

Question 10

Which of the following is most closely related to chimpanzees and humans?

A) gorillas
B) orangutans
C) all apes
D) gibbons

Question 11

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. A woman has six fingers, but one of her parents has five fingers. She marries a man who has five fingers. Which of the following represents gametes that could be produced by the woman?

A) Ff
B) f
C) F
D) both F and f

Question 12

Green seed color is dominant over yellow seed color. If a plant produces gametes with only yellow seed color, which of the following must be true?

A) Both parents were homozygous recessive for this trait.
B) Both parents carried the recessive trait.
C) One parent was homozygous recessive, and the other was homozygous dominant.
D) Both parents were homozygous dominant for this trait.

Question 13

The diploid number for this cell is __________.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 2n

Question 14

All of the following are true about this image EXCEPT:

A) DNA replication has occurred.
B) One pair of homologous chromosomes is present.
C) The trait represented is heterozygous.
D) The genotype is either pp or PP .

Question 15

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. If a person has five fingers, his genotype is _____.

A) ff
B) Ff
C) FF
D) Ff or ff

Question 16

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. The majority of the human population is __________ for this trait.

A) homozygous recessive
B) homozygous dominant
C) heterozygous
D) codominant

Question 17

If this is a cell in your body where the letter "P" represents some trait,

A) P came from one parent and p from another parent.
B) both alleles came from one parent.
C) P came from your father and p from your mother.
D) four different alleles are represented.

Question 18

What was the major contribution of Gregor Mendel?

A) He coined the term genes.
B) He provided evidence for how traits are inherited.
C) He described how genes code for particular proteins.
D) He explained the central role of proteins in the expression of traits.

Question 19

Green seed color is dominant over yellow seed color. What is the genotype of a plant that produces gametes with yellow seed color?

A) Gg
B) gg
C) g
D) yellow

Question 20

The gene that codes for the number of fingers on the human hand has two alleles-five fingers and six fingers. The letters F and f are used to represent this trait. Having five fingers is the recessive trait. A woman has six fingers, but one of her parents has five fingers. What is the genotype of the woman?

A) Ff
B) ff
C) FF
D) either FF or ff

Question 21

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. In producing the protein dystrophin, DNA is __________ to RNA and then __________ to a protein in the cytoplasm of the cell.

A) transcribed; translated
B) translated; transcribed

Question 22

Some chickens have a dominant frizzle gene that leads to the development of feathers that curl outward rather than lying flat against their bodies as in standard chickens. Aside from these "frizzled feathers," chickens with this dominant allele also tend to have higher metabolic rates and produce fewer eggs than chickens that carry the recessive version of this gene. Thus, this gene exhibits __________.

A) pleiotropy
B) polygenic inheritance
C) incomplete dominance
D) codominance

Question 23

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. The protein dystrophin is produced ____________________.

A) at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
B) in the nucleus of the cell
C) in the Golgi complex of the cell
D) in lysosomes

Question 24

A woman is colorblind. What do you know about her parents?

A) Her mother must be colorblind.
B) Her father must be colorblind.
C) Only one of her parents is a carrier of the colorblind trait.
D) Both her parents must be colorblind.

Question 25

Reduced health and vigor as a result of breeding related individuals is called __________.

A) inbreeding depression
B) breeding depression
C) inbreeding repression
D) breeding repression

Question 26

If a particular trait has three phenotypes and one phenotype represents an intermediate, this trait displays __________.

A) incomplete dominance
B) codominance
C) recessive alleles
D) dominant alleles

Question 27

Genes are expressed as functional and structural __________.

A) nucleic acids
B) forms of energy
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 28

Traits such as weight and height that tend to vary along a continuum are typically __________.

A) polygenic
B) pleiotropic
C) incomplete
D) codominant

Question 29

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. Bone and adipose are examples of __________.

A) connective tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) organ systems
D) cell types

Question 30

Joshua is colorblind, but neither of his parents are colorblind. Which of the following is the most likely scenario?

A) He is adopted.
B) His mother is a carrier for the colorblind trait.
C) His father is heterozygous for the colorblind trait.
D) His father must be colorblind.

Question 31

Use a Punnett square to determine how many different genotypes can be produced by two parents that are homozygous dominant (mother) and homozygous recessive (father) for a particular trait.

A) four
B) two
C) three
D) one

Question 32

A person with which of the following blood types is a universal donor who can donate blood to anyone with any other blood type?

A) O
B) AB
C) A
D) B

Question 33

Has this cell undergone meiosis?

A) yes, because there are no duplicated chromosomes
B) no, because homologous chromosomes are present
C) yes, because homologous chromosomes are not present
D) no, because the diploid number is 2

Question 34

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. The single gene mutation associated with DMD leads to various symptoms that include bone growth, muscles, and behaviors. This is an example of __________.

A) a polygenic trait
B) pleiotropy
C) gene manipulation
D) codominance

Question 35

Jack has type O blood and his mother has type A blood. His father could have any of the following blood types EXCEPT

A) A.
B) B.
C) AB.
D) O.

Question 36

Domestication results from __________ selection, rather than __________ selection.

A) natural; artificial
B) artificial; natural

Question 37

A Norfolk chicken has feathers that have an overall gray appearance, but if you look at an individual feather, it is either black or white. Feather color in these birds is expressed as __________.

A) codominance
B) incomplete dominance
C) sex-linked
D) pleiotropy

Question 38

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. For a girl to show symptoms of the disease, she must have _____ copies of the gene.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 39

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. The introduction mentions three out of four major tissue types found in animals. The tissue that is not mentioned is __________ tissue.

A) nervous
B) brain
C) blood
D) fat

Question 40

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. Who is more likely to suffer from DMD?

A) boys
B) girls

Question 41

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. A woman who is a carrier for DMD marries a man who does not have the disease. What is the probability that they will have a boy with DMD?

A) 0 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 100 percent

Question 42

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. A woman who is a carrier for DMD marries a man who does not have the disease. What is the probability that they will have a girl with DMD?

A) 0 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 100 percent

Question 43

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. Other types of muscular dystrophy arise due to mutations on chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. The common name for these other chromosomes is __________.

A) autotrophs
B) autosomes
C) pleiotrophs
D) heterotrophs

Question 44

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders that lead to increasing muscle cell loss and thus muscle weakness over time. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. Symptoms can vary, although all involve muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form that leads to muscle degeneration and death usually by age 25. Symptoms begin before age 5 and include low endurance and difficulties standing. As the condition progresses, muscle tissue is replaced with adipose and other types of connective tissue. Abnormal bone development and some neurobehavioral and learning disabilities may also occur. DMD occurs as a result of a mutation in a single gene on the X chromosome. This gene codes for a particular protein, dystrophin, which plays a major role in the structure of muscle cells. The protein formed by the mutated gene is nonfunctional, and the absence of a functional protein eventually leads to cell death. A young boy has DMD. What do you know about his parents?

A) Both of his parents are carriers of DMD.
B) At least one of his parents is a carrier of DMD.
C) His mother is a carrier of DMD.
D) His father is a carrier of DMD.