Deck 1: Biology: The Scientific Study of Life

Question 1

Sitting in the sun on a hot day, a dog starts to pant and finally gets up and moves into the shade. These activities help the dog maintain a constant body temperature; thus, this is an example of what process found in all living organism?

A) energy acquisition
B) reproduction
C) homeostasis
D) evolution

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An enzyme is what type of macromolecule?

A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) lipid
D) element

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Linda is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of her study in northern Texas, she observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. Her study encompasses _____ organisms and _____ population(s).

A) 508; 1
B) 3; 3
C) 508; 508
D) 508; 3
E) 3; 508

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of the following are characteristics shared by living organisms EXCEPT:

A) All are composed of cells.
B) All require energy.
C) All are consumers.
D) All reproduce.
E) All maintain some form of homeostasis.

Question 5

What is the significance of the fossil Archaeopteryx ?

A) It establishes the time sequence of the transition from dinosaur to birds.
B) The bones of this animal were the first to be used for radiometric dating, which allowed the absolute age of the fossil to be determined.
C) It was the first fossil discovered from which both physiological and anatomical data could be gathered.
D) It was the first reptile-bird fossil discovered and helped to establish the relationship between birds and dinosaurs.

Question 6

The tail shown in this figure is found in all embryonic vertebrates as a result of similar development patterns and indicates that they share a common ancestor. Based on this information, the particular trait (tail) is an example of

A) homology.
B) an adaptation.
C) natural selection.
D) fossil evidence.

Question 7

Global warming has led to less snow cover in some areas. Snow cover provides insulation for some burrowing, hibernating animals. In a population of rodents, some animals have slightly thicker fur, and animals with this trait are more likely to survive the winters with low snow cover and thus produce offspring in the spring. The thicker fur that is present in some animals in the population is an example of

A) an adaptation.
B) evolution.
C) natural selection.
D) homology.

Question 8

In this figure, which includes whales, their krill prey, and the ocean in which they live, what is the highest hierarchical level that is represented?

A) population
B) community
C) ecosystem
D) biosphere
E) organisms

Question 9

Global warming has led to less snow cover in some areas. Snow cover provides insulation for some burrowing, hibernating animals. In a population of rodents, some animals have slightly thicker fur, and animals with this trait are more likely to survive the winters with low snow cover and thus produce offspring in the spring. This scenario is an example of

A) an adaptation.
B) evolution.
C) natural selection.
D) homology.

Question 10

Archeologists digging through several layers of rock discover fossils in the different layers. Typically, the deeper the fossil layer, the older the specimen. This is an example of what type of dating?

A) relative dating
B) absolute dating
C) radiometric dating
D) geometric dating

Question 11

Which of the following describes an organ?

A) groups of similar cells that perform specialized functions
B) composed of at least two types of tissues
C) structure that contains DNA
D) a thin bilayer that separates individual cells

Question 12

Global warming has led to less snow cover in some areas. Snow cover provides insulation for some burrowing, hibernating animals. In a population of rodents, some animals have slightly thicker fur, and animals with this trait are more likely to survive the winters with low snow cover and thus produce offspring in the spring. There are different versions of the gene that codes for fur thickness, one of which codes for thicker fur and another that codes for thinner fur. In 1995, about 50 percent of the animals had thicker fur, and the other 50 percent had thinner fur. In the spring of 2012, after several years of low snow cover, 70 percent of the population had thicker fur, while only 30 percent had thinner fur. This change in the population is an example of

A) an adaptation.
B) evolution.
C) natural selection.
D) homology.

Question 13

In this figure, a portion of __________ (A) that codes for a specific __________ (D) is called a __________ (C).

A) protein; DNA; gene
B) DNA; gene; protein
C) gene; protein; DNA
D) DNA; protein; gene

Question 14

In this figure, (A) is a portion of a molecule of __________ that provides instructions in the form of __________ (C).

A) proteins; DNA
B) DNA; genes
C) genes; proteins
D) DNA; proteins

Question 15

Which of the following is(are) shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) cell wall
B) nucleus
C) cytoplasm
D) organ systems

Question 16

Some parasites, including tapeworms, are able to absorb all the nutrients they need to survive from their host and so have no digestive system. Ancestors of these tapeworms did have a digestive system, but over many generations, their genome has changed. This change in the genome is an example of

A) an adaptation.
B) evolution.
C) diversity.
D) homeostasis.

Question 17

All of the following are found in eukaryotic cells EXCEPT

A) a nucleus.
B) a mitochondrion.
C) a nucleoid.
D) ribosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following correctly lists the terms in hierarchical order from smallest to largest?

A) electron, atom, carbon element, water molecule, carbohydrate
B) atom, electron, carbohydrate, carbon element, water molecule
C) carbohydrate, carbon element, atom, water molecule, electron
D) water molecule, carbon element, electron, carbohydrate, atom

Question 19

Which of the following correctly lists the terms in hierarchical order from smallest to largest?

A) nucleotides, DNA, genes, proteins, genome
B) DNA, genes, proteins, genome, nucleotides
C) genome, genes, proteins, nucleotides, DNA
D) proteins, genes, genome, DNA, nucleotides
E) genes, genome, nucleotides, DNA, proteins

Question 20

Small animals such as insects and some lizards are able to "walk on water." This ability is due to the

A) strong bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms forming the water molecule.
B) attraction among different water molecules due to the unequal attraction of electrons of hydrogen and oxygen in individual water molecules.
C) bonds that form between two atoms that are oppositely charged.
D) strong bonds that form between water molecules due to sharing of electrons in the same orbit.

Question 22

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. In this study, which is the control group?

A) the honeybees that were anesthetized
B) the honeybees that were not anesthetized

Question 23

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. The genes that play a role in the biological clock code for what specific molecules?

A) nucleotides
B) tissues
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates
E) DNA

Question 24

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. The genes that play a role in the biological clock form part of gene storing structures in the nucleus known as

A) nucleotides.
B) chromosomes.
C) tissues.
D) proteins.

Question 25

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. Based on this study, which of the following is true?

A) The researchers have proven their theory.
B) The researchers have evidence to support their hypothesis.
C) The data from the experiment is inconclusive.
D) The researchers must run several more similar trials before their hypothesis is proven.

Question 26

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. The sugars that honeybees feed on are what type of macromolecules?

A) lipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Question 27

Which of the following are used to characterize the evolutionary relationship between organisms?

A) fossil evidence
B) developmental patterns
C) molecular data
D) observable characteristics
E) all of these

Question 28

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. Honeybees and the flowers they feed on are called __________, which are composed of large, complex cells with many specialized compartments.

A) prokaryotes
B) macromolecules
C) microbes
D) eukaryotes

Question 29

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. Honeybees must maintain specific temperatures to thrive. On hot days, the hive can quickly overheat, so some bees will stand near the entrance and fan their wings to provide cool air currents into the hive. In winter, honeybees cluster together in their hives and vibrate their wings in a form of shivering to generate heat and maintain the hive at a constant temperature. This heating and cooling is a form of

A) homeostasis.
B) evolution.
C) competition.
D) homology.

Question 30

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. Honeybees that feed on nectar are categorized as

A) producers.
B) consumers.
C) decomposers.
D) photosynthetic.

Question 32

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. Both honeybees and birds have wings for flight; thus, these structures are homologous in the two animal groups.

A) true, because the wings have a similar function and thus must be anatomically similar
B) false, because the wings look very different between the two groups
C) true, because all animals have a common ancestor
D) false, because birds and honeybees do not share a common ancestor from which this trait was derived

Question 33

Based on this diagram, which organisms evolved more recently?

A) humans and pigs
B) moths
C) tuna
D) yeast

Question 34

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. In a natural system, honeybees as well as the flowers they feed on and pollinate would be considered a(n)

A) ecosystem.
B) population.
C) community.
D) organ system.

Question 35

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. In this study, which is the experimental group?

A) the honeybees that were anesthetized
B) the honeybees that were not anesthetized

Question 36

A recent study of the effects of the general anesthetic isoflurane suggests that it has a direct impact on an organism's biological clock. This study focused on honeybees because their clock genes are similar to those found in mammals. Prior to the start of this study, bees were trained to fly to an artificial flower to obtain sugar water and then return to the hive. In this study, researchers caught the bees as they approached the artificial flower. Half of the bees were anesthetized, and the other half were contained and not allowed to return to the hive immediately. After six hours, when all the anesthetized bees had awoken, both groups of bees were released. Honeybees use the sun to navigate, and their biological clock allows them to correct for the time of day. The bees that were not anesthetized flew directly to the hive, making adjustments for the time of day. However, those that were anesthetized made adjustments as if the time were hours earlier and flew at the wrong angle. Doctors report that people often emerge from general anesthesia disoriented in time and may sleep fitfully for a while afterward. Based on the honeybee study, researchers are looking into ways to keep the internal clock ticking normally even during surgery. Which of the following is the best hypothesis for the honeybee study?

A) Honeybees navigate using the sun.
B) Patients undergoing anesthesia during surgery are often disoriented when they awaken.
C) Isoflurane interferes with the functioning of an organism's biological clock.
D) Both mammals and honeybees have biological clocks that are similar in function.

Question 37

What is the organism with the longest evolutionary history in this diagram?

A) human
B) pig
C) snake
D) yeast

Question 39

Based on this diagram, which of the following pairs are most closely related?

A) pig and duck
B) tuna and snake
C) duck and snake
D) moth and pig

Question 40

Based on this diagram, humans are not related to

A) yeast.
B) tuna.
C) moths.
D) Humans are related to all organisms in this diagram.