Deck 9: Impact of Fluids and Beverages on Nutritional Health

Question 1

Which of the following is correct concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight?

A) The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man.
B) The man has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the woman.
C) They have equal alcohol metabolizing abilities.
D) The differences in alcohol metabolism between men and women are not yet known.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The part of the brain that is the last to be put to sleep by the presence of alcohol is:

A) the cortex, which controls judgment and reasoning.
B) the part that controls muscle control.
C) the part that controls respiration and heartbeat.
D) the part that controls emotions.
E) It depends on which type of alcohol a person consumes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The largest percentage of a person's water output leaves the body through:

A) feces.
B) the skin as perspiration.
C) the lungs as breath exhaled.
D) the kidneys as urine.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Nearly all alcohol ingested is metabolized in the:

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) liver.
D) large intestine.
E) gallbladder.

Question 5

Which meal eaten with an alcoholic beverage would most likely slow down the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed?

A) Chicken noodle soup
B) Fresh fruit salad
C) Turkey sandwich on white bread
D) Cheeseburger and French fries

Question 6

When alcohol is consumed, it is mostly absorbed through the:

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) small intestine.
E) large intestine.

Question 7

All of the following are examples of alcohols except:

A) ethanol.
B) methanol.
C) isopropanol.
D) cellulose.

Question 8

If 5 ounces of wine has about 100 calories, how many pounds would you gain in one year if you drank this amount per day, in addition to consuming foods which met your energy needs?

A) 1 pound
B) 5 pounds
C) 10 pounds
D) 35 pounds

Question 9

Alcohol can be eliminated via:

A) sweat.
B) urine.
C) breath.
D) breast milk.
E) all of the above

Question 10

Since a woman will absorb more alcohol into her blood than a man of the same weight, one drink for a woman could have the same effect as _____ drinks for a man.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 11

All of the following can influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol except :

A) gender.
B) ethnicity.
C) the presence of food in the stomach.
D) the type of alcohol.

Question 12

Which of the following is not associated with long-term, moderate alcohol consumption?

A) Hepatitis
B) Breast cancer
C) Night blindness
D) Hair loss
E) Pancreatitis

Question 13

About 20% of alcohol is absorbed through the:

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) large intestine.
E) large intestine.

Question 14

Alcohol dehydrogenase mediates the conversion of alcohol to:

A) hydrogen peroxide.
B) hydrochloric acid.
C) acetaldehyde.
D) bile.

Question 15

All of the following are reasons why women are more susceptible to the deleterious effects of alcohol than men except :

A) women have less water in their bodies.
B) women have more alcohol dehydrogenase activity in their stomachs.
C) alcohol can disrupt or change a woman's menstrual cycle.
D) women absorb more alcohol into their bloodstream.

Question 16

Which of the following can occur as a result of drinking alcohol excessively on a regular basis?

A) Protein synthesis may be accelerated.
B) Stomach ulcers may develop.
C) Intestinal absorption of thiamin and folate increases.
D) Kidney excretion of calcium and magnesium declines.

Question 17

The liver can metabolize _____ ounce(s) of alcohol per hour.

A) 0.1
B) 0.25
C) 0.5
D) 1.0
E) 2.0

Question 18

One gram of alcohol supplies _____ calories.

A) 4
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11

Question 19

Which type of water is drawn from an underground source and contains at least 250 parts per million of dissolved solids?

A) Well water
B) Spring water
C) Mineral water
D) Distilled water

Question 20

Death occurs when blood alcohol levels reach:

A) 0.03.
B) 0.10.
C) 0.18.
D) 0.25.
E) > 0.50.

Question 21

Delirium tremens can occur when:

A) a person drinks more than he or she is used to.
B) a person experiences a hangover the day after binge drinking.
C) alcohol is removed from a chronic alcohol user and convulsions ensue.
D) an alcoholic drinks more than usual and passes out.

Question 22

All of the following are symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome except :

A) a thin upper lip.
B) normal learning ability.
C) small eyes with drooping upper lids.
D) delay in crawling and walking.

Question 23

Inflammation of the liver is known as:

A) cirrhosis.
B) pancreatitis.
C) hepatitis.
D) gastritis.

Question 24

The increased efficiency of removing high levels of alcohol from the blood due to long-term exposure is known as:

A) metabolic tolerance.
B) apparent tolerance.
C) functional tolerance.
D) imagined tolerance.

Question 25

The actual change in sensitivity to a drug is known as:

A) metabolic tolerance.
B) apparent tolerance.
C) functional tolerance.
D) imagined tolerance.

Question 26

Studies have shown that alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased incidence of heart disease. How do researchers explain this protective effect?
1) increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
2) increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
3) increased fat loss due to altered metabolism.
4) alcohol inhibiting blood clot formation.
5) decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

A) 1 and 3
B) 2 and 4
C) 3 and 5
D) 4 and 5

Question 27

Night blindness is a risk associated with even moderate drinking. Why is this?

A) Alcohol makes the eyelids droop.
B) Alcohol blocks the formation of retinal.
C) Alcohol makes the pupil of the eye very small.
D) Alcohol inhibits dehydrogenase enzymes in the eye.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a likely consequence of regular alcohol consumption?

A) Increased risk of liver damage if acetaminophen is taken after drinking
B) Increased testosterone production and fertility in men
C) Increased urination leading to dehydration
D) Increased risk of breast cancer

Question 29

Which water contaminant is not sensitive to chlorine and is a potential threat to people with weakened immune systems?

A) Escherichia coli
B) Cryptosporidium
C) Salmonella
D) Shigella

Question 30

Blood alcohol level is not affected by:

A) height.
B) weight.
C) skin color.
D) gender.

Question 31

All of the following occur when alcohol is consumed excessively on a regular basis except :

A) fat storage is less efficient.
B) protein synthesis slows down.
C) stomach cells become inflamed.
D) liver cells lose their efficiency in activating vitamin D.

Question 32

In most states, the legal limit for BAC for the driver of a car is _____.

A) 0.03
B) 0.08
C) 0.1
D) 0.15

Question 33

Lead in water is especially damaging to _____, in whom it can cause _____ damage.

A) the elderly; bone
B) teenagers; hearing
C) children; nerve
D) the elderly; skin

Question 34

How much alcohol consumption has been proven to be safe during pregnancy?

A) No amount of alcohol has been proven to be safe.
B) 1 glass of wine or beer per day has been proven to be harmless.
C) 2 glasses of wine or beers per day have been proven to be harmless.
D) No studies have been done regarding alcohol and pregnancy.

Question 35

Where will alcohol that is not immediately metabolized by the liver end up?

A) In the gallbladder
B) In the circulatory system
C) In the stomach
D) In the pancreas

Question 36

Long-term exposure to alcohol increases levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. What does this mean?

A) The person must drink more alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
B) The person can drink less alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
C) The person is less likely to become addicted.
D) The person is more likely to have a hangover.

Question 37

Which of the following is thought to be the main factor contributing to a hangover?

A) The large amount of fluid consumed
B) The lack of food consumed during the day
C) The dehydration from the alcohol consumed
D) The rise in blood pressure after drinking alcohol

Question 38

Joe weighs 180 pounds and drank 7 alcoholic drinks in one hour. What blood alcohol level can he expect?

A) 0.02
B) 0.17
C) 0.20
D) 0.10

Question 39

Jill finds out that she has soft water at her new house. This means that

A) her soap will lather better.
B) she will have a ring of mineral deposits on her bathtub.
C) crystals will form inside her teakettle.
D) her clothes won't get as clean.
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 40

Acetaldehyde affects red blood cells production by destroying vitamin _____.

A) B₁₂
B) C
C) D
D) B₆

Question 41

The arm of the U.S. government responsible for monitoring municipal water supplies is the _____.

A) USDA
B) FDA
C) EPA
D) Water is monitored individually by each county and is not regulated under federal guidelines.

Question 42

Which of the following beverages has the highest caffeine content?

A) Chocolate milk
B) Cola beverage
C) Brewed coffee
D) Brewed tea

Question 43

Maria is overweight and wants to lose 10 pounds. She is at a party and is deciding what to order at the bar. Which of the following has the fewest calories when mixed with liquor?

A) 8 oz. fruit juice
B) 8 oz. tonic water
C) 8 oz. club soda
D) 5 oz. red wine

Question 44

Mark visited a local café near work and was debating what to order. He was trying to cut down on caffeine but knew that in addition to coffee, soft drinks and tea also have caffeine in them. Which choice would provide the least caffeine for Mark?

A) 12-oz can of Mountain Dew soft drink
B) 8-oz cup of black tea, steeped for 3 minutes
C) 8-oz cup of instant coffee
D) 2-oz cup of espresso

Question 45

Which of the following statements about energy drinks is correct?

A) They are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
B) Using them during exercise may cause light-headedness and nausea.
C) Each drink contains only one type of stimulant to boost energy.
D) They help retain fluids.

Question 46

When combined with alcohol, which drug may lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure?

A) Antibiotics
B) Marijuana
C) Oral contraceptives
D) Antidepressants

Question 47

Which statement about bottled water is correct?

A) All bottled waters contain fluoride to prevent tooth decay.
B) Twenty-five to forty percent comes from the same municipal water supplies as tap water.
C) It meets higher standards than tap water.
D) It is better than tap water from a health standpoint.

Question 48

What ingredient found in energy drinks is chemically equivalent to caffeine?

A) Glutamic acid
B) Ginkgo biloba
C) Yohimbe
D) Guarana

Question 49

Which health benefit is not associated with consumption of coffee?

A) Less risk of type 2 diabetes
B) Less inflammation
C) Fewer strokes in men
D) Low blood pressure

Question 50

Which of the following is caused by caffeine consumption?

A) Heart disease
B) Birth defects
C) Cancer
D) High blood pressure
E) None of the above

Question 51

Tomas is at a fraternity party and his friends are drinking beer and also smoking marijuana. What interaction would this combination have?

A) It may prevent vomiting, which would increase the risk of alcohol poisoning.
B) It may increase the risk of liver damage.
C) It may increase the risk of nausea, vomiting, and convulsions.
D) It may increase the heart rate leading to increased risk of a heart attack.

Question 52

Put the following stages of the body's response to increasing alcohol consumption in the correct order from start to finish.

A) Euphoria, excitement, confusion, stupor, coma, death
B) Confusion, excitement, coma, euphoria, confusion, stupor, death
C) Excitement, euphoria, confusion, coma, stupor, death
D) Coma, confusion, euphoria, excitement, stupor, death

Question 53

If you choose to drink alcohol, all of the following are valid recommendations except :

A) do not drink if you may be pregnant.
B) restrict yourself to two drinks per hour.
C) restrict yourself to one drink a day if you are a woman.
D) restrict yourself to two drinks a day if you are a man.

Question 54

Consumption of which beverage is associated with a decrease in the plaque formation associated with Alzheimer's disease?

A) Coffee
B) Hot cocoa
C) Tea
D) Water
E) Pop or soda

Question 55

What should you look for in a sports drink?

A) Caffeine
B) No sodium
C) 6% carbohydrate in the form of glucose, sucrose, and fructose
D) Light carbonation

Question 56

Combining which drug with alcohol increases the risk of throat, mouth, and bladder cancers?

A) PCP
B) Heroin
C) Tobacco
D) Antihistamines

Question 57

Coffee drinkers seem to have a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, which may be due to the _____ found in the coffee.

A) antioxidants
B) vitamins
C) minerals
D) caffeine
E) herbs

Question 58

How many cups of coffee a day are associated with health benefits and little indication of health risks?

A) ¹/₂ to 1 cup
B) 3 to 4 cups
C) 5 to 6 cups
D) No amount of coffee is really healthy.

Question 59

Which of the following is a downside to fruit and vegetable juices?

A) They lack the fiber of whole fruit or vegetables.
B) They count toward the MyPlate recommended quantity.
C) They contain antioxidants.
D) They contain phytochemicals.

Question 60

Jill has decided to give up coffee cold turkey. She will most likely experience:

A) caffeine dependence syndrome.
B) headache.
C) fatigue.
D) all of the above

Question 61

Vignette #1 Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for one hour. Chris has had 3 beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed 2 drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.   How many drinks does Chris need to drink during the evening to constitute a "binge"?

A) At least 2
B) At least 3
C) At least 5
D) At least 7

Question 62

Vignette #2 Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages. Ben thinks his choice of a regular soft drink is the best because he spent the least amount of money on it. However, which may be a problem with consuming a lot of soft drinks?

A) The risk of type 2 diabetes increases.
B) The risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture increases.
C) The risk of consuming too much fluoride increases.
D) The risk of dental caries increases.
E) All may be a problem except for choice c.

Question 63

Vignette #2 Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages. Which of the following should not be in Joe's Gatorade, since this beverage is marketed as a sports drink? A) Sodium
B) A mixture of glucose, sucrose, and fructose
C) Fructose but no other sugars
D) Caffeine
E) a and b
F) c and d

Question 64

Milk is not a significant source of _____.

A) riboflavin
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin C
D) protein
E) potassium

Question 65

Soft water can add appreciable amounts of sodium to the diet.

Question 66

Alcohol _____ is considered to be alcohol ingestion without negative consequences.

A) abuse
B) dependency
C) use
D) addiction

Question 67

Vignette #1 Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for one hour. Chris has had 3 beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed 2 drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.   Chris argues that beer does not raise your blood alcohol level as much as hard liquor. Which of the following has more alcohol than 12 ounces of regular beer?

A) 5 ounces of wine
B) 1 ¹/₂ ounces of vodka
C) 1 ¹/₂ ounces of gin
D) 9 ³/₄ ounces of malt liquor
E) They all contain the same amount of alcohol.

Question 68

Vignette #1 Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for one hour. Chris has had 3 beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed 2 drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.   Will Chris be able to legally drive home in most states?

A) Yes
B) No
C) Not enough information is provided

Question 69

Vignette #1 Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for one hour. Chris has had 3 beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed 2 drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.   As they sit and talk, Chris begins to smoke a cigarette. Robert can't believe his friend has such poor judgment and says, "Chris, don't you know that drinking alcohol and smoking puts you at a much higher risk for _____?"

A) heart attack
B) lung cancer
C) bladder cancer
D) throat cancer
E) All of the above

Question 70

Many studies have shown a positive correlation between moderate alcohol consumption and decreasing incidence of heart disease.

Question 71

Citrus juices are high in _____ and low in _____.

A) folate; sodium
B) vitamin C; potassium
C) phytochemicals; folate
D) potassium; flavonoids

Question 72

If Norma needs 1700 calories per day to maintain her weight, about how much total fluid does she need?

A) 6 quarts/day
B) 0.5 quart/day
C) 1700-2550 mL/day
D) 3400-5100 mL/day

Question 73

Vignette #2 Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages. The effects of tea include all of the following except :

A) it reduces inflammation.
B) it reduces total cholesterol.
C) it inhibits carcinogenesis.
D) it increases blood pressure.

Question 74

Fetal alcohol syndrome is considered to be the most common cause of _____ in the U.S.

A) low infant birth weight
B) preventable mental retardation
C) growth failure
D) liver cirrhosis

Question 75

Regular soft drinks are:

A) known to be harmless.
B) known to cause type 2 diabetes.
C) low in calories.
D) low in nutrient density.

Question 76

Vignette #2 Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages. Which statement about enhanced waters is correct?

A) The maltodextrin added for fiber will help with "regularity."
B) The added antioxidant vitamins will help prevent some diseases.
C) The fat-soluble vitamins will not be well absorbed into the body.
D) They are all calorie-free beverages.

Question 77

Vignette #2 Sue and her friends are having lunch in the school cafeteria. Sue is drinking bottled water, Joe is drinking Gatorade, Ben has a soft drink, Marsha is sipping iced tea, and Tom is drinking vitamin-enhanced water. Tom thinks he is drinking the best beverage of all because it has vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and some herbs in it. Marsha is counting on the caffeine to keep her alert during her English class and Sue thinks she made the best choice. Ben really doesn't think much about what he drinks at all. Let's answer these questions and learn more about these beverages. Which would be a good reason for Sue to purchase bottled water?

A) It is healthier than tap water.
B) It is purer than tap water.
C) It tastes better than Sue's tap water.
D) It has to meet higher standards for quality than tap water.

Question 78

Pamela asks Theodore what an energy drink is, and he correctly explains:

A) "It's a beverage with the right mixture of ingredients to maximize athletic performance."
B) "It's basically a soft drink with extra caffeine, and sometimes other stimulants."
C) "It's a beverage you can drink in place of a multinutrient supplement for good health."
D) "It's a kind of soft drink that you can drink to cure a hangover or study better."

Question 79

Vignette #1 Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for one hour. Chris has had 3 beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed 2 drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.   Chris weighs 140 pounds and decides to drive home. Based on the information provided, what will his blood alcohol level be?

A) 0.09
B) 0.11
C) 0.07
D) 0.13
E) Not enough information is provided

Question 80

Bottled water is not necessarily any purer or more healthful than tap water.