Deck 13: Food Safety and the Global Food Supply

Question 1

Lead in food can come from:

A) discarded electrical equipment.
B) lead crystal ware.
C) sewage sludge.
D) acid rain.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following individuals could safely consume raw seafood?

A) Sam, a painter who has liver disease
B) Sasha, a homemaker who has diabetes
C) Mark, a salesman with HIV infection
D) Ted, an accountant with occasional back pain

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following additives is used to maintain consistency?

A) MSG
B) Vitamin A
C) Guar gum
D) Sodium chloride

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Most E. coli outbreaks have been linked to:

A) unpasteurized milk.
B) undercooked hamburger.
C) eggs.
D) apples.
E) rice.

Question 5

One characteristic of the ideal pesticide is that it would:

A) be of animal origin.
B) be of vegetable origin.
C) quickly break down to harmless products.
D) be natural.
E) have no detectable taste.

Question 6

The elements of UNICEF's Child Survival Campaign include all of the following except :

A) growth charts.
B) oral rehydration therapy.
C) bottle feeding.
D) immunization.

Question 7

The process of altering foods through genetic manipulation is called:

A) irradiation.
B) biotechnology.
C) transmutation.
D) organic food production.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a federally funded initiative currently in place to reduce food insecurity in the U.S.?

A) Child Survival campaign
B) National School Lunch Program
C) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
D) School Breakfast Program

Question 9

What is the most dangerous food hazard, according to the FDA?

A) Intentional food additives
B) Pesticides residues in food
C) Environmental contaminants
D) Microbial foodborne illness

Question 10

Additives in foods are not used to:

A) improve texture and appearance.
B) enhance flavor.
C) maintain palatability.
D) mask inferior quality.

Question 11

A major purpose of the green revolution was to:

A) restore plant life to the mountainous slopes in developing countries.
B) introduce the winged bean plant to Asian countries.
C) transfer the agricultural technology of the industrial world to developing countries.
D) establish research stations to monitor the water quality in tropical regions.

Question 12

Which of the following microbial pathogens is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in the United States?

A) Campylobacter jejuni
B) Clostridium botulinum
C) Cryptosporidium parvum
D) Vibrio vulnificus
E) Listeria monocytogenes

Question 13

For which of the following individuals is foodborne illness likely to be least serious?

A) Sue, a 25-year-old school teacher
B) Mary, a 2-year-old toddler
C) John, an 88-year-old computer expert
D) Juan, a 34-year-old HIV-positive architect

Question 14

Substances not in use before 1958 are classified as food additives and subject to regulation under the:

A) GRAS list.
B) Food Additives Amendment.
C) Delaney Clause.
D) Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning the GRAS list is false ?

A) The GRAS list includes a list of additives believed to be safe.
B) GRAS stands for "generally recognized as safe."
C) The GRAS list is subject to revision as new facts become known.
D) The GRAS list is established by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Question 16

Which of the following foods is most susceptible to bacterial contamination?

A) Roast
B) Steak
C) Ground meat
D) Chicken

Question 17

The major cause of food insecurity is now recognized to be:

A) overpopulation.
B) poverty.
C) inadequate food production.
D) lack of education.

Question 18

Substances widely used for many years without apparent ill effects are on the _____ list.

A) FDA
B) GRAS
C) Delaney
D) Additive Safety
E) Preferred Additive

Question 19

Which statement about mad cow disease is false ?

A) Mad cow disease was first diagnosed in cattle in the United Kingdom in 1986.
B) Mad cow disease is curable if diagnosed early.
C) Mad cow disease is also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
D) Mad cow disease may occur in people who consume meat from infected animals.
E) To prevent mad cow disease, it is illegal in the U.K. to include mammalian protein tissues in feed for all food-producing animals.

Question 20

All of the following are basic things required to increase the productivity of the rural poor in a way that supports self-reliance except :

A) greater access to land.
B) greater access to capital.
C) greater access to appropriate technology.
D) greater access to manpower.

Question 21

Why are pesticides used?

A) To act as preservatives in our food supply
B) To kill insects, rodents, or other living things
C) To enhance the flavor of soups and salad dressings
D) To stimulate plant growth beyond the normal rate

Question 22

World hunger is a problem of

A) overpopulation.
B) inadequate food production.
C) unequal access to resources.
D) lower gas prices.
E) natural disasters.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about food irradiation is incorrect ?

A) It alters the nutritional value of a food significantly.
B) It does not make the food radioactive.
C) It destroys insects and several types of bacteria.
D) Its use is encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Question 24

Which fish eaten in Japan contains a toxin which is 275 times deadlier than cyanide?

A) Puffer
B) Halibut
C) Smoked salmon
D) Whitefish

Question 25

All of the following are examples of techniques used for integrated pest management except :

A) releasing a predator insect on a crop to get rid of another pest.
B) crop rotation.
C) genetic engineering of plants.
D) using pesticides on a regular basis to maximize crop yields.

Question 26

Which of the following is a common food safety mistake?

A) Keeping cold foods below 40 degrees Fahrenheit
B) Room-temperature marinating
C) Thawing frozen food in the microwave
D) Using shallow containers to cool foods quickly in the refrigerator

Question 27

Which of the following organisms is at the bottom of the food chain?

A) Large fish
B) Small fish
C) Underwater plants
D) Humans

Question 28

All of the following characterize low-income countries except :

A) low birthrates.
B) high death rates.
C) low standards of living.
D) poor access to health care.

Question 29

The green substance that accumulates just beneath the potato's skin is:

A) sulfur dioxide.
B) solanine.
C) polychlorinated biphenyl.
D) mercury.

Question 30

All of the following are approved for irradiation except :

A) ground beef.
B) poultry.
C) teething rings.
D) fruit juices.

Question 31

Judy is looking for a new bread in the supermarket and found one labeled "organic." What does this mean?

A) It contains 100% organic ingredients.
B) It contains at least 95% organic ingredients.
C) It contains at least 70% organic ingredients.
D) It contains less than 70% organic ingredients.

Question 32

The EPA sets forth a reference dose for a pesticide. This represents:

A) the amount of the chemical permitted to be sprayed on a crop per growing season.
B) the amount of a chemical that could be consumed daily without posing any health risk.
C) the amount of a chemical permitted to be sprayed on a field over a 5-year period.
D) the amount of a chemical that could be consumed yearly without posing any health risk.

Question 33

Which of the following is correct about aflatoxin?

A) It is added to some ice creams and salad dressings as a thickener.
B) It is a poison made by certain molds that can grow on corn.
C) It is added to fruit juices as a color enhancer.
D) It is found in the green substance that accumulates beneath the skin of a potato.

Question 34

Which statement about DDT is false ?

A) The use of DDT is banned in the United States.
B) DDT accumulates in the body fat of animals.
C) After years of use, DDT appeared in human breast milk.
D) The sale of DDT by U.S. companies to firms in other countries is prohibited.

Question 35

Most additives that pose any potential risk are allowed in foods only at levels _____ of those at which the risk is still known to be zero.

A) 1/10
B) 1/50
C) 1/100
D) 1/1,000

Question 36

In the United States, which type of poisoning ranks as one of the most common childhood environmental health problems?

A) Lead
B) Iron
C) Mercury
D) Aflatoxin

Question 37

Which of the following is true concerning herbal remedies?

A) They are safe because they come from plants.
B) There are safety standards set by the government for these products.
C) Their components become more concentrated when they are made into supplements.
D) They are safe for pregnant women and children because they are natural.

Question 38

What is the advantage of the Flavr Savr tomato?

A) It is a brighter red than regular tomatoes.
B) It has a more robust flavor than regular tomatoes.
C) It grows on a shorter vine than regular tomatoes.
D) It ripens more slowly than regular tomatoes.

Question 39

What is Feeding America?

A) A program to teach people how to farm more efficiently.
B) A food program in the Southwest that serves immigrants needing assistance.
C) The largest supplier of surplus food in the U.S.
D) A program in inner cities in the U.S. to teach low-income families how to shop and cook for their families.

Question 40

Which type of foodborne illness is most commonly transmitted by improperly canned foods?

A) Listerosis
B) Salmonellosis
C) Botulism
D) Campylobacterosis

Question 41

Suppose you are planning a romantic summer picnic with your significant other, and don't have a cooler. Which menu would be the safest (that is, the least likely to cause a foodborne illness)?

A) Roast chicken and cheddar sandwiches, potato salad, and cheesecake
B) Peanut butter sandwiches, corn chips, jar of salsa, and fresh oranges
C) Hamburgers, french fries, and milkshakes
D) Egg salad sandwiches, cole slaw, and coconut cream pie

Question 42

Vignette #2 Sue is the mother of a 2 year old named Tara. Sue wants to protect Tara from pesticides, chemicals, and other harmful contaminants on the food she serves her daughter. She is committed to only purchasing organic foods and preparing them in a healthy manner. Let's see if Sue knows as much as you do by answering the following questions. Sue is concerned about pesticide contamination of the produce she purchases. Which of the following would you say to Sue?

A) The American Academy of Pediatrics says that the health risks posed by pesticide residues are significant.
B) The American Cancer Society says that consumers should only buy foods labeled "organic" to adequately protect their health.
C) The risk of not eating fruits and vegetables for fear of consuming pesticide residues far outweighs the slight risk associated with these substances.
D) The amount of pesticides permitted allows for a small margin of safety.
E) All of the above are valid comments.

Question 43

Vignette #1 The Waltons had dinner at their favorite local restaurant. Marty had a hamburger, Jill had grilled chicken, and Lori had clams on spaghetti. They had wine with dinner, ordered dessert, and thoroughly enjoyed the evening. Late the next day, Marty starting having stomach pains. Soon he also had diarrhea and began vomiting. Jill decided he should go to the emergency room at the hospital and so off they went. The medical intern saw Marty in extreme pain and immediately began asking him questions. Let's see if you can answer the following questions as well as the intern. What can Marty do to prevent getting a foodborne illness from a hamburger in the future?

A) Order burgers well done at a restaurant.
B) Avoid irradiated beef.
C) Order unpasteurized cheese on the burger at a restaurant.
D) Thaw frozen beef at room temperature before cooking.

Question 44

A genetically engineered vegetable must be labeled as such when:

A) its genes have been modified to make it herbicide resistant.
B) it is a transgenic organism.
C) its nutrient composition differs significantly from that of the natural vegetable.
D) it contains genetic material from a different type of vegetable.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a benefit of genetically altered foods?

A) Increased protein content of foods.
B) The development of "superweeds" that would be resistant to insects.
C) The production of produce with phytochemicals not previously present.
D) Precise introduction of genes into foods to create different versions.
E) All of these are benefits.

Question 46

Which parasite can be transmitted by swimming in or drinking contaminated water?

A) Trichinella spiralis
B) Giardia duodenalis
C) Cryptosporidium parvum
D) Cyclospora cayetanensis

Question 47

Vignette #1 The Waltons had dinner at their favorite local restaurant. Marty had a hamburger, Jill had grilled chicken, and Lori had clams on spaghetti. They had wine with dinner, ordered dessert, and thoroughly enjoyed the evening. Late the next day, Marty starting having stomach pains. Soon he also had diarrhea and began vomiting. Jill decided he should go to the emergency room at the hospital and so off they went. The medical intern saw Marty in extreme pain and immediately began asking him questions. Let's see if you can answer the following questions as well as the intern. If the grilled chicken had been the cause of illness, which would have most likely been the cause?

A) Campylobacter jejuni
B) Listeria monocytogenes
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Norwalk-type virus

Question 48

Vignette #1 The Waltons had dinner at their favorite local restaurant. Marty had a hamburger, Jill had grilled chicken, and Lori had clams on spaghetti. They had wine with dinner, ordered dessert, and thoroughly enjoyed the evening. Late the next day, Marty starting having stomach pains. Soon he also had diarrhea and began vomiting. Jill decided he should go to the emergency room at the hospital and so off they went. The medical intern saw Marty in extreme pain and immediately began asking him questions. Let's see if you can answer the following questions as well as the intern. What type of foodborne illness does Marty likely have, considering what he ate for dinner?

A) Vibrio infection
B) Escherichia coli
C) Shigellosis
D) Mad cow disease
E) Marty could be ill from any of the above causes.

Question 49

Vignette #1 The Waltons had dinner at their favorite local restaurant. Marty had a hamburger, Jill had grilled chicken, and Lori had clams on spaghetti. They had wine with dinner, ordered dessert, and thoroughly enjoyed the evening. Late the next day, Marty starting having stomach pains. Soon he also had diarrhea and began vomiting. Jill decided he should go to the emergency room at the hospital and so off they went. The medical intern saw Marty in extreme pain and immediately began asking him questions. Let's see if you can answer the following questions as well as the intern. Luckily Marty recovered in a few days with no lasting effects; however, many people are not so lucky. Which of the following would have put Marty at high risk for serious consequences from his foodborne illness?

A) Having had a kidney transplant 10 years ago
B) Being HIV positive
C) Being 2 years old and having diabetes
D) Being 80 years old
E) Any of these characteristics would place Marty in a high-risk category.

Question 50

Vignette #2 Sue is the mother of a 2 year old named Tara. Sue wants to protect Tara from pesticides, chemicals, and other harmful contaminants on the food she serves her daughter. She is committed to only purchasing organic foods and preparing them in a healthy manner. Let's see if Sue knows as much as you do by answering the following questions. Sue's brother, Manuel, says she is going overboard by insisting that everything Tara eats is labeled "organic." A disadvantage of buying certified organic foods that he mentions is that:

A) more synthetic fertilizer residues will end up in waterways.
B) farmers may follow less humane animal welfare standards.
C) organic farming methods lead to improved soil fertility.
D) the food may be fertilized with improperly composted animal manure containing harmful organisms.

Question 51

Why are BHA and BHT added to foods?

A) To maintain palatability and wholesomeness.
B) To impart or maintain consistency.
C) To control acidity or alkalinity.
D) To enhance flavor.

Question 52

Melissa is getting ready for a party where she plans to serve grilled chicken and a raw vegetable salad. She washes her hands, takes the sealed package of chicken from the refrigerator, opens it, and places the chicken on a cutting board to remove the skin and cut it up. She places the chicken pieces in a plastic container of marinade, seals it, and places it in the refrigerator, at the same time taking out the fresh vegetables. She begins chopping them up on her cutting board. Which food safety mistake has Melissa made?

A) She didn't keep cold foods cold
B) She didn't keep hot foods hot
C) She didn't store the raw foods properly
D) She didn't avoid cross-contamination

Question 53

Vignette #2 Sue is the mother of a 2 year old named Tara. Sue wants to protect Tara from pesticides, chemicals, and other harmful contaminants on the food she serves her daughter. She is committed to only purchasing organic foods and preparing them in a healthy manner. Let's see if Sue knows as much as you do by answering the following questions. While food shopping, Sue sees a label on a package of graham crackers that reads "product made with organic ingredients." What does this mean?

A) It means the graham crackers contain between 70 and 95 percent organic contents.
B) It means the graham crackers contain 95 percent organic ingredients.
C) It means the graham crackers contain no added preservatives but may have been irradiated.
D) It means the wheat and sugar used to make the graham crackers were grown without pesticides but may contain genetically engineered products.

Question 54

Which statement about farmers' markets is true?

A) Foods purchased from farmers' markets are in season and very fresh.
B) Farmers' markets rely entirely on community support because of a lack of government support.
C) Farmers make less profit when they sell directly to consumers rather than to a food distributor.
D) All produce sold at farmers' markets is certified organic.

Question 55

Which micronutrient deficiencies are of particular concern worldwide?

A) Iodine, iron, and vitamin A
B) Fluoride, zinc, and vitamin D
C) Magnesium, sodium, and iron
D) Vitamin B₁₂, niacin, and vitamin C

Question 56

Several factors have contributed to the decline in the number of mothers who exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first few months of life. Which of the following is not among the reasons for this decline?

A) Loss of cultural ties supporting breastfeeding
B) Aggressive promotion of infant formula
C) The lack of potable drinking water
D) More women working outside the home, making it difficult

Question 57

Vignette #1 The Waltons had dinner at their favorite local restaurant. Marty had a hamburger, Jill had grilled chicken, and Lori had clams on spaghetti. They had wine with dinner, ordered dessert, and thoroughly enjoyed the evening. Late the next day, Marty starting having stomach pains. Soon he also had diarrhea and began vomiting. Jill decided he should go to the emergency room at the hospital and so off they went. The medical intern saw Marty in extreme pain and immediately began asking him questions. Let's see if you can answer the following questions as well as the intern. The hamburger was most likely the culprit in Marty's illness. What may have occurred to lead to his condition?

A) The cows may have been given feed containing mammalian protein tissues.
B) The meat may have been cooked to 160 degrees Farenheit.
C) The meat may have been cooked to 135 degrees Farenheit.
D) The meat may have been defrosted in the refrigerator.

Question 58

Vignette #2 Sue is the mother of a 2 year old named Tara. Sue wants to protect Tara from pesticides, chemicals, and other harmful contaminants on the food she serves her daughter. She is committed to only purchasing organic foods and preparing them in a healthy manner. Let's see if Sue knows as much as you do by answering the following questions. Which would not be a recommended way for Sue to reduce pesticide consumption?

A) Rinse produce with water and scrub with a brush.
B) Trim fat from meat and remove skin from poultry.
C) Eat only few types of produce to ensure safety.
D) Peel produce to which wax has been applied.
E) Discard the outer leaves of lettuce.

Question 59

Which type of foodborne illness may be traced to soft unpasteurized cheese and milk?

A) Perfringens food poisoning
B) Shigellosis
C) Listerosis
D) Hepatitis

Question 60

What is the most serious risk that is posed by irradiation?

A) Exposure of workers at irradiation facilities to radioactive materials
B) Exposure of consumers purchasing raw meats to radioactive materials
C) Production of unique radiolytic products
D) Production of toxic, explosive ethylene oxide

Question 61

Many commonly used plants and plant products contain naturally-occurring toxicants.

Question 62

Vignette #2 Sue is the mother of a 2 year old named Tara. Sue wants to protect Tara from pesticides, chemicals, and other harmful contaminants on the food she serves her daughter. She is committed to only purchasing organic foods and preparing them in a healthy manner. Let's see if Sue knows as much as you do by answering the following questions. Mary tells Sue there are some benefits to the use of pesticides for farmers. All of the following are examples of these benefits except :

A) Pesticides can boost crop yields.
B) Pesticide use contributes to the relatively low cost of fruits and vegetables.
C) Pesticide use allows for a wide variety of crops to be grown.
D) Some pesticides like DDT remain active for years and so do not need to be reapplied.

Question 63

Soil erosion is now accelerating on every continent, at a rate that threatens the world's ability to continue feeding itself.

Question 64

Multinational corporations may contribute to hunger by way of their food production techniques.

Question 67

Canned foods have an infinite shelf-life.

Question 68

Lead usually poisons a person slowly rather than all at once.

Question 69

Most of the United States' soybean, cotton, and corn crops are genetically engineered.

Question 70

The radura symbol on a food signifies that the food has been grown without pesticides.

Question 71

Describe how a food chain works to concentrate a substance from one species to the next.

Question 72

Honey can be a cause of botulism.

Question 73

Most E. coli outbreaks have been linked to undercooked pork.

Question 74

Why didn't the green revolution in the 1960s and 1970s work like it should have?

Question 75

Eating raw shellfish puts a person at risk for contracting hepatitis.

Question 76

Discuss the potential benefits and risks associated with the use of genetically-engineered foods.

Question 77

All substances are potentially toxic, but are hazardous only if consumed in sufficiently large quantities.

Question 78

Kidney failure can occur due to toxin-producing Salmonella bacteria.

Question 79

Integrated pest management is a type of farming technique designed to minimize chemical use in the growing of crops.

Question 80

Name two nutritional additives and two additives that maintain freshness and discuss what types of foods they are usually found in.