Question 1

A woman has come to the clinic for preconception counselling because she wants to start trying to get pregnant in 3 months.Which information should the nurse provide to this woman?&#10;A) Discontinue all contraception now.&#10;B) Lose weight so that you can gain more during pregnancy.&#10;C) Continue taking any medications you have been taking regularly.&#10;D) Make sure that you include adequate folic acid in your diet.

Accepted Answer

A healthy diet before conception is the best way to ensure that adequate nutrients are available for the developing fetus.A woman's folate or folic acid intake is of particular concern in the preconception period.Neural tube defects are more common in infants of women with a poor folic acid intake.Depending on the type of contraception used,discontinuing all contraception may not be an accurate statement.Losing weight is not appropriate advice.Depending on the type of medication the woman is taking,continuing its use may not be an accurate statement.

Question 2

Which should the nurse teach a pregnant woman who is still playing tennis at 32 weeks of gestation?&#10;A) Increase fluid intake before,during,and after exercise.&#10;B) Include extra protein sources,such as peanut butter,in your diet.&#10;C) Eat salty foods to replace lost sodium.&#10;D) Eat easily digested sources of carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

Liberal amounts of fluid should be consumed before,during,and after exercise to avoid dehydration,because dehydration can trigger premature labour.The woman's calorie intake should be sufficient to meet the increased needs of pregnancy and the demands of exercise.

Question 3

Which meal would provide the most absorbable iron?&#10;A) Toasted cheese sandwich,celery sticks,tomato slices,and a grape drink&#10;B) Oatmeal,whole wheat toast,jelly,and low-fat milk&#10;C) Black bean soup,wheat crackers,dried apricots,and prunes&#10;D) Red beans and rice,cornbread,mixed greens,and decaffeinated tea

Accepted Answer

Food sources that are rich in iron include liver,meats,whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals,deep green leafy vegetables,legumes,and dried fruits.The foods in this group are all good sources of iron.In addition,the vitamin C in dried apricots aids absorption.Dairy products and tea are not sources of iron.

Question 4

What should the nurse be aware of with regard to protein in the diet of pregnant women?&#10;A) Many protein-rich foods are also good sources of calcium,iron,and B vitamins.&#10;B) Many women need to increase their protein intake during pregnancy.&#10;C) As with carbohydrates and fat,no specific recommendations exist for the amount of protein in the diet.&#10;D) High-protein supplements can be used without risk by women on macrobiotic diets.

Accepted Answer

Good protein sources such as meat,milk,eggs,and cheese have a lot of calcium,B vitamins,and iron.Most women already eat a high-protein diet and do not need to increase their intake.Protein is sufficiently important that specific servings of meat and dairy are recommended.High-protein supplements are not recommended because they have been associated with an increased incidence of preterm births.

Question 5

Which nutrient's recommended dietary allowance (RDA)is higher during lactation than during pregnancy?&#10;A) Iodine&#10;B) Iron&#10;C) Vitamin A&#10;D) Folic acid

Accepted Answer

Needs for energy (kilocalories),protein,calcium,iodine,zinc,the B vitamins (thiamine,riboflavin,niacin,pyridoxine,and vitamin B₁₂),and vitamin C are greater during lactation than during pregnancy.Iron recommendation is lower during lactation than in pregnancy.Folic acid recommendation is lower during lactation than in pregnancy.Vitamin A recommendation is lower during lactation than in pregnancy.

Question 6

To prevent gastrointestinal upset,when should pregnant patients be instructed to take iron supplements?&#10;A) On a full stomach&#10;B) At bedtime&#10;C) After eating a meal&#10;D) With milk

Accepted Answer

Patients should be instructed to take iron supplements at bedtime.Iron supplements are best absorbed if they are taken when the stomach is empty.Bran,tea,coffee,milk,and eggs may reduce absorption.Iron can be taken at bedtime if abdominal discomfort occurs when it is taken between meals.

Question 7

Which nutritional recommendation about fluids is accurate?&#10;A) A woman's daily intake should be about 3 litres.&#10;B) Coffee should be limited to no more than two cups,but tea and cocoa can be consumed without worry.&#10;C) Of the artificial sweeteners,only aspartame has not been associated with any maternity health concerns.&#10;D) Water with fluoride is especially encouraged because it reduces the child's risk of tooth decay.

Accepted Answer

The recommended daily intake of liquid is 3 litres.Water,milk,decaffeinated tea,and juices are good sources,although pregnant women should limit their intake of fruit juice,as it can be high in calories and therefore lead to extra weight gain.Artificial sweeteners,including aspartame,have no ill effects on the normal mother or fetus.However,mothers with phenylketonuria should avoid aspartame.No evidence indicates that prenatal fluoride consumption reduces childhood tooth decay.However,it still helps the mother.

Question 8

After the nurse completes nutritional counselling for a pregnant woman,which information from the woman would indicate that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?&#10;A) Protein will help my baby grow.&#10;B) Eating protein will prevent me from becoming anemic.&#10;C) Eating protein will make my baby have strong teeth after he is born.&#10;D) Eating protein will prevent me from being diabetic.

Accepted Answer

Protein is the nutritional element basic to growth.An adequate protein intake is essential to meeting the increasing demands of pregnancy.These demands arise from the rapid growth of the fetus;the enlargement of the uterus,mammary glands,and placenta;the increase in the maternal blood volume;and the formation of amniotic fluid.Iron intake prevents anemia.Calcium intake is needed for fetal bone and tooth development.Glycemic control is needed in diabetics;protein is one nutritional factor to consider,but this is not the primary role of protein intake.

Question 9

Which would be of most concern with a pregnant woman whose diet consists almost entirely of whole-grain breads and cereals,fruits,and vegetables? A) Calcium B) Protein C) Vitamin B₁₂ D) Folic acid

Accepted Answer

This diet is consistent with that followed by a strict vegetarian (vegan).Vegans consume only plant products.Because vitamin B₁₂ is found in foods of animal origin,this diet is deficient in vitamin B₁₂.

Question 10

A 22-year-old woman pregnant with a single fetus has a preconception body mass index (BMI)of 24.When she was seen in the clinic at 14 weeks of gestation,she had gained 2 kg since conception.How would the nurse interpret this?

A) This weight gain indicates gestational hypertension.
B) This weight gain indicates that the woman's infant is at risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
C) This weight gain cannot be evaluated until the woman has been observed for several more weeks.
D) The woman's weight gain is appropriate for this stage of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The woman's weight gain is appropriate for this stage of pregnancy is an accurate statement.This woman's BMI is in the normal range.During the first trimester,the average total weight gain is only 1 to 2 kg.Although weight gain does indicate possible gestational hypertension,it is not a definitive diagnosis.The desirable weight gain during pregnancy varies among women.The primary factor to consider in making a weight gain recommendation is the appropriateness of the pre-pregnancy weight for the woman's height.A commonly used method of evaluating the appropriateness of weight for height is the BMI.This woman has gained the appropriate amount of weight for her size at this point in her pregnancy.Although weight gain does indicate risk for IUGR,it does not apply to this patient.

Question 11

What condition are infants born to women with an inadequate weight gain during pregnancy at higher risk of experiencing?&#10;A) Spina bifida&#10;B) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)&#10;C) Diabetes mellitus&#10;D) Down syndrome

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

A 27-year-old pregnant woman had a preconception body mass index (BMI)of 18.0.Which would be within normal range for her total recommended weight gain during pregnancy?&#10;A) 21 kg&#10;B) 19 kg&#10;C) 14 kg&#10;D) 12 kg

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Which statement made by a lactating woman would lead the nurse to believe that the woman might have a lactose intolerance?&#10;A) &#34;I always have heartburn after I drink milk.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;If I drink more than a cup of milk,I feel bloated and have abdominal cramps.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Drinking milk usually makes me break out in hives.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Sometimes I notice that I have bad breath after I drink a cup of milk.&#34;

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

A woman in week 34 of pregnancy reports that she is very uncomfortable because of heartburn.What should the nurse suggest to the woman?&#10;A) Substitute other calcium sources for milk in her diet.&#10;B) Lie down after each meal.&#10;C) Reduce the amount of fibre she consumes.&#10;D) Eat five small meals daily.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Which statement about acronyms in nutrition is accurate?&#10;A) Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)consist of recommended dietary allowances (RDAs),adequate intakes (AIs),and upper limits (ULs).&#10;B) RDAs are the same as ULs,except with better data.&#10;C) AIs offer guidelines for avoiding excessive amounts of nutrients.&#10;D) They all refer to green,leafy vegetables;whole grains;and fruit.

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

What are pregnant adolescents at high risk for,related to their lower body mass indices (BMIs)and &#34;fad&#34; dieting practices?&#10;A) Obesity&#10;B) Diabetes&#10;C) Low-birth-weight babies&#10;D) High-birth-weight babies

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Why is maternal nutritional status an especially significant factor that may influence the outcome of pregnancy?&#10;A) It is very difficult to adjust because of people's ingrained eating habits.&#10;B) It is an important preventive measure for a variety of problems.&#10;C) Women love obsessing about their weight and diets.&#10;D) A woman's preconception weight becomes irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Consuming more of which food will increase calcium intake?&#10;A) Fresh apricots&#10;B) Canned clams&#10;C) Spaghetti with meat sauce&#10;D) Canned sardines

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

How should the nurse advise a pregnant woman who is experiencing nausea and vomiting?&#10;A) Drink a glass of water with a fat-free carbohydrate before getting out of bed in the morning.&#10;B) Eat small,frequent meals (every 1 to 2 hours).&#10;C) Increase intake of high-fat foods to keep the stomach full and coated.&#10;D) Limit fluid intake throughout the day.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman's diet?&#10;A) Fat-soluble vitamins A and D&#10;B) Water-soluble vitamins C and B6&#10;C) Iron and folate&#10;D) Calcium and zinc

Accepted Answer

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Question 21

Which fish is considered safe to consume while pregnant? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters,followed by a comma and a space-e.g. ,a,b,&#10;A) Shark&#10;B) Canned tuna&#10;C) Shrimp&#10;D) Pollock&#10;E) Swordfish&#10;F) Marlin

Accepted Answer

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Question 22

Which vitamins or minerals can lead to congenital malformations of the fetus if taken in excess by the mother?&#10;A) Zinc&#10;B) Vitamin D&#10;C) Folic acid&#10;D) Vitamin A

Accepted Answer

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Question 23

While completing the physical assessment of the pregnant patient,the nurse can evaluate the patient's nutritional status by observing a number of physical signs.Which signs would indicate that the patient has unmet nutritional needs? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters,followed by a comma and a space-e.g. ,a,b,

A) Loss of vibratory sense
B) Bright,clear,shiny eyes
C) Tender calves
D) Spoon-shaped nails
E) Reddish pink mucous membranes
F) Surface papillae present on tongue

Accepted Answer

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Question 24

Which should the nurse be aware of with regard to nutritional needs during lactation?&#10;A) The mother's intake of vitamin C,zinc,and protein now can be lower than during pregnancy.&#10;B) Caffeine consumed by the mother accumulates in the infant,who therefore may be unusually active and wakeful.&#10;C) Critical iron and folic acid levels must be maintained.&#10;D) Lactating women can go back to their pre-pregnant calorie intake.

Accepted Answer

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Question 25

While taking a diet history,the nurse might be told that the expectant mother has cravings for ice chips,cornstarch,and baking soda.What is the term for this behaviour?&#10;A) Pre-eclampsia&#10;B) Pyrosis&#10;C) Pica&#10;D) Purging

Accepted Answer

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Question 26

What should the nurse tell a pregnant patient when counselling her about getting enough iron in her diet?&#10;A) Milk,coffee,and tea aid iron absorption if consumed at the same time as iron.&#10;B) Iron absorption is inhibited by a diet rich in vitamin C.&#10;C) Iron supplements are permissible for children in small doses.&#10;D) Constipation is common with iron supplements.

Accepted Answer

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Question 27

What might a nurse suggest when teaching a woman about reducing the severity of nausea caused by morning sickness?&#10;A) Try a tart food or drink such as lemonade or salty foods such as potato chips.&#10;B) Drink plenty of fluids early in the day.&#10;C) Brush teeth immediately after eating.&#10;D) Never snack before bedtime.

Accepted Answer

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Question 28

Which will the nurse teach the pregnant woman regarding the prevention of foodborne illness? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters,followed by a comma and a space-e.g. ,a,b,&#10;A) Clean all kitchen utensils with a 15-mL ratio of bleach to 750 mL water followed by a water rinse.&#10;B) Refrigerate perishable food at 4&#176; C or lower.&#10;C) Leftovers can be safely consumed up to 1 week after they were originally cooked.&#10;D) Never defrost food at room temperature.&#10;E) It is not safe to consume Brie and Camerbert cheese.&#10;F) It is safe to consume raw eggs as long as they are blended well.

Accepted Answer

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Deck 12: Maternal and Fetal Nutrition