Deck 12: Population Growth and Aging

Question 1

Which statement best characterizes the world's aging population trends?

A)The next 50 years will see a large increase in older people throughout the world.
B)The world's population will not age as quickly as the U.S.population will.
C)Although the world's population is old now, the aging of the world's population will end soon.
D)The share of the world's population that is older will decrease in the coming years.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The most recent doubling of the population took about ____ years.

A)40
B)100
C)400
D)1000

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The aging of the world's population is due in part to

A)increased longevity
B)less deadly warfare
C)new religious beliefs
D)longstanding policies encouraging childbirth

Answer 3

A

Question 4

By the end of this century, global life expectancy is expected to be about

A)70
B)75
C)82
D)90

Question 5

In 2013, the world population was

A)2.6 billion.
B)4.0 billion.
C)7.2 billion.
D)9.1 billion

Question 6

___________ refers to the time required for a population to double from a given base year if the current rate of growth continues.​

A)​Doubling time
B)​The increase ratio
C)​One-hundred percent population gain
D)​The Malthus formula

Question 7

The replacement level fertility rate is

A)1.0.
B)1.8.
C)2.0.
D)2.1.

Question 8

Population momentum refers to population growth as a result of

A)high immigration.
B)current high fertility rates.
C)large numbers of young women who are entering their childbearing years.
D)large numbers of males in the population.

Question 9

._________ is calculated as the number of working-age people divided by the number of people 65 or older.

A)Social security
B)Baby boomers
C)The elderly support ratio
D)Retirement age

Question 10

Current population trends suggest that the world's population

A)will double within the next 10 years.
B)will double within the next 20 years.
C)will double within the next 30 years.
D)may never double again.

Question 11

For 99% of human history population growth was restricted by

A)violence.
B)disease and limited food supply.
C)climate and natural disasters.
D)low fertility rates.

Question 12

Higher population growth in developing countries is largely due to

A)immigration from other countries.
B)a larger population base.
C)a larger population base of young women.
D)higher fertility rates.

Question 13

What is the total fertility rate?​

A)​the number of children born per 1,000 population
B)​the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-55.
C)​the average lifetime number of births per woman in a population.
D)​births minus deaths in a country during a given year

Question 14

The total fertility rate is the

A)total number of babies born in a particular year.
B)number of women of childbearing age in a population.
C)number of deaths minus the number of births in a population in a particular year.
D)average lifetime number of births per woman in the population.

Question 15

Between 2013 and 2050 the percentage of older people in the world population is expected to _________

A)decrease
B)increase slightly
C)nearly double
D)remain the same

Question 16

The ratio of working-age adults to adults aged 65 and older in a population is called the​

A)elderly support ratio.​
B)​sandwich generation.
C)​age specific ratio.
D)​demographic transition.

Question 17

____________ are the generation of Americans born between 1946 and 1964.

A)The Greatest Generation
B)Baby Boomers
C)The elderly
D)Generation X

Question 18

If every country in the world achieved replacement-level fertility rates, population growth would

A)decrease.
B)stabilize immediately.
C)continue to grow for about 2 or 3 years.
D)continue to grow for several decades.

Question 19

The largest country in population in the world today is

A)the United States.
B)China.
C)India.
D)Indonesia.

Question 20

By 2050, the largest country in population is projected to be

A)the United States.
B)China.
C)India.
D)Brazil.

Question 21

The second demographic transition refers to

A)increase in fertility levels due to increased food supplies and improved sanitation.
B)decrease in population growth due to higher mortality levels, such as from AIDS/HIV.
C)increase in population growth due to immigration from undeveloped to developed countries.
D)fall of fertility levels to below the two-child replacement level.

Question 22

Symbolic interactionists highlight all of the following EXCEPT

A)understanding quality of life among the elderly is a subjective exercise.
B)negative labels such as "geezer" reflect ageism.
C)definitions of old age are constantly changing.
D)older people make up a large and powerful political group.

Question 23

__________ is reflected in fertility worship and religious prohibitions of birth control.​

A)​Ageism
B)​Pronatalism
C)​Child deprivation
D)​Birthism

Question 24

According to the ______________ population growth patterns are associated with industrialization.

A)conflict theorists
B)demographic transition theory
C)symbolic interactionists
D)population momentum theory

Question 25

Which of the following has historically promoted pronatal values in a society?

A)religion
B)government
C)capitalism
D)urbanization

Question 26

The demographic transition theory describes how _____________ has affected population growth.

A)changing ecological balance
B)climate change
C)HIV/AIDS
D)industrialization

Question 27

According to demographic transition theory, fertility rates decline in industrialized societies due to

A)the increased economic value of children.
B)the increased survival rates of infants and children.
C)parasites and infectious disease due to unsafe water supplies.
D)increased infertility of females due to pollution.

Question 28

According to demographic transition theory, industrialization led to a decline in mortality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)improved sanitation.
B)improved health.
C)decreased pollution.
D)education.

Question 29

Which part of the world will experience the highest growth of the aging population in the next 40 years?

A)Africa
B)Asia
C)Latin America
D)More developed regions

Question 30

The link between Social Security programs and lowered fertility rates is what functionalists understand as a/an

A)manifest function.
B)unintended consequence.
C)social problem.
D)technological fix.

Question 31

Which perspective views the elderly as a special interest group that competes with younger people for scarce resources?

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist

Question 32

Which perspective emphasizes the social changes in the workforce and federal programs as a result of the growing elderly population?

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist

Question 33

What is the main problem with an aging population?

A)The elderly control politics because of their large numbers.
B)The elderly refuse to leave jobs resulting in fewer openings for young people.
C)The large numbers of elderly engender resentment among the young.
D)As the proportion of older people increases in a population, fewer working-age adults support the elderly population.

Question 34

Conflict theorists argue that food shortages result from which of the following?

A)overpopulation
B)war
C)lack of public investment in agricultural research
D)inequitable distribution of power and resources

Question 35

Conflict theorists argue that _____contributes to population growth in many less developed countries.

A)female subordination
B)food and water supply
C)bribery
D)environmental destruction

Question 36

The second demographic transition has been linked in part to which of the following factors?

A)subordination of women in less developed countries
B)lack of access to effective contraception
C)the rise of individualism and materialism
D)proportionately higher elderly populations in developed countries

Question 37

Which age group has the highest rate of voting?

A)18-24
B)30-40
C)45-55
D)65-75

Question 38

Which perspective emphasizes the importance of social meanings and definitions of aging?

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)symbolic interactionist
D)feminist

Question 39

According to Malthusian theory,

A)improved agricultural technology would eliminate food shortages which, in turn, would accelerate population growth.
B)food shortages and consequent population decline among the masses would occur because the rich would take the food surplus from the poor.
C)food shortages due to population growth would lead to war, disease, and starvation that would then slow population growth.
D)modern medicine would decrease the mortality rate and increase the fertility rate, thus creating massive overpopulation.

Question 40

Pronatalism is a cultural value that promotes which of the following?

A)cleanliness
B)having children
C)growing old
D)good health

Question 41

An environmental footprint refers to the

A)effect of a polluting factory on the environment.
B)degree of resource depletion per year in the world.
C)impact that each person makes on the environment.
D)degradation of the ecosystem in a 100 year period.

Question 42

What are the general findings about elder care from your chapter's "Social problems Research Up Close" profile?

A)Caregivers generally do not like their role.
B)Caregivers appreciate the time spent with elderly relatives, but want more support from workplaces.
C)Caregivers report that government and workplace policies are adequate in providing flexible time for elder care.
D)Most caregivers would prefer to put their elderly family members in an institution.

Question 43

In China, adult children and older adults sign a(n)______________ that specifies how the children will provide parental care.​

A)​family support agreement
B)​non-binding contract
C)​elder care option
D)​living will

Question 44

Each person's environmental footprint is determined by

A)the number of children that person has.
B)the population growth rate in that person's country.
C)patterns of production and consumption in that person's culture.
D)patterns of violence in that person's society.

Question 45

The environmental footprint of an average person in a high-income country is ______ than that of someone in a low-income country.

A)much smaller
B)slightly smaller
C)slightly larger
D)much larger

Question 46

John was laid off from his job because management felt that at his age (64)he was too expensive.John was a victim of​

A)​age discrimination.
B)​pronatalism.
C)​elderism.
D)​reverse discrimination.

Question 47

Evidence that modern societies downplay the value of their elders can be seen in which of the following?

A)Many people will continue to work after retirement because they want to.
B)Older people make up one of the most powerful political demographics.
C)Elderly people are often respected for their knowledge and experience
D)Millions of Americans purchase products or treatments to make them look younger

Question 48

_______ is related to increased risk of death for a mother and baby.

A)Childbearing at young ages
B)Having fewer children
C)Obtaining early prenatal care
D)Increased child spacing

Question 49

The leading cause of mortality for reproductive-age women in the developing world is

A)parasites.
B)infectious disease.
C)maternal death.
D)domestic abuse.

Question 50

The _____________ generation includes adults who are caring for aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren.​

A)​sandwich
B)​club sandwich
C)​double jeopardy
D)​age squeezed

Question 51

Many developing countries today are characterized by a "youth bulge," which means a high proportion of

A)children ages 0-5 relative to children between 6 and 17.
B)6- to 12-year olds relative to younger and older children.
C)children ages 0-17 relative to the adult population.
D)15- to 29-year-olds relative to the remaining adult population.

Question 52

Affirming negative stereotypes about the elderly (e.g., slow, grumpy, poor drivers, etc.)can be attributed to

A)youth culture.
B)functionalism.
C)youth bulge.
D)ageism.

Question 53

Young job seekers are _____ more likely to be offered a job interview than older job seekers with similar resumes.

A)10%
B)20%
C)40%
D)80%

Question 54

________ occurs when older adults are not included in advertising and educational materials.

A)Elder abuse
B)Ageism by invisibility
C)The youth bulge
D)The sandwich generation

Question 55

Youth bulges in poor countries are associated with

A)political unrest and violence.
B)educational reform.
C)industrial development.
D)growing consumer markets.

Question 56

According to a survey of faculty at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, _______ is the world's top environmental problem.

A)overpopulation
B)climate change
C)shortage of fossil fuels
D)acid rain

Question 57

________ refers to negative stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination based on a person's or group's perceived chronological age.

A)Old Person Syndrome
B)Youth Culture
C)Ageism
D)Baby Boomers

Question 58

All of the following are forms of ageism EXCEPT

A)believing old people as a group are slow and grumpy.
B)speaking loudly to elderly people.
C)paying women less than men.
D)excluding older individuals from advertising and educational materials.

Question 59

Youth bulges result from high fertility rates and

A)high elderly mortality.
B)declining infant mortality rates.
C)lower life expectancies.
D)high adult mortality from HIV/AIDS or war.

Question 60

______ refers to the generation of people who care for their aging parents while also taking care of their children

A)ageism
B)Baby boomers
C)The greatest generation
D)The sandwich generation

Question 61

A close analysis reveals that

A)Social Security is not "broke," but long-term changes are needed.
B)Social Security is "broke" and cannot be fixed.
C)Social Security will be insolvent by the end of the decade.
D)Social Security benefits will dwindle to a bare minimum in the next 10-20 years.

Question 62

Economic development can slow population growth for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)it reduces infant and child mortality.
B)it increases education of women.
C)it increases the economic value of children.
D)providing media exposure to values that promote fertility control.

Question 63

Which of the following are NOT among the various methods used to encourage parental support by governments mentioned in your text?

A)tax deductions for adult children caregivers
B)the development of Family Support Agreements
C)tax credits for adult children caregivers
D)imprisonment for failure to provide care

Question 64

In general, childfree couples

A)are less educated.
B)are more religious.
C)live in rural areas.
D)do not adhere to traditional gender ideology.

Question 65

The two types of retirement plans are

A)traditional pensions with "defined benefits" and "defined contribution" plans
B)Social security and pension
C)savings accounts and IRAs
D)Medicaid and Medicare

Question 66

All of the following are strategies suggested by your text to help curb population growth EXCEPT

A)improving the status of women.
B)family planning.
C)eliminating access to abortion.
D)government population control policies.

Question 67

________ is a federal program that protects against loss of income due to retirement, disability or death.

A)Food Stamps
B)Social Security
C)Medicaid
D)TANF

Question 68

A 401k plan is different from a pension in that​

A)​pensions provide a guaranteed income.
B)​401k plans do not require the employee to contribute to the plan.
C)​401k plans are outdated and no longer exist.
D)​pension plans come only from private employers.

Question 69

The Age Discrimination in Employment (ADEA)was passed in​

A)​1935.
B)1945.
C)​1967.
D)​2013.

Question 70

Countries with below-replacement fertility levels

A)often have policies to reduce fertility levels.
B)often have policies to keep fertility levels stable.
C)often have policies to increase fertility levels.
D)typically do not have any policies related to fertility.

Question 71

Throughout the developing world the primary status of women is that of

A)wife and mother.
B)farmhand.
C)factory worker.
D)daughter.

Question 72

China's one-child policy

A)has been ineffective in reducing population growth.
B)has created an imbalanced sex ratio of more females than males.
C)imposes a monetary fine on couples that have more than one child.
D)decreased the country's economic productivity.

Question 73

Which of the following statements best describes Americans' use of Social Security?

A)While many people receive Social Security benefits, very few Americans actually rely on them to meet basic needs.
B)Social Security, although not intended to be the sole source of funds during retirement, provides more than half of retirement income for many Americans.
C)Social Security provides enough money so that most Americans do not have to worry about saving for retirement.
D)Social Security only pays out funds to retired Americans.

Question 74

According to the text, the greatest need in developing countries in regard to family planning is

A)access.
B)education.
C)keeping men out of the decisions.
D)providing women with an incentive.

Question 75

Which of the following is a way in which countries have tried to increase their population growth?

A)paying a bonus to families that have babies
B)offering a monetary reward to women who have more than two children
C)creating policies to help women combine child rearing with employment
D)all of these

Question 76

Improving educational and occupational opportunities for women reduces population growth for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)educated women are more likely to marry younger than less-educated women.
B)educated women are more likely to use contraception.
C)greater education is related to more traditional roles in the family.
D)educated women are more likely to want fewer children.

Question 77

Retirees can claim Social Security benefits beginning at age​

A)​45.
B)​55.
C)​60.
D)​62.

Question 78

About ____________ of U.S.workers are not confident they will have enough money to live comfortably in retirement.

A)1/5
B)1/3
C)1/2
D)2/3

Question 79

The amount of Social Security benefits a person receives is based on

A)how much money they need.
B)a predefined formula guaranteeing equality.
C)how much money is available.
D)how much money that person earned during his/her working history.

Question 80

Social Security's total income will be sufficient to cover annual costs until approximately

A)2018
B)2033
C)2045
D)2055