Deck 7: Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

Question 1

What were Justinian's major goals and how did he try to achieve them? How successful was he in actually achieving those goals?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What contributions did the Germanic peoples make to the new political, economic, and social conditions of early European civilization?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Describe the system of government developed by the Christian church over the course of the third and fourth centuries. Why did church leaders believe such a government was necessary?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Odoacer

Question 5

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Visigoths and Ostrogoths

Question 6

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Edict of Milan

Question 7

Compare and contrast Byzantine and Islamic civilizations of the east with the civilization developing in western Europe.

Question 8

How did Diocletian and Constantine alter the Roman Empire, and with what long-term consequences?

Question 9

Compare the intellectual life of the Roman Empire during its heyday to the intellectual life of Christian Europe, both eastern and western, up through the seventh century C.E.

Question 10

Discuss the possible religious and non-religious reasons for the rapid spread of Islam from Arabia to Spain in the West and across the Persian Empire in the east.

Question 11

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Clovis

Question 12

What roles did women play in the monastic tradition and early Christianity? How were the roles for women and men distinctive in gendered ways? In what areas was their potential for overlap?

Question 13

What were the major contributions of Islam and Islamic civilization to the early medieval West? Be specific.

Question 14

What is the doctrine of Petrine supremacy, and what are its implications for the history of the early Christian church? In what ways does the doctrine of Petrine supremacy impact the relationship between church and state?

Question 15

In what ways were the teachings of Islam and those of the Christian church similar? In what ways were they different?

Question 16

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
compurgation and ordeal

Question 17

What religious and non-religious factors account for the rapid spread of Islam from Arabia to Spain in the West and across the Persian Empire in the east?

Question 18

What role did monks and nuns play in early medieval society? In what sense were they the "new heroes of Christian civilization"?

Question 19

How did Gregory I shape the development of the Christian church in Western Europe?

Question 20

What aspects of the western Roman Empire came to an end in the fifth century? What elements survived to shape the societies that developed in Western Europe from that point on?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Saint Augustine

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Justinian

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Byzantine Empire

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Umayyads

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Gregory I, the Great

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Shi'ites and Sunnites

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Muhammad

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
monasticism

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Benedictine rule

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Arianism

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
caliph

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Shari'a

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
jihad

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Qur'an

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Five Pillars of Islam

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Constantinople

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Hagia Sophia and Hippodrome

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Corpus Iuris Civilis

Question 39

What administrative change did Diocletian institute for the Roman Empire?

A)He made Christianity the official religion of the empire.
B)He administered the empire without assistance from a civil or military bureaucracy.
C)He divided power between himself and four other rulers.
D)He divided the empire into four regions, each with its own prefect while he maintained authority.
E)He made no changes since the administration of the empire worked well.

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Council of Nicaea

Question 41

Which of the following was true of the Germanic family during Late Antiquity?

A)It was replaced with Roman familial models.
B)It was less important than tribe affiliation.
C)It was matriarchal.
D)It was patriarchal.
E)It was strictly nuclear.

Question 42

What was true about the Ostrogoths?

A)They were a matriarchal society.
B)They had no interest in trade or agriculture.
C)They were a Celtic people.
D)They worked hard to maintain the Roman tradition of government.
E)They were hostile to Christianity in all its forms.

Question 43

What happened to the Ostrogothic kingdom after the death of Theodoric?

A)It prospered under very able rulers.
B)It was defeated by the Byzantines, reducing Rome as a center of Mediterranean culture.
C)It allied itself with the Vandals against the Visigoths.
D)It dominated Mediterranean trade for the next fifty years.
E)It converted the Germans to orthodox Christianity.

Question 44

What happened to the Frankish kingdom after Clovis' death in 510?

A)It remained united while his sons ruled it jointly.
B)It remained united with one son pushing the others to the side to rule alone.
C)It was divided among Clovis' sons, and each ruled a separate area.
D)It was reconquered by the Romans.
E)It was jointly rule by the Romans and the Franks.

Question 45

Why did Diocletian's anti-inflation policies fail?

A)They actually led to increased inflation.
B)They were unenforceable.
C)They were too weak and too narrowly targeted.
D)They were incoherent.
E)They did not have the full support of Diocletian himself.

Question 46

What was the heresy of Arianism?

A)It questioned the divinity of Jesus.
B)It denied the existence of God the Father.
C)It denied the existence of the Holy Spirit.
D)It reverted to Roman polytheistic religious beliefs.
E)It doubted the existence of the Holy Spirit.

Question 47

Who deposed the boy emperor Romulus Augustulus in 476?

A)Constantine
B)Clovis
C)Alaric
D)Odoacer
E)Aetius

Question 48

What happened to the Visigoths after they sacked Rome in 410?

A)They moved into Spain and southern Gaul.
B)They were wiped out by a Roman counter-attack.
C)They settled in Rome, becoming its new rulers.
D)They went back to their eastern homeland.
E)They crossed over to Egypt and began a new round of attacks.

Question 49

The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defeated which of the following near Poitiers in 732?

A)the Visigoths
B)the Burgundians
C)the Muslims
D)the Byzantines
E)the Merovingians

Question 50

Constantine's most enduring reform came in the creation of

A)a new system of Roman law.
B)the "New Rome."
C)wage and price controls.
D)the coloni .
E)the Pantheon.

Question 51

Constantine's support for Christianity supposedly began

A)before the Battle of Milvian Bridge.
B)after his defeat by his rival Maxentius.
C)after Constantine was baptized.
D)as the result of his wife's influence.
E)after he experienced a vision of the apocalypse.

Question 52

What was the Edict of Milan?

A)A statement making Christianity the official state religion of the empire.
B)Constantine's document officially tolerating the existence of Christianity.
C)A document officially dividing the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.
D)A formal deposition of the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, from his throne.
E)A statement making Milan the "New Rome", equal to old Rome.

Question 53

What was a consequence of the Council of Nicaea?

A)Women were barred from the priesthood.
B)All Christians formally recognized papal supremacy.
C)Arianism was condemned.
D)Arianism was wiped out in western Europe.
E)The emperor came to play a decreasing role in church affairs.

Question 54

What was the wergeld system meant to accomplish?

A)The prevention of blood feuds
B)Increased conversion to Christianity
C)A greater tax-base for Germanic governments
D)Decreased immigration to the West
E)Reduced intermarriage between tribes

Question 55

Why did the bishops of Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch have special power in church affairs?

A)The churches in those cities had important trade monopolies.
B)The churches in those cities embraced Arianism.
C)The churches in those cities claimed to have been founded by apostles.
D)The churches in those cities enjoyed the most imperial support.
E)The churches in those cities had large armies.

Question 56

Who pressured the Visigoths and other Germanic tribes to push into the Balkans region of the Eastern Roman Empire in the late fourth century?

A)Byzantines
B)Vikings
C)Avars
D)Arians
E)Huns

Question 57

What was a consequence of the withdrawal of Roman armies from Britain?

A)Celtic Britons were able to overrun the island.
B)Angles and Saxons, Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany, were able to invade and to establish new kingdoms on the isle.
C)Medieval Scottish culture was established.
D)Local Roman elites rebuilt English Latin culture.
E)Someone later known as King Arthur drove the Vikings from England.

Question 58

Which of these steps did imperials leaders take in an effort to maintain the tax base and keep the empire going?

A)They abolished the imperial bureaucracy.
B)They engaged in a fresh round of wars of conquest.
C)They enslaved over 75 percent of the population.
D)They forced people to remain in designated vocations.
E)They encouraged free trade.

Question 59

Who was the founder of the Frankish kingdom?

A)Thorvig
B)Conan
C)Hagar
D)Clovis
E)Charles Martel

Question 60

What was Theodoric, the Ostrogothic king who took control of Italy, determined to do?

A)Destroy Roman civilization and culture forever.
B)Destroy the Jews in Italy.
C)Sack the Byzantine Empire and depose the pope.
D)Maintain Roman customs and practices in Italy.
E)Make German the official and only language.

Question 61

What was the subject of The City of God ?

A)A response to pagan philosophers' attacks on Christianity
B)A warning to unbelievers that damnation awaited the unbaptized
C)An epic poem to rival the works of the greatest pagan poets
D)An ideal view of relations between those who loved god and those who were focused on earthly pursuits
E)A tool to convert the German barbarians

Question 62

The withdrawal of Roman armies from Britain enabled

A)Celtic Britons to overrun the island.
B)Angles and Saxons, Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany, to invade and to establish new kingdoms on the isle.
C)the rise of medieval Scottish culture.
D)local Roman elites to rebuild English Latin culture.
E)someone later known as King Arthur to drive the Vikings from England.

Question 63

According to church tradition, who was the first bishop of Rome?

A)Mark
B)Luke
C)John
D)Peter
E)Paul

Question 64

Who had the greatest value under Frankish law and social custom?

A)A female infant
B)A male infant
C)An elderly person
D)A woman of childbearing age
E)A young man of military age

Question 65

The Germans believed that the ordeal

A)could reveal the truth by showing which party God favored in a dispute.
B)would purify the spirit and bring one closer to God.
C)caused eternal damnation because its practice was classified as a heresy.
D)should be a spiritual rather than physical trial.
E)was the best means to deter crime.

Question 66

What was a major accomplishment of Gregory I?

A)He wiped out heresy in Western Europe.
B)He translated the Bible into Germanic languages.
C)He took control of Italy.
D)He initiated missionary efforts throughout Western Europe.
E)He forced the bishop of Alexandria to recognize his supreme authority.

Question 67

Who was the "Apostle to the Germans" and the most famous churchman in Europe in the eighth century?

A)Gregory the Great
B)Augustine
C)Jerome
D)Benedict
E)Boniface

Question 68

Saint Benedict of Nursia is best known for his

A)rules for monastic life.
B)writings on the nature of Jesus.
C)correspondence with Justinian.
D)encouragement of Arian missionaries.
E)hostility to the remnants of pagan culture.

Question 69

What was the attitude toward divorce in Frankish society?

A)It was illegal.
B)It could only be initiated by the husband.
C)It was difficult to obtain.
D)It was fairly easy to obtain.
E)It provided wives with spousal support.

Question 70

What did the first bishop of Rome's successors become known as?

A)Bishops of Rome
B)Popes
C)Patriarchs of Jerusalem
D)Archbishops of Antioch
E)Patriarchs of Constantinople

Question 71

Who developed the basic rule for western monastic living?

A)Benedict
B)Pachomius
C)Jerome
D)Ambrose
E)Basil

Question 72

What was the main emphasis in the Order of St. Benedict?

A)Study and the preservation of manuscripts
B)Ecstatic worship
C)Hard manual labor to learn humility
D)Prayer and meditation
E)A balance of study, work, and prayer

Question 73

The pope who supposedly caused Attila and the Huns to turn away from Rome was

A)Leo I.
B)Gregory the Great.
C)Peter I.
D)Augustine III.
E)Jerome the Great.

Question 74

What was the primary instrument used by Pope Gregory to convert the Germanic peoples?

A)The imperial army
B)Missionaries
C)Bribery
D)Eloquent speeches
E)The threat of force

Question 75

The word "Islam" means

A)God and his disciples.
B)person of faith.
C)enemy of infidels.
D)submission to the will of Allah.
E)follower of Muhammad.

Question 76

Which holy man created the first community of monks in Egypt and laid the foundations for the monastic movement?

A)Saint Martin
B)Saint Augustine
C)Saint Jerome
D)Saint Anthony
E)Saint Aquinas

Question 77

Western monasticism was characterized by

A)study and the preservation of manuscripts.
B)fasting and self-inflicted torments.
C)hard manual labor to learn humility.
D)prayer and meditation.
E)a balance of study, work, and prayer.

Question 78

Augustine's The City of God presented

A)an argument in favor of female church leaders.
B)an African view of love and forgiveness.
C)a Germanic view of the divine.
D)a Christian philosophy of government and history.
E)an argument against a formal priesthood.

Question 79

What was a woman's most important role in Frankish society?

A)Managing the household
B)Supporting her parents in old age
C)Bearing children to perpetuate the family
D)Helping care for the farm
E)Making clothing for the family

Question 80

Frankish marriage customs

A)prohibited sexual union until a year after marriage.
B)placed women on an equal footing with their husbands.
C)did not allow divorce.
D)placed strong sanctions on adulterous women.
E)required that husbands have numerous wives.