Deck 12: Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Question 1

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Cosimo de'Medici

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

How did monarchical governments develop during the fifteenth-century Renaissance? What accounts for the difference between the monarchies of Western Europe from those of Eastern Europe?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Compare and contrast warfare in the Middle Ages with that of the Renaissance with regards to causes, aims, financing, and technology, as well as who fought and for what motives.

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

In what ways was the Renaissance a "rebirth," driven by the recovery of old knowledge and perspectives? To what extent was the Renaissance a series of original innovations?

Question 5

What were the defining characteristics of the Italian Renaissance?

Question 6

How did the artistic Renaissance differ in Italy and northern Europe?

Question 7

Why were the humanists so interested in education? What kind of education did they promote?

Question 8

What role did the Renaissance papacy play in European politics and culture?

Question 9

What led to the economic recovery of the fifteenth century? What were the most important social consequences of that recovery?

Question 10

Is it accurate to refer to the monarchies of the late fifteenth century as "new monarchies"? Why or why not?

Question 11

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
secularism

Question 12

To what extent did Renaissance artists change society during their own lifetimes, and to what extent were they merely mirrors of changes going on around them?

Question 13

Discuss Italian Renaissance humanism. What does the word humanism mean? Who were the humanists? What were their goals? Did they achieve them?

Question 14

Discuss the major social changes of the Renaissance era. Were these changes a rejection or a continuation of medieval trends? Why?

Question 15

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
humanism

Question 16

Discuss the political development of Italy during the Renaissance. What new political practices (statecraft)did the Italians contribute to Europe? How are these new political practices reflected in the work of Machiavelli?

Question 17

What were the distinctive characteristics of the Renaissance artists? How does their art reflect the political and social events of the period?

Question 18

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Hanseatic League

Question 19

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Renaissance

Question 20

What major challenges faced the Catholic church in the fifteenth century? How did the church respond to these challenges?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Hermeticism

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Leonardo da Vinci

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Habsburg dynasty

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Johannes Gutenberg

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Raphael

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Ferdinand and Isabella

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Donatello's David

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Papal States

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Spanish Inquisition

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
new monarchies

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Machiavelli's The Prince

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Northern Renaissance

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Albrecht Dürer

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Ivan III

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Michelangelo

Question 36

What was the Italian Renaissance?

A)A mass movement of the peasants against aristocrats
B)A movement preoccupied with economic reform
C)A product of rural Italy focused on agricultural development
D)A recovery or rebirth of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture
E)A religious reform movement

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Petrarch

Question 38

What does the word "Renaissance" mean?

A)Rebirth
B)New world
C)Maturation
D)Escape
E)Culture

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
nepotism

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
John Wyclif and John Hus

Question 41

Florence's prosperity in the fifteenth century was fueled by

A)its domination of cotton cultivation.
B)its position in the slave trade.
C)the recovery of its woolen industry.
D)the wars in France and Spain.
E)the discovery of the Americas.

Question 42

Which family of merchants and bankers dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance?

A)Gonzaga
B)Bardi
C)Sforza
D)Medici
E)Machiavelli

Question 43

According to Castiglione, what was the aim of the perfect noble?

A)To enhance his family's wealth
B)To serve his prince in an effective and honest way
C)To become a member of a royal family
D)To found a royal dynasty
E)To enrich the lives of his dependents

Question 44

The majority of the wealth of the northern Italian cities used to fund the Renaissance was a result of

A)colonization.
B)mining.
C)agriculture.
D)military conquest.
E)trade.

Question 45

What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany?

A)Delian League
B)Prussian Confederation
C)Baltic League
D)League of German Cities
E)Hanseatic League

Question 46

Which of these groups comprised the First Estate?

A)The clergy
B)The nobility
C)The peasantry
D)The merchants
E)The monarchs

Question 47

According to Jacob Burckhardt, what did the Renaissance in Italy represent?

A)The greatest period of economic recovery in the history of civilization
B)A period of moral decline
C)An era of tremendous graft and corruption in Italian government
D)A continuation of the culture of the High Middle Ages
E)A distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world

Question 48

In Renaissance Italy

A)those with the same surname did not often live near one another.
B)the importance of the family helps explain the policy of retaliation involved in the vendetta.
C)the family bond was generally considered unimportant.
D)the family consisted of a nuclear household of parents and children.
E)a crime committed by one family member did not reflect on the rest of the family.

Question 49

Which of the following was NOT one of the five major powers that dominated the fifteenth-century Italian peninsula?

A)Florence.
B)the Papal States.
C)Milan.
D)Mantua.
E)Naples.

Question 50

What was Italy's political status by the fifteenth century?

A)It was a centralized state.
B)It was dominated by the Papal States exclusively.
C)It was the foremost European power.
D)It was dominated by five major regional independent powers.
E)It was Europe's largest republican democracy.

Question 51

Which of these groups was at the bottom of the social hierarchy in Renaissance Italy?

A)Peasants
B)Slaves
C)The urban poor
D)Factory workers
E)Parish priests

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT true of industries in fifteenth-century Italy?

A)Italian cities expanded luxury industries involving precious stones and glassware.
B)New techniques for digging deeper mines helped spur the development of larger mining operations.
C)The Florentine woolen industry never recovered from the economic depression of the fourteenth century.
D)New skills in metalworking contributed to the development of more effective firearms.
E)Printing was among the new industries that grew dramatically in importance.

Question 53

The ____ was the center of the Italian family.

A)father
B)mother
C)son
D)daughter
E)grandmother

Question 54

Which statement best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?

A)Young men asked women for their hand in marriage, after a lengthy courtship.
B)Husbands were generally the same age as their spouses.
C)Parents usually arranged marriages for their children to strengthen alliances.
D)Men and women waited longer to get married than in the Middle Ages.
E)Men and women married earlier than in the Middle Ages because of increased economic opportunities.

Question 55

The Book of the Courtier was a

A)primer on military training for nobles.
B)popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats.
C)sharp denunciation of the wasteful noble life.
D)treatise against active participation in public life.
E)work on how to achieve political power and then keep it.

Question 56

Who primarily comprised the Third Estate in the fifteenth century?

A)City residents
B)Merchants
C)Clergy
D)Peasants
E)Nobles

Question 57

Which statement best describes the sixteenth-century aristocracy?

A)The aristocracy dominated society as it had done in the Middle Ages.
B)The aristocracy was largely surpassed by the up and coming merchant class.
C)The aristocracy was still powerful, but had little new blood to keep it vital.
D)The aristocracy was extremely uneducated compared to the nobility of the Middle Ages.
E)The aristocracy largely disappeared by the early seventeenth century.

Question 58

Which of these places was a republic during the fifteenth century?

A)Rome
B)Naples
C)Venice
D)Milan
E)Ferrara

Question 59

Which of these groups was at the top of urban society during the Renaissance?

A)Patricians
B)Nobles
C)Clergy
D)Shopkeepers
E)Wage workers

Question 60

Peasants made up about ____ of the European population.

A)5 to 10 percent
B)30 to 35 percent
C)50 to 60 percent
D)60 to 80 percent
E)85 to 90 percent

Question 61

In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of the rulers of

A)France and England.
B)England and Spain.
C)the Ottoman Empire and Spain.
D)Spain and Germany.
E)Spain and France.

Question 62

What was the Corpus Hermeticum ?

A)It was a series of histories written by papal secretaries.
B)It was a treatise that radically conflicted with the ideas of Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man .
C)It was a series of writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations.
D)It was a treatise that advocated the final rejection of Neoplatonic thought.
E)It was a scientific treatise and included no spiritual or philosophical concepts.

Question 63

The development of printing in the fifteenth century

A)pertained predominantly to secular works, as theological works were still done by hand.
B)saw the invention of movable type by Nicholas Fabian.
C)ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society.
D)made communication and collaborative work between scholars more difficult due to competition.
E)had little impact until the eighteenth century.

Question 64

What did Johannes Gutenberg develop?

A)The water wheel
B)The astrolabe
C)The movable type printing press
D)Smokeless gunpowder
E)The compass

Question 65

The Peace of Lodi served to

A)limit the sexual scandals that plagued the Papal court.
B)keep Naples from interfering in northern Italian affairs.
C)maintain peace between the Italian states for 40 years.
D)maintain peace between the Italian communes and the Habsburgs.
E)ensconce the Medici in both Florence and Naples.

Question 66

What was the goal of a "liberal studies" education?

A)To create well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens
B)To reach all segments of society, rich and poor
C)To advocate science and research, not rhetoric and verbal skills
D)To exclude Christian teachings
E)To achieve political success as an educated man

Question 67

Who said, ''Christ is my God; Cicero is the prince of the language"?

A)Savanarola
B)Leonardo da Vinci
C)Petrarch
D)Dante
E)Boccaccio

Question 68

What did Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man state about humans?

A)Humans were fallen creatures, but regain their place by following God's will.
B)Humans were nothing more than undifferentiated animals.
C)Humans were divine and destined to spiritual life.
D)Humans were destined to survive because they were the fittest animals.
E)Humans could be whatever they chose or willed.

Question 69

Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling woman was

A)Battista Sforza.
B)Isabella d'Este.
C)Christina of Milan.
D)Catherine de Medici.
E)Christine de Pizan.

Question 70

What was the primary goal of Renaissance artists?

A)To imitate nature, particularly by focusing on the human being
B)To focus solely on abstract expressions of religion
C)To focus on realistic depictions of political developments
D)To eliminate the human being from artistic rendering
E)To depict the peasants as much as the nobility

Question 71

Which statement best describes Italian Renaissance humanism in the early fifteenth century?

A)It increasingly became alienated from political life.
B)It was based on the study of the Greco-Roman classics.
C)It rejected the church and Christianity in general.
D)It helped revive Greek as a "living" language.
E)It had little interest in the past, and instead, focused only on the present.

Question 72

Humanism's main effect on the writing of history was

A)a stress on God's influence on human events.
B)the secularization of the writing of history and the explanation of change over time.
C)anti-Christian attacks on medieval historians.
D)an increasing reliance on archaeological evidence.
E)an emphasis on the importance of non-Western subject matter.

Question 73

Which of these advances was a product of the Italian Renaissance?

A)The use of the vernacular in government
B)The modern diplomatic system
C)Mechanized factories
D)Centralized economic planning
E)Labor unions

Question 74

What is Marsilio Ficino most closely associated?

A)Socialism
B)Nihilism
C)Stoicism
D)Neoplatonism
E)Scholasticism

Question 75

Which of these areas was ruled by a king during the fifteenth century?

A)Venice
B)Rome
C)Naples
D)Milan
E)Florence

Question 76

Laura Cereta defended the ability of women to

A)serve in the military.
B)pursue scholarly activities.
C)be priests.
D)physically dominate men.
E)rule large empires.

Question 77

According to Machiavelli's The Prince, what must a successful ruler do?

A)Strive to earn the love of his people.
B)Follow Christian principles in all his endeavors.
C)Care for the weak, poor, and helpless.
D)Squelch all opposition immediately.
E)Act without scruples for the good of the state.

Question 78

Which ancient writer was considered by civic humanists as their model?

A)Aristotle.
B)Plato.
C)Cicero.
D)Marcus Aurelius.
E)Suetonius.

Question 79

What innovation did Italian artists in the fifteenth century begin to use?

A)They ignored nature and painted for expression.
B)They experimented in areas of perspective.
C)They copied the works of previous artists.
D)They moved away from the study of anatomical structure.
E)They focused entirely upon the natural landscape in reaction to the spiritual ideals of the Middle Ages.

Question 80

Which two outside states vied to control Italy during the Italian wars of the fifteenth century?

A)France and Spain
B)Germany and Spain
C)France and Greece
D)Spain and Greece
E)France and Germany