Deck 26: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919-1939

Question 1

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
League of Nations

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

How did nationalist movements shape developments in the Middle East, India, and Africa between World War I and World War II?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

Why were relations between France and Germany so difficult in the years immediately following World War I?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

What explains the collapse of Weimar Germany? What does the Weimar Republic's failure suggest about the fragility of democracy in western Europe after World War I?

Question 5

What were Hitler's core ideas or assumptions? What were the methods used to implement them once he and the Nazis had established the Nazi state in Germany?

Question 6

Compare and contrast the Stalinist with the Bolshevik state established after the Russian Revolution in 1917. How and why did economic, social, and political policies change over time?

Question 7

What were the key institutions of the Italian fascist state? What did kind of government and society did Mussolini and the fascists hope to create?

Question 8

What role did ideas of race and military power play in the development of the Nazi state?

Question 9

Compare and contrast the ideas of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. How did each man understand the "unconscious"?

Question 10

How do the cultural and intellectual trends of the 1920s and 1930s reflect a crisis of confidence in Western civilization?

Question 11

Compare and contrast the British, French, and American responses to the Great Depression.

Question 12

Who were the Surrealists and what kind of art did they create? What were their central insights and ideas?

Question 13

What were Stalin's economic goals? How did he go about trying to achieve them?

Question 14

What were social consequences of the Great Depression in Europe and the United States?

Question 15

What impact did the growth of mass culture and mass leisure have upon European society in the 1920s and 1930s?

Question 16

What are the chief characteristics of totalitarianism? Compare and contrast totalitarianism in Soviet Russia, Nazi Germany, and Fascist Italy. Were all successful at fulfilling the goals of totalitarianism?

Question 17

How did radio and movies contribute to the development of mass culture?

Question 18

In your opinion, did Europe develop totalitarian states in the 1930s? Why or why not?

Question 19

What crises and changes did the democratic states in Europe and the United States face during the interwar years? How successful were they in resolving their challenges?

Question 20

What were the causes of the Great Depression? How did the European states respond to the Great Depression?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Leon Trotsky

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
New Economic Policy

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
uncertainty principle

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Adolf Hitler

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
five-year plans

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Nuremberg laws

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Lebensraum

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Weimar Republic

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Dawes Plan

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the New Deal

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
John Maynard Keynes

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
totalitarian state

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Nazis

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
fascism

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Enabling Act

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Kristallnacht

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Benito Mussolini

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Joseph Stalin

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Popular Front

Question 41

What best describes the first Popular Front government in France?

A)It solved the nation's budget problems by eliminating workers' benefits.
B)It gave ordinary workers new rights and benefits including a minimum wage.
C)It was able to solve the problems of economic depression.
D)It collapsed in 1926, allowing Raymond Poincaré's Cartel of the Left to take power.
E)It remained in power until the German invasion of 1942.

Question 42

How did France respond to the German government's announcement that it could not afford to make any more reparations payments?

A)It looked to the U.S. to mediate the conflict.
B)It occupied the Ruhr Valley.
C)It declared war on Germany.
D)It offered to accept a reduced, compromise payment.
E)It sued Germany in the court of the League of Nations.

Question 43

What was one significant effect of the Great Depression in Europe?

A)The complete destruction of Communist parties
B)The escalation of unemployment rates in all nations but Great Britain
C)The strengthening of liberal, democratic movements in the 1930s
D)The rise of authoritarian movements in many areas of Europe
E)The growth of free trade in order to spur economic recovery

Question 44

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Dadaism

Question 45

Which two Western nations were most affected by the Great Depression?

A)Germany and France
B)France and Sweden
C)the United States and Great Britain
D)Germany and Belgium
E)Germany and the United States

Question 46

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
"degenerate art"

Question 47

What helped usher in a new era of European prosperity between 1924 and 1929?

A)The French occupation of the Ruhr Valley
B)Germany's decision to print extra money
C)The system of reparations payments devised in 1919 and foisted on Germany
D)American investments following the Dawes Plan
E)Escalating prices for agricultural goods

Question 48

Which one of the following did NOT characterize the weakness of the League of Nations?

A)the failure of the United States to join.
B)U.S. determination to be less involved in European affairs.
C)U.S. determination to be more involved in European affairs.
D)economic sanctions as the League's sole weapon.
E)failure of the League to reprimand member states for acts of aggression.

Question 49

Which Middle Eastern Muslim nation made a conscious effort to adopt Western secular culture after World War I?

A)Egypt
B)Iraq
C)Saudi Arabia
D)Palestine
E)Turkey

Question 50

What was the result of France's occupation of the Ruhr valley?

A)A policy of passive resistance by the German government
B)An alliance between Germany and Russia
C)The election of Raymond Poincaré's French government in 1924
D)An increase in the size of the German military
E)A decision by Germany to leave the League of Nations

Question 51

Following the Ruhr crisis, Gustav Stresemann took over as the leader of the ____ government.

A)Polish
B)Dutch
C)German
D)French
E)Belgian

Question 52

What 1925 settlement saw Germany agree to accept its western borders with France?

A)Berne Protocol
B)Treaty of Versailles
C)Rapollo Agreement
D)Geneva Accord
E)Treaty of Locarno

Question 53

After World War I, Great Britain and ____ divided up many of Germany's colonial possessions.

A)Spain
B)the United States
C)France
D)the Soviet Union
E)the Netherlands

Question 54

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
"stream of consciousness"

Question 55

The Dawes Plan

A)gave formal American approval to the French occupation of the Ruhr valley.
B)increased Germany's reparation payments in the face of fear Germany would default.
C)was a failed treaty between Germany and Austria over Germany's southern border.
D)granted a $200 million loan for German recovery.
E)was a treaty guaranteeing the border between Germany and Poland.

Question 56

Much of Europe's prosperity in the 1920s was built on ____.

A)budget deficits
B)loans from the United States
C)excessive taxation
D)faulty accounting
E)the strength of the agricultural sector

Question 57

What best explains why the Labour Party fell from power in 1931?

A)Financial corruption
B)Sex scandals
C)Policy failures
D)Military failures
E)Poor political campaigning

Question 58

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Bauhaus School and Walter Gropius

Question 59

Mohandas Gandhi was known as the Mahatma, or "____."

A)Little God
B)Saintly Man
C)Great Soul
D)Peaceful One
E)Great Leader

Question 60

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal policies in the United States

A)were successful by 1932.
B)virtually eliminated unemployment.
C)brought about government ownership of most industries.
D)brought about a partial economic recovery, but full employment did not return until World War II's rearmament.
E)were all declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Question 61

During the 1920s, Germany's Weimar Republic

A)possessed outstanding politicians.
B)suffered from uprisings by both left and right.
C)was able to enact major reforms to Germany's basic governmental structure.
D)managed to win support for the republic by leaders of powerful business cartels.
E)None of these are correct.

Question 62

Benito Mussolini began his political career as a(n)____.

A)anarchist.
B)conservative.
C)liberal.
D)socialist.
E)communist.

Question 63

Which statement is correct regarding Hitler's anti-Semitic policies in the 1930s?

A)They centered on the forced emigration of all Jews from Germany.
B)They were emulated in France by the Popular Front.
C)They did not exclude Jews from working in legal, medical, and teaching positions.
D)They would remain minimal and unorganized until World War II.
E)They reached their most violent phase during Kristallnacht , with attacks on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

Question 64

By 1932, the Nazi Party was

A)beloved by almost all non-Jewish Germans.
B)in disarray.
C)in firm control of the German government.
D)4 million members strong.
E)the largest party in the Reichstag.

Question 65

What best describes the totalitarian regimes of Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union?

A)They pursued vastly different foreign policies.
B)They held each other in disdain.
C)They hoped to control every aspect of their citizens' lives.
D)They retained power due to the charisma of their leaders.
E)They established a formal alliance directed against laissez-faire liberal capitalism.

Question 66

In 1926 Mussolini's government

A)began deporting Italian Jews.
B)outlawed all anti-Fascist parties.
C)began a series of attacks on the Catholic Church.
D)signed an alliance with the Soviet Union.
E)went to war with Austria.

Question 67

Which of these states was the first to adopt fascism?

A)Germany
B)Spain
C)Italy
D)Russia
E)Canada

Question 68

How did Hitler bring Germany out of the Depression?

A)By staging mass rallies
B)By printing money
C)By launching rearmament and public works programs
D)By implementing price controls
E)By nationalizing key industries

Question 69

Who were the squadristi ?

A)Mussolini's closest advisors
B)Armed bands of fascists who used violence to intimidate enemies
C)Elite soldiers of the Fascist state
D)Officers in the Italian military
E)Military opponents of Mussolini

Question 70

The Nazis proved to be effective in the realm of politics by

A)securing many small donations from large German corporations.
B)making the Nazi program appeal to every segment of German society.
C)persuading the average German that their program was the only alternative to the inept Weimar regime.
D)forcing the poorer Germans to vote for Nazi candidates through intimidation.
E)unconstitutionally seizing power by force.

Question 71

At the core of Hitler's ideas was

A)socialism.
B)anti-nationalism.
C)republicanism.
D)secularism.
E)racism.

Question 72

What was true of the Lateran Accords of 1929?

A)They nationalized all church property.
B)They recognized Catholicism as the sole religion of Italy.
C)They marked the Catholic church's official condemnation of the Fascist state.
D)They eliminated government support for the Catholic church.
E)They turned the property of the Vatican over to the Italian government in exchange for tax reductions.

Question 73

What best describes the status of women in Mussolini's Fascist Italy?

A)Women were coerced into factory work to aid industrial production.
B)Women were regarded as equal to men in social status.
C)Women were encouraged to be homemakers and discouraged from working.
D)Women were aided by the government's emphasis on birth control.
E)Women were required under pain of imprisonment to join the Black Shirts.

Question 74

Which of these factors aided the growth of Mussolini's Fascist movement?

A)The reaction against Italy's communist government, formed after World War I
B)The popular, nationalistic resentment toward Italy's treatment following World War I
C)The crop failures in 1920 and 1921
D)The economic cooperation between Italy, Germany, and the Soviet Union
E)The fall of the Italian monarchy and the establishment of a workers' dictatorship

Question 75

The most famous and spectacular of the Nazi mass demonstrations were held in the city of

A)Berlin.
B)Munich.
C)Augsburg.
D)Hamburg.
E)Nuremberg.

Question 76

What purpose did the SA play in the 1920s?

A)The SA was used to raise funds for party activities.
B)The SA was used to defend the party in meeting halls.
C)The SA was used as Hitler's personal body guard.
D)The SA distributed Nazi propaganda.
E)The SA was the "respectable" face of the Nazis.

Question 77

Which one of the following was NOT true of modern totalitarian states?

A)They expected active loyalty from citizens.
B)They used modern mass propaganda techniques.
C)They aimed to control economic and political aspects of life.
D)They largely ignored cultural aspects of life.
E)They were led by a single leader and a single party.

Question 78

What best describes the institutional framework of Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship?

A)It lacked a secret police force.
B)It included highly popular and well attended Fascists youth organizations.
C)It was primarily aimed at aiding the workers and peasants.
D)It never created the degree of totalitarian control found in Russia and Germany in the 1930s.
E)It was the most successful of the authoritarian states that appeared in Europe in the interwar years.

Question 79

What best describes Hitler's book, Mein Kampf ?

A)It depicted Hitler's plan to take power through a massive rebellion.
B)It set forth Hitler's ideology of Aryan supremacy and anti-Semitism.
C)It excluded any trace of Hitler's anti-Semitism.
D)It was immediately seen by German politicians as the dangerous work of a madman.
E)It immediately became a best-seller throughout Europe including the Soviet Union.

Question 80

What was true of the Nazi policy toward women?

A)Nazi policy differed fundamentally from those of Fascist Italy.
B)Nazi policy eliminated females from all professional occupations.
C)Nazi policy aimed at bridging the differences between the sexes.
D)Nazi policy encouraged women to focus on having children and on domestic life.
E)Nazi policy organized all adult women in military brigades.