Deck 24: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

Question 1

What were the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution of 1905?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

How do the philosophical trends of the late nineteenth century compare to the same era's artistic achievements?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Why did international rivalries intensify in Europe in the decade leading up to World War I

Question 5

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Albert Einstein's E=mc²

Question 6

By the early twentieth century, was the Ottoman Empire still a major force in Western civilization?

Question 7

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Max Planck and quanta

Question 8

What was the Dreyfus affair, and how did it symbolize European anti-Semitism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Question 9

What led to the conflict between modernization and traditionalism in William's Germany?

Question 10

In what ways is it accurate to identify Europe in the period between 1894 and 1914 as possessing a worldview dominated by the ideas of Social Darwinism? In what ways is that assessment inaccurate?

Question 11

How did Modernism in literature and the arts represent a break with the styles of past? How did Modernism represent the attempt of writers and artists to seek new means of expression to comment upon and reflect their changing world?

Question 12

What are the defining characteristics of modernism?

Question 13

Compare and contrast the responses of China and Japan to European and American imperialism?

Question 14

How did the place of Jews in European society change over the course of the nineteenth century?

Question 15

What did nineteenth-century women's rights activists hope to achieve?

Question 16

How did the "new physics" challenge the established certainties of classical physics?

Question 17

What did the New Physics and concepts of psychoanalysis contribute to Modernism?

Question 18

Compare and contrast political developments in Britain and France in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. How would you explain the differences you note?

Question 19

What led to the scramble for Africa? How did the colonization of Africa affect relations between the European powers?

Question 20

What were the causes of the "New Imperialism" of the late nineteenth century? What were some of the arguments to justify this imperialism? What were the results or consequences of this imperialism?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Suez Canal

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Spanish-American War

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Zionism

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Cecil Rhodes

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
suffragists

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Russo-Japanese War

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
psychoanalysis

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Sun Yat-sen

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Boxer Rebellion

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Meiji Restoration

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Boer War

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Commodore Matthew Perry

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the "new woman"

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Modernism

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
abstract painting

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Social Darwinism

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Alfred Dreyfus

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
New Imperialism

Question 41

Whose quantum theory raised fundamental questions about the subatomic realm of the atom?

A)Tesla
B)Einstein
C)Planck
D)Curie
E)Carver

Question 42

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Triple Alliance

Question 43

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Balkans' Crises

Question 44

What is the superego, according to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A)The center of moral conscience
B)The center of rational calculation
C)The center of animal drives
D)The center of creative imagination
E)The center of troubles

Question 45

Einstein concluded that matter was

A)not really real.
B)just another form of energy.
C)fundamentally different than energy.
D)indestructible.
E)a form of time.

Question 46

The ____ often portrayed characters caught in the grip of forces beyond their control.

A)Naturalists
B)Symbolists
C)Cubists
D)Impressionists
E)Post-Impressionists

Question 47

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Indian National Congress

Question 48

What was the process that drove unwanted thoughts into the unconscious in Freud's theory of psychoanalysis?

A)Self-gratification
B)Neural dysfunction
C)Animal drives
D)Repression
E)Id erasure

Question 49

Social Darwinism was

A)the application of the principle of organic evolution to the social order.
B)an effort to explain the problems of society by psychological means.
C)an explanation, sociologically, of Darwin's biological ideas.
D)advocated by Nietzsche.
E)condemned by Freud.

Question 50

About what did Max Planck's quantum theory of energy raise fundamental questions?

A)The structure of stars
B)Acceptance of medieval theories of chemical reaction
C)The subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world
D)The safe transmission of electrical energy for powering modern economies
E)The electro-dynamics of moving bodies

Question 51

Marie and Paul Curie discovered

A)platinum.
B)radium.
C)xenon.
D)krypton.
E)helium.

Question 52

Who wrote the best example of naturalistic literature?

A)Victor Hugo
B)Charles Dickens
C)Albert Camus
D)Émile Zola
E)Gustave Flaubert

Question 53

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Triple Entente

Question 54

In what two areas of science did Marie Curie win Nobel prizes?

A)Cellular biology and chemistry
B)Physics and cellular biology
C)Physics and chemistry
D)Geology and physics
E)Chemistry and astronomy

Question 55

What was the greatest difference between naturalism and realism in literature?

A)Realism dealt more with themes like human suffering.
B)Naturalism was more popular than realism.
C)Naturalism was generally more pessimistic than realism.
D)Realism was simply a continuation of naturalism.
E)Realism was more generally pessimistic than naturalism.

Question 56

What did Friedrich von Bernhardi see as essential for human progress?

A)War
B)Tolerance
C)Equality
D)Slavery
E)Peace

Question 57

According to relativity theory

A)space is absolute but time is relative to the observer.
B)time is absolute but space is relative to the observer.
C)neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer.
D)time and space are both absolute.
E)both time and space had an existence independent of human experience.

Question 58

According to Nietzsche, ____ was/were decadent and incapable of cultural creativity.

A)women
B)African societies
C)socialist political parties
D)China
E)Western bourgeois society

Question 59

Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer argued that

A)no progress in human society was now possible and decadence had set in everywhere.
B)no rational justification could be given to "natural selection."
C)peaceful progress was inevitable.
D)evolution could never be reversed.
E)human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments.

Question 60

In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to

A)lead the world in high-tech manufacturing.
B)lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe.
C)be the European leader in music and the arts.
D)generate the next great world religion.
E)failure if they did not accept Jews as the originators of Western civilization.

Question 61

What was the first professional occupation opened up to women?

A)Efficiency expert
B)Lawyer
C)Business management
D)Engineering
E)Teaching

Question 62

With what artistic movement was Camille Pissarro associated?

A)Expressionism
B)Romanticism
C)Post-Impressionism
D)Impressionism
E)Dadaism

Question 63

What happened at the premier of Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring ?

A)It drew great public acclaim as a modern masterwork.
B)It inspired many authors to write poems using the music.
C)It caused a riot by the audience because of its sharp dissonance and blatant sensuality.
D)It restored audiences' faith in music as a rational and soothing art.
E)It was ignored when first performed and only became recognized as a classic several decades later.

Question 64

What was one of the notable achievements of the British Liberals under David Lloyd George?

A)Unilateral British disarmament and world peace proposals
B)Creation of an system of unemployment insurance
C)Nationalization of all private industry in Britain
D)Reductions in the size of the British colonial empire
E)Dramatic across-the-board tax cuts

Question 65

Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by

A)rapidly rising suicide rates, especially in cities.
B)refusals by German leaders to enact new welfare legislation.
C)the use of military forces to put down urban riots.
D)the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs.
E)peasant rebellions, particularly in the Rhineland region.

Question 66

Theodor Herzl wanted to establish a Jewish state in

A)eastern Poland.
B)South America.
C)Palestine.
D)western Germany.
E)Canada.

Question 67

Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese War led to

A)The dismissal of Count Witte
B)The loss of all of Siberia to Japan
C)The enlargement of the Duma
D)An unsuccessful coup by the Tsar
E)The Revolution of 1905

Question 68

Artists embracing ____ used geometric designs as visual stimuli to re-create reality in the viewer's mind.

A)Surrealism
B)Cubism
C)Impressionism
D)Neo-Romanticism
E)Post-Impressionism

Question 69

By the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of Jews occurred in which area?

A)Italy
B)Germany
C)France
D)Western Europe
E)Eastern Europe

Question 70

By 1914, ____ had become the strongest military and industrial power on the continent.

A)Russia
B)Austria
C)the Netherlands
D)Germany
E)France

Question 71

Florence Nightingale gained fame for her work during

A)the Danish War.
B)the Franco-Prussian War.
C)the Revolutions of 1848.
D)he Crimean War.
E)the Civil War.

Question 72

To advance the cause of women's suffrage, the Women's Social and Political Union founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

A)took a moderate approach to the problem seeking to demonstrate first that women were intelligent and could use political power wisely if given the vote.
B)took a conservative approach to the problem and strongly recommended that only upper-class and educated women be considered as potential voters.
C)took a radical, public, and well publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs.
D)considered the political situation of women in Europe to be hopeless and advised women seeking the vote to move to other countries, like the U.S., where the chances of gaining political equality were greater.
E)formed a peaceful alliance with Britain's Communist Party.

Question 73

What did Britain's Fabian Socialists seek?

A)They demanded the immediate nationalization of all British industry and transportation facilities.
B)They urged the Proletariat to begin a revolt against the government.
C)They wanted to participate in the political process.
D)They favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.
E)They practiced civil disobedience against the power of Parliament.

Question 74

Which event best exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century?

A)The Boulanger coup
B)The Sorel uprising
C)The Dreyfus affair
D)the Zola capitulation
E)The fall of the Third Republic

Question 75

Which institution's power was radically curtailed by David Lloyd George in order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program?

A)The military
B)The Bank of England
C)The monarchy
D)The House of Commons
E)The House of Lords

Question 76

The Symbolists were primarily associated with which of the following types of writing?

A)novels
B)poetry
C)critical essays
D)letters
E)All of these are correct.

Question 77

Who gained fame for her actions during the American Civil War?

A)Clara Barton
B)Florence Nightingale
C)Amalie Sieveking
D)Emmeline Pankhurst
E)Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 78

What did the Pan-German League advocate?

A)German withdrawal from world affairs and concentration on internal political reforms
B)The development of a global German colonial empire
C)German leadership in the development of international pacifist organizations
D)Strict limitations on development of German industry
E)A German takeover of western Poland

Question 79

Why does Maria Montessori exemplify the "new woman" of modern times?

A)She became a leading advocate of the vote for women.
B)She entered Italian politics as a liberal.
C)She created the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom.
D)She obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.
E)She was the first professional woman who received equal pay for equal work.

Question 80

What was a chief belief of Symbolists?

A)The supremacy of science over religion
B)The fundamental rationality of existence
C)The inability to obtain objective knowledge of the world
D)The functionality of art
E)The futility of art