Deck 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

Question 1

How did events in the Balkans in 1914 spark World War I?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

define the following term:
The "Great War"

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

define the following term:
the Schlieffen Plan

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

What role did technology play in the high casualty rate suffered during World War I? What other factors contributed to the high casualty rates?

Question 5

In your opinion, was the peace settlement at the end World War I a just and fair one? Why or why not?

Question 6

define the following term:
First Battle of the Marne

Question 7

How did women's lives change during World War I?

Question 8

define the following term:
mobilization

Question 9

In what sense was the Great War a "world war"?

Question 10

How would you explain the communist victory in the Russian Civil War?

Question 11

define the following term:
Battles of Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes

Question 12

In your opinion, what nation or nations was most responsible for starting World War I?

Question 13

define the following term:
Black Hand

Question 14

What was Germany's strategy at the outset of the war? Why did it fail?

Question 15

Describe Woodrow Wilson's vision of the postwar world. Was it realistic? Optimistic? Explain.

Question 16

define the following term:
conscription

Question 17

define the following term:
Sarajevo

Question 18

Why did the Allies eventually prevail over the Central Powers?

Question 19

How did World War I contribute to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution?

Question 20

Who were the Bolsheviks and what did they want?

Question 21

define the following term:
Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Question 22

define the following term:
"Peace and bread"

Question 23

define the following term:
Defense of the Realm Act

Question 24

define the following term:
"War Girls"

Question 25

define the following term:
Georges Clemenceau

Question 26

define the following term:
Nicholas II

Question 27

define the following term:
Petrograd

Question 28

define the following term:
Verdun and the Somme

Question 29

define the following term:
Central Powers

Question 30

define the following term:
the machine gun and poison gas

Question 31

define the following term:
total war

Question 32

define the following term:
Rasputin

Question 33

define the following term:
the Lusitania

Question 34

define the following term:
unrestricted submarine warfare

Question 35

define the following term:
genocide

Question 36

define the following term:
militarism

Question 37

define the following term:
trench warfare

Question 38

define the following term:
Lawrence of Arabia

Question 39

define the following term:
nationalization

Question 40

define the following term:
the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 41

define the following term:
Second Battle of the Marne

Question 42

define the following term:
Bolsheviks

Question 43

define the following term:
the Cheka

Question 44

define the following term:
"war communism"

Question 45

define the following term:
League of Nations

Question 46

define the following term:
the Red Terror

Question 47

define the following term:
November 11, 1918

Question 48

define the following term:
Gallipoli

Question 49

define the following term:
Leon Trotsky

Question 50

define the following term:
V.I. Lenin

Question 51

define the following term:
Paris Peace Conference

Question 52

define the following term:
soviets

Question 53

define the following term:
War Guilt Clause

Question 54

define the following term:
Treaty of Versailles

Question 55

define the following term:
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question 56

define the following term:
Woodrow Wilson

Question 57

define the following term:
"dictated peace"

Question 58

define the following term:
reparations

Question 59

define the following term:
Reds and Whites

Question 60

define the following term:
self-determination

Question 61

How many men died at the ten-month Battle of Verdun?

A)10,000
B)100,000
C)500,000
D)700,000
E)1 million

Question 62

What assumption underlay the Schlieffen Plan?

A)That France could not be conquered by Germany alone
B)That Britain would stay out of the coming war
C)That Germany would be fighting a two-front war
D)That the coming war would be long and bloody
E)That Russia was Germany's most dangerous adversary

Question 63

How did the war in the East differ from the war in Western Europe during 1914?

A)It was marked by immobility.
B)It was marked by mobility.
C)It developed methodically and took months to get heated.
D)It was marked by careful diplomacy.
E)It involved much smaller numbers of troops.

Question 64

Who did Austria turn to for approval of its plan to attack Serbia?

A)Hungary
B)Russia
C)Germany
D)The Ottoman Empire
E)France

Question 65

European military machines ____ between 1890 and 1914.

A)shrank considerably in size
B)doubled in size
C)were largely unchanged in size
D)increased fivefold in size
E)increased tenfold in size

Question 66

Why did Tsar Nicholas II order full mobilization on July 29, 1914?

A)He was tricked into doing so.
B)He did not believe his generals assessment of the military situation.
C)He wanted revenge against Austria.
D)He was obligated to do so under the terms of the Concert of Europe.
E)His generals told him he had no choice.

Question 67

Which nineteenth-century European political movement was most responsible for triggering World War I?

A)Nationalism
B)Liberalism
C)Conservatism
D)Socialism
E)Modernism

Question 68

Which two nations had no mandatory military service prior to World War I?

A)Germany and Austria-Hungary
B)Great Britain and the United States
C)France and Great Britain
D)Italy and Germany
E)Russia and France

Question 69

How did Europeans perceive the upcoming war in August 1914?

A)It would be the dawn of a new socialist Europe.
B)It would be very short, possibly only weeks in duration.
C)It would mark the end of European civilization.
D)Its long-term nature would revive Europe's suffering economy.
E)It would be avoided at the last minute, once the diplomats finally met together.

Question 70

From which empire did the Balkan states gain independence prior to World War I?

A)The British Empire
B)The United States Empire
C)The Ottoman Empire
D)The French Empire
E)The German Empire

Question 71

What did most Europeans believe about the Great War?

A)It would be much like the American Civil War in length.
B)It would be an exciting, emotional release from the otherwise dull and boring existence of mass society.
C)It would last for years creating a rousing state of perpetual heroics as proclaimed by Nietzsche in his writings on the "superman."
D)It would ultimately bring about the unification of Europe in one centralized and highly militarized government.
E)It would result in a new balance of power throughout all of Western Civilization.

Question 72

define the following term:
mandates

Question 73

At the First Battle of the Marne,

A)Germany was halted just east of Paris.
B)Germany won a crucial victory.
C)France drove the Germans back across the border.
D)U.S. troops distinguished themselves with their bravery.
E)poison gas proved the decisive weapon.

Question 74

What was the immediate catalyst of World War I?

A)The uprising of Catholic peasants in Bavaria
B)The assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo
C)The German invasion of Poland
D)The German naval blockade of Britain
E)The French occupation of the Ruhr

Question 75

define the following term:
Yugoslavia

Question 76

At the beginning of the twentieth century, socialist labor movements

A)were in steep decline.
B)had largely been co-opted by big business.
C)had grown more powerful.
D)had little support in Germany and Britain.
E)were almost nonexistent.

Question 77

Which of the following entered the war on the Allied side in 1915?

A)The United States
B)Japan
C)Italy
D)The Ottoman Empire
E)Spain

Question 78

What was the main reason why European diplomats were incapable of slowing a rush toward war as early as late July of 1914?

A)European kings, tsars, and emperors were too bent on war to heed their advice.
B)The complex, rigid, and demanding mobilization plans devised by European army generals made immediate military action essential.
C)Ordinary people everywhere went to the polls and voted for immediate opening of the war on all fronts.
D)European industrialists, seeking to profit from mass destruction, induced the politicians they owned through bribery to push declarations of war through all European legislatures.
E)Communications was slow in a pre-computer era.

Question 79

Which nationalist organization was responsible for assassinating Archduke Ferdinand and his wife?

A)The German Bund
B)The White Knights
C)The Austrian Revolutionaries
D)The Black Hand
E)The Serbian Brotherhood

Question 80

Which two nations competed for domination of the new Balkan states in the early twentieth century?

A)Russia and Austria
B)France and Britain
C)Spain and Italy
D)Germany and Austria
E)Britain and Germany