Deck 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

Question 1

define the following term:
Concert of Europe

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

define the following term:
Joseph de Maistre and conservatism

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

How do the ideas of Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill represent the various elements of the ideology of liberalism?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideologies of liberalism, nationalism, and early or utopian socialism? Why were liberalism, nationalism, and early socialism considered revolutionary by many people? How were these ideologies similar? How were they different?

Question 5

define the following term:
Congress of Vienna

Question 6

What were the major characteristics of Romanticism? How did Romanticism shape the European society and culture during the nineteenth century?

Question 7

What were some of the means that governments attempted to maintain order in the nineteenth century? Which were most successful, and why?

Question 8

define the following term:
principle of intervention

Question 9

define the following term:
ideology

Question 10

Did the goals of the Congress of Vienna attempt to reassert old traditions or to create a new idea of order for Europe?

Question 11

define the following term:
Klemens von Metternich

Question 12

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideology of conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century? How were these ideas put into practice between 1815 and 1830?

Question 13

Why was Britain able to avoid the upheavals of revolution in the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 14

define the following term:
principle of legitimacy

Question 15

define the following term:
balance of power

Question 16

define the following term:
Edmund Burke and conservatism

Question 17

In what specific ways did Europe respond to the need for order in society in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 18

define the following term:
Latin America revolts

Question 19

What similarities do the revolutions of Latin America have with the revolutions of Europe during the early to middle decades of the nineteenth century? How did they differ?

Question 20

What caused the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy, and why did the revolutionary forces fail? What did the revolutions actually achieve?

Question 21

define the following term:
utopian socialism

Question 22

define the following term:
Carbonari

Question 23

define the following term:
classical economics

Question 24

define the following term:
Thomas Malthus

Question 25

define the following term:
liberalism

Question 26

define the following term:
Corn Laws and the Peterloo Massacre

Question 27

define the following term:
the Decembrist Revolt

Question 28

define the following term:
ministerial responsibility

Question 29

define the following term:
On the Subjection of Women

Question 30

define the following term:
Tsar Nicholas I

Question 31

define the following term:
Britain's Tories and Whigs

Question 32

define the following term:
Monroe Doctrine

Question 33

define the following term:
Burschenschaften

Question 34

define the following term:
David Ricardo's "iron law of wages"

Question 35

define the following term:
Germanic Confederation

Question 36

define the following term:
ultraroyalists

Question 37

define the following term:
John Stuart Mill

Question 38

define the following term:
Greek Revolt

Question 39

define the following term:
Louis XVIII and Charles X

Question 40

define the following term:
Charles Fourier's phalansteries

Question 41

define the following term:
London Mechanics' Institute

Question 42

define the following term:
Sir Walter Scott

Question 43

define the following term:
Louis Blanc and Flora Tristan

Question 44

define the following term:
parties of Movement and Resistance

Question 45

define the following term:
Louis Kossuth

Question 46

define the following term:
neo-Gothic architecture

Question 47

define the following term:
Reform Act of 1832

Question 48

define the following term:
Grimm brothers and Hans Christian Andersen

Question 49

define the following term:
Goethe's The Sorrows of the Young Werther

Question 50

define the following term:
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 51

define the following term:
individualism

Question 52

define the following term:
revolutions of 1848

Question 53

define the following term:
Romanticism

Question 54

define the following term:
France's July Revolution of 1830

Question 55

define the following term:
Robert Owen's New Lanark

Question 56

define the following term:
France's Second Republic

Question 57

define the following term:
serjents , "bobbies," and Schutzmannschaft

Question 58

define the following term:
pantheism

Question 59

define the following term:
Gothic literature

Question 60

define the following term:
risorgimento , Giuseppe Mazzini, and Young Italy

Question 61

define the following term:
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Question 62

Klemens von Metternich

A)supported much of the revolutionary ideology after Napoleon's defeat.
B)thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the status quo.
C)had little influence because of his extreme conservatism.
D)was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes.
E)believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.

Question 63

After the Congress of Vienna, Italy

A)was entirely unified as a single country.
B)had been divided into nine states, subject to the domination of other European powers.
C)was divided into two states, one in the north and the other in the south.
D)was annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E)sank into complete anarchy and chaos.

Question 64

define the following term:
William Wordsworth

Question 65

define the following term:
Ludwig von Beethoven and Hector Berlioz

Question 66

define the following term:
Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron

Question 67

The Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland

A)demonstrates the application of the principle of legitimacy.
B)reveals the overshadowing of the principle of legitimacy by more practical considerations of power.
C)resulted in Austrian domination of Poland.
D)allowed for complete Polish autonomy.
E)shows the emergence of Poland as a great European power.

Question 68

The Congress of Vienna

A)gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B)created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C)failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D)treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E)sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.

Question 69

The leader of the Congress of Vienna was

A)Tsar Alexander I.
B)Napoleon.
C)Viscount Castlereigh.
D)Prince Talleyrand.
E)Klemens von Metternich.

Question 70

define the following term:
Caspar David Friedrich, J.M.W. Turner, and Eugene Delacroix

Question 71

During its period of dominance in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain's Tory government

A)embarked on a massive program of electoral reform.
B)passed the Corn Law of 1815, which drastically reduced tariffs on foreign grain.
C)allowed for large public meetings and the dissemination of pamphlets among the poor as a sign of good will.
D)enacted policies that sparked mass protests, including the Peterloo Massacre of 1819.
E)dramatically improved the conditions of the working classes by guaranteeing cheap bread.

Question 72

define the following term:
Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity

Question 73

The growing forces of liberalism and nationalism in central Europe were exemplified by the

A)increased liberal reforms of Frederick William III of Prussia between 1815 and 1840.
B)national affinity and unity felt by the many Austrian ethnic groups under Frederick II.
C)liberal constitutions of the states of the German Confederation.
D)Burschenschaften , the student societies of Germany.
E)the enlightened leadership of central European political elites.

Question 74

Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" refers to

A)freedom of religion.
B)the adoption of laissez-faire economics.
C)the sanctity of marriage.
D)proper justification for revolution.
E)the restoration of legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions.

Question 75

The most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America was

A)European economic collapse.
B)the Monroe Doctrine guiding American foreign policy.
C)the sheer size of South America.
D)growing support for pacifism in Europe.
E)British naval power.

Question 76

By 1824, which one of the following Latin American states had not become independent?

A)Peru.
B)Paraguay.
C)Uruguay.
D)Colombia.
E)Panama.

Question 77

At its most elementary Burkean level, conservatism

A)sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare.
B)became the most popular political philosophy in Russia.
C)sought above all else the achievement of individual rights.
D)was never popular among the political elite of Europe.
E)championed individual rights and laissez-faire government.

Question 78

The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is

A)José de San Martín.
B)Simón Bolívar.
C)Guillermo Pelgrón.
D)Simón Carreño.
E)Pancho Villa.

Question 79

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke

A)wrote in support of the French Revolution
B)suggested the importance of spreading revolution throughout Europe.
C)suggested that sudden change was an important means of renewing society.
D)condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of the French Revolution.
E)argued against the idea that the state should be considered a partnership agreement.

Question 80

The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 did all of the following except

A)disband the Burschenshaften .
B)impose censorship on the German press.
C)placed most German universities under close government supervision.
D)dissolved several smaller German states.
E)placed restrictions upon university activities.