Deck 23: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

Question 1

Compare and contrast middle-class and working-class families. How do you explain the similarities and the differences?

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

define the following term:
the "weekend"

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

define the following term:
Graham Bell

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

define the following term:
"day-trippers"

Question 5

What characteristics are exhibited by mass society in the later nineteenth century, and how did the urban environment shape those characteristic?

Question 6

define the following term:
Henry Ford

Question 7

define the following term:
Guglielmo Marconi

Question 8

Compare and contrast political policies pursued in eastern and western Europe in the final quarter of the nineteenth century.

Question 9

define the following term:
internal combustion engine

Question 10

What policies and practices created mass politics in western European states? Did these changes fulfill the aims of earlier nineteenth-century liberals? Why or why not?

Question 11

How did the Second Industrialization Revolution differ from its predecessor? How did it impact various aspects of life for Europeans of all classes?

Question 12

What advantages did the Second Industrial Revolution offer to women? What changed and did not change for women between 1870 and 1894?

Question 13

Between 1871 and 1894, two major domestic political issues involved the achievement of liberal practices and the growth of political democracy. To what extent were these realized in Great Britain, France, Spain, and Italy?

Question 14

define the following term:
Gottlieb Daimler

Question 15

define the following term:
Coney Island and Blackpool

Question 16

define the following term:
Wilbur and Orville Wright

Question 17

Discuss the structure of European society between 1870 and 1894. Why do historians focus so much attention on the middle class during this period?

Question 18

To what extent did the emergence and development of socialist parties and trade unions meet the needs of the working classes between 1871 and the end of the century?

Question 19

How were the promises and problems of the new mass society reflected in education and leisure?

Question 20

define the following term:
Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan

Question 21

define the following term:
Social Democratic Party

Question 22

define the following term:
May Day

Question 23

define the following term:
Michael Bakunin and anarchism

Question 24

define the following term:
Contagious Diseases Acts

Question 25

define the following term:
depression

Question 26

define the following term:
revisionism or evolutionary socialism

Question 27

define the following term:
Jean Jaurès

Question 28

define the following term:
plutocrats

Question 29

define the following term:
domestic servants

Question 30

define the following term:
Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel

Question 31

define the following term:
white-collar jobs

Question 32

define the following term:
Octavia Hill

Question 33

define the following term:
V.A. Huber

Question 34

define the following term:
mass society

Question 35

define the following term:
Second Industrial Revolution

Question 36

define the following term:
Public Health Act of 1875

Question 37

define the following term:
sweatshops and "sweating"

Question 38

define the following term:
Eduard Bernstein

Question 39

define the following term:
the assembly line

Question 40

define the following term:
cartels and tariffs

Question 41

define the following term:
Boy Scouts

Question 42

define the following term:
Thomas Cook

Question 43

define the following term:
Cuba and the Philippines

Question 44

define the following term:
Lord Tennyson's The Princess

Question 45

define the following term:
mass politics

Question 46

define the following term:
the Reichstag

Question 47

define the following term:
mass leisure

Question 48

define the following term:
Kulturkampf

Question 49

define the following term:
Spanish-American War

Question 50

define the following term:
"yellow press"

Question 51

define the following term:
the Football Association and National and American Leagues

Question 52

define the following term:
mass education

Question 53

define the following term:
General Georges Boulanger

Question 54

define the following term:
music halls and dance halls

Question 55

define the following term:
Reform Act of 1884

Question 56

define the following term:
Bismarck's welfare legislation

Question 57

define the following term:
the Commune

Question 58

define the following term:
Irish Home Rule

Question 59

define the following term:
France's Third Republic

Question 60

define the following term:
Aletta Jacob and "family planning"

Question 61

Henry Ford revolutionized the car industry with the mass production of the

A)Make F.
B)Ford Rocket.
C)Bullet.
D)Eagle.
E)Model T.

Question 62

In late nineteenth-century Europe, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to

A)the elimination of trade restrictions like tariffs.
B)a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations.
C)greater economic instability and a sequence of ever deeper economic depressions.
D)closer economic cooperation among the great powers.
E)greater investment by the United States in the European economy.

Question 63

The light bulb was invented independently by Thomas Edison and

A)Guglielmo Marconi.
B)Alexander Graham Bell.
C)August Bebel.
D)V. A. Huber.
E)Joseph Swan.

Question 64

"Sweating" jobs for women involved

A)the subcontracting of piecework, usually in the tailoring trades.
B)working as a domestic servant.
C)hard physical labor on farms in the countryside.
D)competing for sales commissions in new department stores.
E)service as operators in the new telephone exchanges.

Question 65

By 1900, which of the following nations was the least advanced industrially?

A)Britain.
B)Germany.
C)France.
D)Belgium.
E)Spain.

Question 66

The state with the most successful socialist party in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was

A)Britain.
B)France.
C)Germany.
D)Russia.
E)Italy.

Question 67

define the following term:
William II

Question 68

What type of new energy source powered the Second Industrial Revolution?

A)coal
B)hydroelectric
C)natural gas
D)electricity
E)fuel-cells

Question 69

The leading industrial power in Europe after 1870 was

A)France.
B)Germany.
C)Italy.
D)Holland.
E)Britain.

Question 70

During the Second Industrial Revolution, working-class organizations emphasized the gender role of women as

A)doctors.
B)teachers.
C)housewives.
D)industrial managers.
E)breadwinners.

Question 71

In a cartel

A)a vertically integrated company worked to monopolize all business in its industry.
B)independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas.
C)independent associations of grocers cooperated to artificially drive down prices.
D)private militias orchestrated intelligence gathering to diminish the police powers of modern nation states.
E)dependent enterprises worked with an overseeing organization to lower tariffs.

Question 72

The Second Industrial Revolution saw the advent of what new product?

A)textiles.
B)steel.
C)coal.
D)railroads.
E)factories.

Question 73

Which one of the following pairings does not accurately present a nation of origin with its leading export item bound for Europe?

A)Argentina and beef.
B)Brazil and coffee.
C)Chile and gold.
D)Algeria and iron.
E)Java and sugar.

Question 74

A rise in female prostitution in European cities during the later nineteenth century can best be attributed to

A)heavy migration to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival.
B)greater public toleration of sex workers and abandonment of all municipal efforts to police the trade.
C)the acceptance by clergymen of the sex trade as an economic necessity for poorer women.
D)the declining interest of men and women to form families.
E)the decline in available husbands due to various STDs.

Question 75

Which one of the following was not a part of the emergence of the late nineteenth-century mass society?

A)The extension of voting rights to the lower classes.
B)Diminishment of the conditions of the lower classes.
C)A better standard of living for the lower classes.
D)Mass leisure.
E)The "weekend" became established as a time of fun.

Question 76

define the following term:
Alexander III and Russification

Question 77

The state that dominated the market for dyestuffs by 1900, controlling 90 percent of the market was

A)Britain.
B)India.
C)France.
D)Germany.
E)Belgium.

Question 78

define the following term:
Magyarization

Question 79

define the following term:
nationalities problem

Question 80

Industrialization in Japan was the result of

A)private investment and initiative.
B)European colonization.
C)socialist planning on the Marxist model.
D)government planning and initiative.
E)ambitious former samurai.