Deck 24: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

Question 1

What did the New Physics and concepts of psychoanalysis contribute to Modernism?

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

define the following term:
Max Planck and quanta

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

What did women hope to achieve in the feminist movement? To what extent were women successful by 1914?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

define the following term:
Social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer

Question 5

define the following term:
the ego, the id, and the superego

Question 6

define the following term:
revolutionary socialism

Question 7

define the following term:
Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis

Question 8

How do the philosophical trends of the late nineteenth century compare to the same era's artistic achievements?

Question 9

define the following term:
Friedrich Nietzsche's "slave morality"

Question 10

What were the causes of the "New Imperialism" of the late nineteenth century? What were some of the arguments to justify this imperialism? What were the results or consequences of this imperialism?

Question 11

In what ways is it accurate to identify Europe the period between 1894 and 1914 as possessing a worldview dominated by the ideas of Social Darwinism? In what ways is that assessment inaccurate?

Question 12

define the following term:
Henri Bergson's "life force"

Question 13

How did Modernism in literature and the arts represent a break with the styles of past? How did Modernism represent the attempt of writers and artists to seek new means of expression to comment upon and reflect their changing world?

Question 14

By the early twentieth century, was the Ottoman Empire still a major force in Western civilization?

Question 15

What were some of the underlying causes for the Great War that broke out in 1914?

Question 16

What was the Dreyfus affair, and how did it symbolize European anti-Semitism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Question 17

define the following term:
Albert Einstein's relativity theory and E=mc²

Question 18

define the following term:
Marie and Pierre Curie

Question 19

What were the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution of 1905?

Question 20

What was the "white man's burden," and what does the concept reveal about European attitudes toward non-Europeans?

Question 21

define the following term:
Wassily Kandinsky and abstract painting

Question 22

define the following term:
the "new woman"

Question 23

define the following term:
the Symbolists

Question 24

define the following term:
Émile Zola, Leo Tolstoy, and Fyodor Dostoevsky

Question 25

define the following term:
Post-Impressionism

Question 26

define the following term:
political democracy

Question 27

define the following term:
Pablo Picasso and Cubism

Question 28

define the following term:
Modernism

Question 29

define the following term:
suffragists

Question 30

define the following term:
Camille Pissarro and Claude Monet

Question 31

define the following term:
Pius IX's Syllabus of Errors

Question 32

define the following term:
Leo XIII's De Rerum Novarum

Question 33

define the following term:
volkish thought

Question 34

define the following term:
Ernst Renan's Life of Jesus

Question 35

define the following term:
Edvard Grieg, Claude Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky

Question 36

define the following term:
Impressionism

Question 37

define the following term:
Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Question 38

define the following term:
anticlericalism

Question 39

define the following term:
Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh

Question 40

define the following term:
George Eastman

Question 41

define the following term:
Bismarckian System

Question 42

define the following term:
New Imperialism

Question 43

define the following term:
Theodor Herzl and Zionism

Question 44

define the following term:
trasformismo or transformism

Question 45

define the following term:
Maria Montessori

Question 46

define the following term:
Fabian Socialists

Question 47

define the following term:
Suez Canal

Question 48

define the following term:
The 1905 Revolution and "Bloody Sunday"

Question 49

define the following term:
"white man's burden"

Question 50

define the following term:
"open door" policy

Question 51

define the following term:
Commodore Matthew Perry

Question 52

define the following term:
Boxer Rebellion

Question 53

define the following term:
Russo-Japanese War

Question 54

define the following term:
Indian National Congress

Question 55

define the following term:
Boer War

Question 56

define the following term:
Cecil Rhodes

Question 57

define the following term:
Meiji Restoration

Question 58

define the following term:
economic imperialism

Question 59

define the following term:
Alfred Dreyfus and anti-Semitism

Question 60

define the following term:
David Lloyd George

Question 61

Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer argued that

A)no progress in human society was now possible and decadence had set in everywhere.
B)no rational justification could be given to "natural selection."
C)peaceful progress was inevitable.
D)evolution could never be reversed.
E)human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments.

Question 62

Inquiry into the disintegrative processes within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to the experimental work of

A)Einstein on cosmic rays and gravity.
B)Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation.
C)Planck on quanta.
D)Pasteur on microbes and infection.
E)Bergson on time and the "life force."

Question 63

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the process that drives unwanted thoughts into the unconscious is known as

A)self-gratification.
B)neural dysfunction.
C)animal drives.
D)repression.
E)erasure.

Question 64

The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about the

A)structure of stars.
B)accepted medieval theories of chemical reaction.
C)subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world.
D)safe transmission of electrical energy for powering modern economies.
E)the electro-dynamics of moving bodies.

Question 65

In his Life of Jesus, Ernst Renan

A)employed the methods of higher criticism.
B)questioned the historical accuracy of the Bible.
C)challenged the divinity of Jesus.
D)postulated that the value of Jesus lay in his life and teaching.
E)all of the above.

Question 66

define the following term:
Congress of Berlin

Question 67

According to relativity theory

A)space is absolute but time is relative to the observer.
B)time is absolute but space is relative to the observer.
C)neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer.
D)time and space are both absolute.
E)both time and space had an existence independent of human experience.

Question 68

The best example of Naturalism in literature can be found in the novels of

A)Victor Hugo.
B)Charles Dickens.
C)Albert Camus.
D)Émile Zola.
E)Gustave Flaubert.

Question 69

Social Darwinism was

A)the application of the principle of organic evolution to the social order.
B)an effort to explain the problems of society by psychological means.
C)an explanation, sociologically, of Darwin's biological ideas.
D)advocated by Nietzsche.
E)condemned by Freud.

Question 70

The greatest difference between Naturalism and Realism in literature was

A)realism dealt more with themes like human suffering.
B)naturalism was more popular than realism.
C)in general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism.
D)realism was simply a continuation of naturalism.
E)in general, realism was more pessimistic than naturalism.

Question 71

Marie Curie won two Nobel prizes for her achievements in

A)cellular biology and chemistry.
B)physics and cellular biology.
C)physics and chemistry.
D)geology and physics.
E)chemistry and astronomy.

Question 72

define the following term:
Balkans' crises

Question 73

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the seat of reason is the

A)ego.
B)superego.
C)pleasure principle.
D)id.
E)dream.

Question 74

In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to

A)lead the world in high-tech manufacturing.
B)lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe.
C)be the European leader in music and the arts.
D)generate the next great world religion.
E)failure if they did not accept Jews as the originators of Western civilization.

Question 75

Friedrich Nietzsche glorified

A)the power of God.
B)bourgeois society.
C)reason over emotion.
D)political democracy.
E)irrationality.

Question 76

The Symbolists were primarily associated with which of the following types of writing?

A)Novels.
B)Poetry.
C)Critical essays.
D)Letters.
E)All of the above.

Question 77

The author whose work emphasizes suffering and faith as the means for the human soul to be purified was

A)Émile Zola.
B)Leo Tolstoy.
C)Fyodor Dostoevsky.
D)Friedrich Nietzsche.
E)Herbert Spencer.

Question 78

define the following term:
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

Question 79

Pope Leo III responded to modern ideas in all of the following ways except

A)permitting the teaching of evolution as a hypothesis in Catholic schools.
B)criticizing capitalism for the poverty of the working classes.
C)recommending that Catholics form labor unions to assist workers.
D)embracing Marxist socialism.
E)identifying Christian principles in socialism.

Question 80

In 1905, who published "The Electro-Dynamics of Moving Bodies"?

A)Tesla.
B)Einstein.
C)Planck.
D)Curie.
E)Carver.