Deck 28: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Question 1

define the following term:
NATO and COMECON

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

Compare and contrast the political, social, and economic histories of Eastern Europe and Western Europe in the postwar decades. What factors account for the differences?

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

What were the major developments in domestic politics in Western Europe, and how were they expressed in France, West Germany, and Great Britain? What efforts toward unity were made by Western European states?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

define the following term:
Warsaw Pact

Question 5

define the following term:
the superpowers

Question 6

define the following term:
denazification

Question 7

define the following term:
mutual deterence

Question 8

define the following term:
Truman Doctrine

Question 9

define the following term:
containment

Question 10

How did the policies of the United States affect Western Europe in the period from 1945 and 1965?

Question 11

Discuss the events that divided the world into two heavily armed camps capable of obliterating one another with nuclear weapons carried by intercontinental missile systems.

Question 12

define the following term:
Korean War

Question 13

How and why did the Cold War in Europe differ from the Cold War in Asia?

Question 14

What attitudes and actions sparked the Cold War? Was one of the superpowers more responsible for its start than the other? Why or why not?

Question 15

In what ways were Khrushchev's policies a departure from those of Stalin?

Question 16

Discuss the major social changes affecting the status, expectations, and ambitions of women that occurred in Western society form 1945 to 1970.

Question 17

define the following term:
Marshall Plan

Question 18

What were the major political developments in the history of the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1970? How did Soviet policies affect the history of Eastern Europe?

Question 19

On balance, did the decade of the 1960s constitute a constructive challenge to the institutions of European society, a destructive one, or both? Provide specific examples to defend your position.

Question 20

define the following term:
Berlin blockade and Berlin Air Life

Question 21

define the following term:
Indian National Congress

Question 22

define the following term:
Vietnam War

Question 23

define the following term:
Nikita Khrushchev

Question 24

define the following term:
apartheid

Question 25

define the following term:
"missile gap"

Question 26

define the following term:
Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs

Question 27

define the following term:
Fidel Castro

Question 28

define the following term:
decolonization

Question 29

define the following term:
Mao Zedong

Question 30

define the following term:
Sputnik I

Question 31

define the following term:
uhuru

Question 32

define the following term:
CENTO and SEATO

Question 33

define the following term:
African National Congress

Question 34

define the following term:
PLO, al-Fatah, and Yasir Arafat

Question 35

define the following term:
Mahatma Gandhi and an "orgy of blood"

Question 36

define the following term:
Ho Chi Minh

Question 37

define the following term:
massive retaliation

Question 38

define the following term:
rapprochement

Question 39

define the following term:
Six-Day War

Question 40

define the following term:
Berlin Wall

Question 41

define the following term:
Stalinization and de-Stalinization

Question 42

define the following term:
socialized medicine

Question 43

define the following term:
European Coal and Steel Community

Question 44

define the following term:
family allowances

Question 45

define the following term:
the Great Society

Question 46

define the following term:
nationalization

Question 47

define the following term:
Martin Luther King and "white backlash"

Question 48

define the following term:
the birth-control pill

Question 49

define the following term:
Hungarian uprising

Question 50

define the following term:
Simone de Beauvoir

Question 51

define the following term:
women's liberation movement

Question 52

define the following term:
Great Leap Forward

Question 53

define the following term:
Charles de Gaulle's Fifth Republic

Question 54

define the following term:
Great Britain's welfare state

Question 55

define the following term:
EEC/Common Market

Question 56

define the following term:
West Germany's "economic miracle" and guest workers

Question 57

define the following term:
social security

Question 58

define the following term:
Christian Democratic parties

Question 59

define the following term:
the consumer society

Question 60

define the following term:
Konrad Adenauer

Question 61

define the following term:
Pope John XXIII

Question 62

define the following term:
existentialism and Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus

Question 63

define the following term:
Andy Warhol and Pop Art

Question 64

The founding members of NATO included all of the following except

A)Canada.
B)Iceland.
C)Luxmbourg.
D)Albania.
E)Norway.

Question 65

The Truman Doctrine did all of the following except

A)condemn the victory of the Communists in the Chinese civil war.
B)call for $400 million in aid for nations threatened by aggression
C)assist in the defense of Greece and Turkey.
D)express America's fear of Communist expansion in Europe.
E)announce the United States' intention to support "free peoples" throughout the world.

Question 66

define the following term:
Elvis Presley and the Beatles

Question 67

Despite World War II's devastating impact on the countries, cities, peoples, and cultures of Europe, Europe's industrial and agricultural output was 30 percent higher than prewar levels by

A)1947.
B)1950.
C)1953.
D)1956.
E)1960.

Question 68

define the following term:
Jackson Pollock and Abstract Expressionism

Question 69

The first area of conflict in the unfolding of the Cold War was

A)Scandinavia.
B)Western Europe.
C)North Africa.
D)Eastern Europe.
E)East Asia.

Question 70

An overall effect of the Korean War on the Cold War was

A)the Soviet Union's domination over all of Southeast Asia.
B)the end of American and Soviet involvement in Asian political affairs.
C)the reinforcement of the American determination to "contain" Soviet power.
D)a decrease in American defense spending since the capacity of the West to win the conflict outright on the battlefield demonstrated the superiority of modern weapons systems and no need to develop new war machines.
E)the continued willingness to use limited nuclear weapons in local wars.

Question 71

The Warsaw Pact included all of the following nations except

A)Poland.
B)Bulgaria.
C)Yugoslavia.
D)Hungary.
E)Czechoslovakia.

Question 72

At the close of World War II, the European tradition of power politics was inherited by

A)China and the Soviet Union.
B)independent peoples everywhere.
C)the Soviet Union and the United States.
D)the United States alone.
E)the Soviet Union alone.

Question 73

define the following term:
Ingmar Bergman, Francois Truffaut, and Federico Fellini

Question 74

The belief that Communist aggression fed off of economic turmoil was instrumental in the formulation of

A)the Domino Theory.
B)the Marshall Plan.
C)COMECON.
D)the doctrine of neo-capitalism.
E)the Long Telegram.

Question 75

The Truman Doctrine was a consequence of Truman's alarm over

A)a civil war in Yugoslavia.
B)the weakness of the British in the eastern Mediterranean.
C)Soviet aggression in Czechoslovakia.
D)the failure of the Marshall Plan.
E)the slow pace of denazification in Germany.

Question 76

A key factor contributing to the development of the Cold War in Eastern Europe was

A)the withdrawal of victorious Russian armies from lands conquered during the campaign against Nazism.
B)raids by American troops pursuing German Nazi war criminals into areas of the former Third Reich under Russian control.
C)Stalin's desire to establish pro-Soviet governments in the countries of Eastern Europe to serve as a buffer zone against possible western attacks on the Soviet Union.
D)the domination of Austrian and Italian politics by popular pro-Communist parties.
E)the threat to continued instability by the rise of neo-fascist parties.

Question 77

The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration was

A)containment.
B)détente.
C)MAD (mutually assured destruction).
D)massive retaliation.
E)all of the above.

Question 78

Truman and his Western European allies responded to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948 by

A)building the Berlin Wall.
B)airlifting supplies into Berlin.
C)bombing Moscow.
D)sending a UN force to reopen the access routes.
E)threatening nuclear war.

Question 79

define the following term:
Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot

Question 80

The Communist military response to the formation of NATO was the

A)Moscow Alliance.
B)Warsaw Pact.
C)Eastern European Community.
D)Stalin Plan.
E)European Economic Community.