Deck 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

Question 1

What similarities do the revolutions of Latin America have with the revolutions of Europe during the early to middle decades of the nineteenth century? How did they differ?

Answer 1

Answers may vary.

Question 2

Talk about :
ideology

Answer 2

Answers may vary.

Question 3

What were the major characteristics of Romanticism? How did Romanticism shape the European society and culture during the nineteenth century?

Answer 3

Answers may vary.

Question 4

Why was Britain able to avoid the upheavals of revolution in the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 5

Talk about :
principle of intervention

Question 6

How do the ideas of Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill represent the various elements of the ideology of liberalism?

Question 7

What caused the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy, and why did the revolutionary forces fail? What did the revolutions actually achieve?

Question 8

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideology of conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century? How were these ideas put into practice between 1815 and 1830?

Question 9

Talk about :
balance of power

Question 10

Talk about :
Congress of Vienna

Question 11

Did the goals of the Congress of Vienna attempt to reassert old traditions or to create a new idea of order for Europe?

Question 12

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideologies of liberalism, nationalism, and early or utopian socialism? Why were liberalism, nationalism, and early socialism considered revolutionary by many people? How were these ideologies similar? How were they different?

Question 13

What were some of the means that governments attempted to maintain order in the nineteenth century? Which were most successful, and why?

Question 14

In what specific ways did Europe respond to the need for order in society in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 15

Talk about :
principle of legitimacy

Question 16

Talk about :
Concert of Europe

Question 17

Talk about :
Joseph de Maistre and conservatism

Question 18

Talk about :
Edmund Burke and conservatism

Question 19

Talk about :
Latin America revolts

Question 20

Talk about :
Klemens von Metternich

Question 21

Talk about :
the Decembrist Revolt

Question 22

Talk about :
classical economics

Question 23

Talk about :
Carbonari

Question 24

Talk about :
Corn Laws and the Peterloo Massacre

Question 25

Talk about :
Charles Fourier's phalansteries

Question 26

Talk about :
Britain's Tories and Whigs

Question 27

Talk about :
Monroe Doctrine

Question 28

Talk about :
utopian socialism

Question 29

Talk about :
Tsar Nicholas I

Question 30

Talk about :
Thomas Malthus

Question 31

Talk about :
Burschenschaften

Question 32

Talk about :
Germanic Confederation

Question 33

Talk about :
ultraroyalists

Question 34

Talk about :
On the Subjection of Women

Question 35

Talk about :
ministerial responsibility

Question 36

Talk about :
Louis XVIII and Charles X

Question 37

Talk about :
Greek Revolt

Question 38

Talk about :
liberalism

Question 39

Talk about :
David Ricardo's "iron law of wages"

Question 40

Talk about :
John Stuart Mill

Question 41

Talk about :
serjents , "bobbies," and Schutzmannschaft

Question 42

Talk about :
Gothic literature

Question 43

Talk about :
Louis Blanc and Flora Tristan

Question 44

Talk about :
revolutions of 1848

Question 45

Talk about :
Reform Act of 1832

Question 46

Talk about :
Goethe's The Sorrows of the Young Werther

Question 47

Talk about :
Louis Kossuth

Question 48

Talk about :
Grimm brothers and Hans Christian Andersen

Question 49

Talk about :
Robert Owen's New Lanark

Question 50

Talk about :
Romanticism

Question 51

Talk about :
France's Second Republic

Question 52

Talk about :
pantheism

Question 53

Talk about :
London Mechanics' Institute

Question 54

Talk about :
risorgimento , Giuseppe Mazzini, and Young Italy

Question 55

Talk about :
France's July Revolution of 1830

Question 56

Talk about :
neo-Gothic architecture

Question 57

Talk about :
parties of Movement and Resistance

Question 58

Talk about :
Sir Walter Scott

Question 59

Talk about :
individualism

Question 60

Talk about :
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 61

By 1824, which one of the following Latin American states had not become independent?

A)Peru.
B)Paraguay.
C)Uruguay.
D)Colombia.
E)Panama.

Question 62

The most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America was

A)European economic collapse.
B)the Monroe Doctrine guiding American foreign policy.
C)the sheer size of South America.
D)growing support for pacifism in Europe.
E)British naval power.

Question 63

The leader of the Congress of Vienna was

A)Tsar Alexander I.
B)Napoleon.
C)Viscount Castlereigh.
D)Prince Talleyrand.
E)Klemens von Metternich.

Question 64

The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 did all of the following except

A)disband the Burschenshaften .
B)impose censorship on the German press.
C)placed most German universities under close government supervision.
D)dissolved several smaller German states.
E)placed restrictions upon university activities.

Question 65

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke

A)wrote in support of the French Revolution
B)suggested the importance of spreading revolution throughout Europe.
C)suggested that sudden change was an important means of renewing society.
D)condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of the French Revolution.
E)argued against the idea that the state should be considered a partnership agreement.

Question 66

The Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland

A)demonstrates the application of the principle of legitimacy.
B)reveals the overshadowing of the principle of legitimacy by more practical considerations of power.
C)resulted in Austrian domination of Poland.
D)allowed for complete Polish autonomy.
E)shows the emergence of Poland as a great European power.

Question 67

Talk about :
William Wordsworth

Question 68

The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is

A)José de San Martín.
B)Simón Bolívar.
C)Guillermo Pelgrón.
D)Simón Carreño.
E)Pancho Villa.

Question 69

Talk about :
Caspar David Friedrich, J.M.W. Turner, and Eugene Delacroix

Question 70

Klemens von Metternich

A)supported much of the revolutionary ideology after Napoleon's defeat.
B)thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the status quo.
C)had little influence because of his extreme conservatism.
D)was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes.
E)believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.

Question 71

Talk about :
Ludwig von Beethoven and Hector Berlioz

Question 72

During its period of dominance in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain's Tory government

A)embarked on a massive program of electoral reform.
B)passed the Corn Law of 1815, which drastically reduced tariffs on foreign grain.
C)allowed for large public meetings and the dissemination of pamphlets among the poor as a sign of good will.
D)enacted policies that sparked mass protests, including the Peterloo Massacre of 1819.
E)dramatically improved the conditions of the working classes by guaranteeing cheap bread.

Question 73

Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" refers to

A)freedom of religion.
B)the adoption of laissez-faire economics.
C)the sanctity of marriage.
D)proper justification for revolution.
E)the restoration of legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions.

Question 74

At its most elementary Burkean level, conservatism

A)sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare.
B)became the most popular political philosophy in Russia.
C)sought above all else the achievement of individual rights.
D)was never popular among the political elite of Europe.
E)championed individual rights and laissez-faire government.

Question 75

The growing forces of liberalism and nationalism in central Europe were exemplified by the

A)increased liberal reforms of Frederick William III of Prussia between 1815 and 1840.
B)national affinity and unity felt by the many Austrian ethnic groups under Frederick II.
C)liberal constitutions of the states of the German Confederation.
D)Burschenschaften , the student societies of Germany.
E)the enlightened leadership of central European political elites.

Question 76

The Congress of Vienna

A)gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B)created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C)failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D)treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E)sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.

Question 77

Talk about :
Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron

Question 78

Talk about :
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Question 79

Talk about :
Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity

Question 80

After the Congress of Vienna, Italy

A)was entirely unified as a single country.
B)had been divided into nine states, subject to the domination of other European powers.
C)was divided into two states, one in the north and the other in the south.
D)was annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E)sank into complete anarchy and chaos.