Deck 12: Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Question 1

During the fifteenth century, Italians forbade slavery throughout the peninsula.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

During the Italian wars, the practice of resident diplomats spread throughout Europe, thus developing the machinery still in use today for conducting international diplomatic business.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Upper and middle-class women were expected to involve themselves in public and civic affairs.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The family of merchants and bankers who dominated Florence during the high point of the Renaissance was the

A)Gonzaga.
B)Bardi.
C)Sforza.
D)Medici.
E)Machiavelli.

Question 5

Propertyless workers and the unemployed constituted what percentage of the population living in cities?

A)10 to 20 percent.
B)30 to 40 percent.
C)50 to 70 percent.
D)70 to 90 percent.
E)greater than 90 percent.

Question 6

The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from

A)colonization.
B)the slave trade.
C)agriculture.
D)military conquest.
E)trade.

Question 7

During the Middle Ages, artists were viewed simply as artisans, bound to guild and patron, but by the sixteenth century, some artists were perceived as artistic geniuses and were accepted into the upper classes.

Question 8

The Medicis dominated the politics of Florence in the fifteenth century.

Question 9

The Italian Renaissance was primarily

A)a mass movement of the peasants.
B)characterized by a preoccupation with religion.
C)a product of rural Italy.
D)a recovery of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture.
E)a religious reform movement.

Question 10

In writing The Prince , Niccolo Machiavelli used Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI, as the model prince that others should imitate.

Question 11

Masaccio's frescos in Florence's Brancacci Chapel, with their realistic relationship between the figures and the landscape and the visual use of the laws of perspective, are considered the first great masterpiece of Early Renaissance art.

Question 12

Michelangelo was a painter and sculptor but never tried his hand at architecture.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of industries in fifteenth-century Italy?

A)Italian cities expanded luxury industries involving precious stones and glassware.
B)New techniques for digging deeper mines helped spur the development of larger mining operations.
C)The Florentine woolen industry never recovered from the economic depression of the fourteenth century.
D)New skills in metalworking contributed to the development of more effective firearms.
E)Printing was among the new industries that grew dramatically in importance.

Question 14

The word "Renaissance" means

A)rebirth.
B)new world.
C)maturation.
D)escape.
E)culture.

Question 15

The author of The Book of the Courtier , a handbook on courtly manners, was

A)Baldassare Castiglione.
B)Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
C)Girolamo Savanarola.
D)Niccolò Machiavelli
E)Cosimo de Medici.

Question 16

The Book of the Courtier was a

A)primer on military training for nobles.
B)popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats.
C)sharp denunciation of the wasteful noble life.
D)treatise against active participation in public life.
E)work on how to achieve political power and then keep it.

Question 17

The French king, Charles VIII, was responsible for sacking the city of Rome in 1527.

Question 18

According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

A)the greatest period of economic recovery in the history of civilization.
B)a period of moral decline.
C)an era of tremendous graft and corruption in Italian government.
D)a continuation of the culture of the High Middle Ages.
E)a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world.

Question 19

Unlike fellow Northern artist Jan van Eyck, Albrecht Dürer was not influenced by Italian artists.

Question 20

The commercial and military association known as the Hansa or Hanseatic League was created by

A)the Italian republics.
B)the kingdom of France.
C)Ferdinand and Isabella.
D)Constantinople.
E)North German coastal towns.

Question 21

The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

A)contained as its primary goal the creation of well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens.
B)was for all segments of society, rich and poor.
C)advocated concentration on science and research, not rhetoric and verbal skills.
D)almost entirely excluded Christian teachings.
E)was designed to achieve political success as the paramount goal of an educated man.

Question 22

Which of the following statements BEST describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?

A)Young men asked women for their hand in marriage, after a lengthy courtship.
B)Husbands were generally the same age as their spouses.
C)Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances.
D)Men and women waited longer to get married than in the Middle Ages.
E)Men and women married earlier than in the Middle Ages because of increased economic opportunities.

Question 23

The first Italian humanist to gain a thorough knowledge of Greek was

A)Petrarch.
B)Leonardo Bruni.
C)Pico della Mirandola.
D)Lorenzo Valla.
E)Marsilio Ficino.

Question 24

Western Europe in the Renaissance saw

A)a decline in serfdom.
B)a decline in centralized royal government.
C)a reduction in urban trade networks.
D)a rise in famine.
E)an increase in the manorial system.

Question 25

In Concerning Character , Pietro Paolo Vergerio argued that liberal studies led to

A)the death of God.
B)the rise of the peasant.
C)insights into nature.
D)true freedom.
E)enslavement to the false god of knowledge.

Question 26

Renaissance humanists in Italy

A)restricted their attention to scholasticism and the medieval liberal arts curriculum.
B)had occupations in schools and universities or as secretaries in city-states or at the courts of princes or popes.
C)tended to be members of the clergy rather than laymen.
D)focused on scientific rather than literary pursuits.
E)rejected the writings of Greek and Roman authors in favor of Byzantine scholarship.

Question 27

Which of the following was NOT one of the five major powers that dominated the fifteenth-century Italian peninsula?

A)Florence.
B)the Papal States.
C)Milan.
D)Mantua.
E)Naples.

Question 28

The Corpus Hermeticum

A)contained histories written by papal secretaries.
B)radically conflicted with the ideas of Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man .
C)contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations.
D)advocated the final rejection of Neoplatonic thought.
E)was a scientific treatise and included no spiritual or philosophical concepts.

Question 29

Machiavelli's The Prince advocates that a successful ruler must

A)strive to earn the love of his people.
B)follow Christian principles in all his endeavors.
C)care for the weak, poor, and helpless.
D)kill all opposition immediately without consideration of the consequences.
E)act without scruples for the good of the state.

Question 30

The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was

A)predominantly urban.
B)essentially free from the manorial system, especially in eastern Europe.
C)relatively free from violence and disease in urban areas.
D)overwhelmingly made up of peasants.
E)made up of clergy and nobles.

Question 31

The Peace of Lodi served to

A)limit the sexual scandals that plagued the Papal court.
B)keep Naples from interfering in northern Italian affairs.
C)maintain peace between the Italian states for 40 years.
D)maintain peace between the Italian communes and the Habsburgs.
E)ensconce the Medici in both Florence and Naples.

Question 32

Banquets during the Renaissance

A)expressed the simplicity of the life idealized in courtly society.
B)were not held on Holy Days and at such celebrations as weddings.
C)were used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family.
D)were banned by the papacy.
E)were restricted to the wealthy bourgeoisie.

Question 33

Which ancient writer was considered by civic humanists as their model?

A)Aristotle.
B)Plato.
C)Cicero.
D)Marcus Aurelius.
E)Suetonius.

Question 34

Federigo da Montefeltro of Urbino was

A)an example of a skilled, intelligent, independent Italian warrior prince.
B)an outspoken advocate of Italian unification.
C)a callous, disloyal prince, loathed by the papacy.
D)strictly opposed to the proliferation of condottieri in Italy.
E)a pious subject of the papacy.

Question 35

Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that humans

A)were fallen creatures, but regain their place by following God's will.
B)were nothing more than undifferentiated animals.
C)were divine and destined to spiritual life.
D)were destined to survive because they were the fittest animals.
E)could be whatever they chose or willed.

Question 36

Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling woman was

A)Battista Sforza.
B)Isabella d'Este.
C)Christina of Milan.
D)Catherine de Medici.
E)Christine de Pizan.

Question 37

The aristocracy of the sixteenth century was

A)to dominate society as it had done in the Middle Ages.
B)largely surpassed by the upcoming merchant class.
C)still powerful, but with little new blood to keep it vital.
D)extremely uneducated compared to the nobility of the Middle Ages.
E)to disappear by the early seventeenth century.

Question 38

In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of the rulers of

A)France and England.
B)England and Spain.
C)the Ottoman Empire and Spain.
D)Spain and Germany.
E)Spain and France.

Question 39

Slavery in Renaissance Italy

A)reached its height in the early sixteenth century.
B)was universally condemned by the Catholic Church.
C)disappeared entirely by the early fifteenth century.
D)experienced a slow decline.
E)saw slaves from Africa and the eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers.

Question 40

In Renaissance Italy

A)those with the same surname did not often live near one another.
B)the importance of the family helps explain the policy of retaliation involved in the vendetta.
C)the family bond was generally considered unimportant.
D)the family consisted of a nuclear household of parents and children.
E)a crime committed by one family member did not reflect on the rest of the family.

Question 41

The Wars of the Roses refers to a civil conflict in

A)England.
B)France.
C)Spain.
D)Germany.
E)Italy.

Question 42

The sultan responsible for the capture of Constantinople in 1453 was

A)Ali.
B)Murad III.
C)Lazar I.
D)Mehmet II.
E)Ibrahim Pasha.

Question 43

All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" EXCEPT

A)Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire.
B)Henry VII of England.
C)Ferdinand of Aragon in Spain.
D)Louis XI the Spider of France.
E)Isabella of Castile.

Question 44

The "new monarchs" of the late fifteenth century in Europe

A)continued the trend toward decentralization.
B)were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power.
C)attempted to build up the nobility for support.
D)accepted the domination of the church as a matter of course.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 45

The monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella

A)reorganized the military forces of Spain.
B)expelled all professed Jews from Spain.
C)conquered the last Muslim kingdom of Granada.
D)filled their royal council with middle-class lawyers instead of aristocrats.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT true of Northern Renaissance artists?

A)They had less mastery of the laws of perspective than many Italian painters.
B)The most influential artist was Jan van Eyck.
C)There was an emphasis on illuminated manuscripts and wooden panel painting.
D)They valued the secular human form as the primary subject of painting.
E)They never portrayed the human body.

Question 47

Which pair of artists both sculpted a likeness of David?

A)Donatello and da Vinci
B)Donatello and Michelangelo
C)Michelangelo and da Vinci
D)da Vinci and Brunelleschi
E)Brunelleschi and Donatello

Question 48

Johannes Gutenberg was a key developer of

A)the water wheel.
B)the astrolabe.
C)the movable type printing press.
D)smokeless gunpowder.
E)the compass.

Question 49

The Renaissance figure in the following list who was NOT a leading painter was

A)Raphael.
B)Michelangelo.
C)Petrarch.
D)Leonardo.
E)Botticelli.

Question 50

The Renaissance popes did all of the following EXCEPT

A)patronize Renaissance culture.
B)participate in temporal authority at the expense of their spiritual responsibilities.
C)attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times.
D)combat church councils.
E)involve themselves in politics and war.

Question 51

The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by the

A)Crusaders.
B)Persians.
C)Russians.
D)Seljuk Turks.
E)Ottoman Turks.

Question 52

Talk about:
Renaissance

Question 53

After 1438, the position of the Holy Roman Emperor remained in the hands of the

A)Sforza family.
B)Medici family.
C)pope.
D)Habsburg dynasty.
E)Hohenstaufen dynasty.

Question 54

One of the foremost preoccupations of Italian Renaissance art was

A)the elimination of religious images in painting and sculpture.
B)the realistic portrayal of the human nude.
C)to reject the trend of realism and emphasize abstract artistic forms.
D)the exclusion of humans in favor of purely sacred images.
E)a refusal to study mathematical laws and anatomical structures.

Question 55

Who painted The Last Supper ?

A)da Vinci
B)Michelangelo
C)Caravaggio
D)van Eyck
E)Botticelli

Question 56

Humanism's main effect on the writing of history was

A)a stress on God's influence on human events.
B)the secularization of the writing of history and the explanation of change over time.
C)anti-Christian attacks on medieval historians.
D)an increasing reliance on archaeological evidence.
E)an emphasis on the importance of non-Western subject matter.

Question 57

The development of printing in the fifteenth century

A)pertained predominantly to secular works, as theological works were still done by hand.
B)saw the invention of movable type by Nicholas Fabian.
C)ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society.
D)made communication and collaborative work between scholars more difficult due to competition.
E)had little impact until the eighteenth century.

Question 58

The painter of the Rome's Sistine Chapel ceiling was

A)Raphael.
B)da Vinci.
C)Botticelli.
D)Michelangelo.
E)Brunelleschi.

Question 59

The Renaissance papacy

A)was exemplified by the "spartan" and humble existence of Leo X.
B)saw popes build legal familial dynasties over several generations to maintain power.
C)was little concerned with war and politics, as shown by Julius II.
D)was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as evidenced by Alexander VI.
E)gave little support to the arts.

Question 60

John Wyclif criticized the Church for

A)wasting money on expensive cathedrals.
B)discriminating against women.
C)not letting people read the Bible in the vernacular.
D)discriminating against Muslims and Jews.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 61

Talk about:
Peace of Lodi and balance of power

Question 62

Talk about:
Lorenzo Valla

Question 63

Talk about:
Cosimo de' Medici

Question 64

Talk about:
humanism

Question 65

Talk about:
House of Medici

Question 66

Talk about:
Jacob Burckhardt

Question 67

Talk about:
civic humanism

Question 68

Talk about:
Marsilio Ficino and Neoplatonism

Question 69

Talk about:
Isabella d'Este

Question 70

Talk about:
Leon Battista Alberti

Question 71

Talk about:
Federigo da Montefeltro

Question 72

Talk about:
Machiavelli's The Prince

Question 73

Talk about:
the Italian wars

Question 74

Talk about:
Leonardo Bruni's The New Cicero

Question 75

Talk about:
Francesco Sforza

Question 76

Talk about:
Hanseatic League

Question 77

Talk about:
individualism and secularism

Question 78

Talk about:
Castiglione's Book of the Courtier

Question 79

Talk about:
Battista Sforza

Question 80

Talk about:
the Papal States